The Catalan countries or Catalan lands , and the Catalan countries ( Cat. Patsos Catalans ) are the territories of the Catalan language adjacent to the western coast of the Mediterranean Sea [1] .
 North Catalonia Catalonia Alghero El karch Italy Spain France Mediterranean Sea Balearic sea Andorra     | |
| State | Region |
|---|---|
 Spain |  Catalonia Valencia Balears Aragon ( Franzha ) Murcia ( El Qarch ) |
 France |  East Pyrenees |
 Italy | Alghero |
 Andorra | |
Content
Composition
The Catalan language includes areas in northeastern Spain , southern France and the Italian island of Sardinia , as well as in Andorra .
- Spain :
- Catalonia
- Balearic Islands
- Valencia
- Franzha - adjacent Catalan-speaking strip of the territory of Aragon
- El Karch is an area of Murcia adjacent to the south.
- Andorra
- French department of the Eastern Pyrenees
- the city of Alghero in Sardinia ( Algerian dialect )
The northern limit of the spread of the Catalan language symbolizes the structure, referred to as the “ gateway of the Catalan lands ”.
History
According to the Big Catalan Encyclopedia , the idea of combining the territories spoken in Catalan belongs to the XII century [1] . In the Middle Ages on these lands there were several state entities - the county of Barcelona , the county of Roussillon , the kingdom of Majorca , the kingdom of Valencia and others. After the unsuccessful Catalan revolution of 1640-1652, these lands were divided between France and Spain in accordance with the agreement on the Iberian world .
The origin and meaning of the term
In the 19th century, the combinations “Catalan lands” ( cat. Terres catalanes ), “land of the Catalan language” ( cat. Terra de llengua catalana ), and “Catalan homeland” ( cat. Pàtria catalana ) were used. The “Catalan countries” form ( cat. Països Catalans ) appeared in 1886 in an article by Joseph -Narcís Roca and Farreras ( cat. Josep-Narcís Roca i Farreras ) in the journal L'Arc de Sant Martí . After the term was used in the magazines "Catalonia" - in 1900, Catalònia and in 1903, Catalunya [1] .
The political sounding of the concept was acquired in the 1930s by the Democratic Union of Catalonia party within the framework of the Great Catalonia political project ( cat. Catalunya Gran ), the idea of which was inherited from the publications of the Renaixença magazine (published in 1871). until 1905 [1] . Therefore, the use of combinations of "Catalan lands", "Catalan countries" in the sense of political entities regarding the territories of the spread of the Catalan language is anachronism . The term “Catalan countries” means not states, but territories historically interconnected by a common language and culture.
In the 60s of the 20th century, some writers, especially Juan Fuster , became the authors of the new concept of Great Catalonia, which should include all the territories of the Catalan language [1] . The term came into use in the postwar period, perhaps by analogy with the well-established notion of “ Basque lands ”. In Spain, it is perceived ambiguously because of the threat of Catalan separatism .
In order to avoid the escalation of Catalan separatism, the Spanish Constitution of 1978 imposed a ban on political associations of autonomous communities (Article 145, paragraph 1.) [2] . There are a number of interregional cooperation projects between the Catalan countries.
See also
- Catalan colors
- Aragon crown
- Pancatalonism
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 Enciclopèdia Catalana .
- ↑ Spanish Constitution . Vivos voco. The appeal date is August 30, 2016.
Literature
- els Països Catalans (Catalan.) . Enciclopèdia Catalana, SAU. The appeal date is August 30, 2016.