Ipecacuana [2] [3] , or the emetic root [2] [3] ( lat. Carapichea ipecacuanha ) - a herbaceous plant of the family Marenovye ( Rubiaceae ), a species of the genus Carapichea , until recently belonged to the genus Psychotria ( Psychotria ). It grows in Brazil , in the upper right tributaries of the Amazon River , and is also cultivated in India , Indonesia and Tanzania . Jean Adrian, German doctor first showed the medicinal value of this plant. [four]
| Ipecacuanha |
 |
| Scientific classification |
|---|
|
| International scientific name |
|---|
Carapichea ipecacuanha
( Brot. ) L. Andersson , 2002 |
| Synonyms |
|---|
See text |
|
Content
IpecacBotanical illustration from
Köhler's Medizinal-Pflanzen , 1887
This is a small herbaceous plant with a thin stem and several pairs of evergreen opposite broad-leaved leaves . At the top, a small inflorescence develops - a head of small white tubular flowers . The fruit is a fleshy drupe . A long gray-brown horizontal rhizome stretches underground. At the nodes, long roots, consisting of hard wood and a wide bark, extend from it. The bark grows unevenly with ring constricts, which makes the roots look like a rosary.
As medicinal raw materials, Ipecacuana root (emetic root) ( Latin Radix Ipecacuanhae ) [5] , which contains 2–2.5% of the total alkaloids, is used . The main one in terms of quantity and effect is emetin [6] , which makes up 70% of the total. The second most alkaloid is cephalein , which contains one methyl group less than emethine and can serve as the basis for its semisynthesis. Other alkaloids are found in trace amounts. In addition to the alkaloids, the root of Ipecacuana contains 2% saponins and the glycoside Ipecacuinin .
Decoction , infusion and Ipecac powder are used in small doses when coughing as expectorants. Large doses act as an emetic. Emethine hydrochloride is used as an injectable solution to treat amoebic dysentery . There is evidence of the effectiveness of emethine hydrochloride in the treatment of shingles [5] .
Carapichea ipecacuanha ( Brot. ) , Kew Bulletin 57 (2): 371 [7] . 2002.
Synonyms
- Callicocca ipecacuanha Brot. basionym
- Cephaelis acuminata H. Karst.
- Cephaelis ipecacuanha ( Brot. ) A.Rich.
- Evea ipecacuanha ( Brot. ) W.Wight
- Ipecacuanha fusca Raf.
- Ipecacuanha officinalis arruda
- Ipecacuanha preta Arruda
- Psychotria ipecacuanha ( Brot. ) Stokes
- Uragoga acuminata ( H. Karst ) Farw.
- Uragoga granatensis Baill.
- Uragoga ipecacuanha ( Brot. ) Baill.
Ipekakuana is repeatedly mentioned in the cycle of short stories by Mikhail Bulgakov “ Notes of a young doctor ”:
And then, although no one demanded from me alone at the lamp an Ipecac woman, I cowardly leafed through the prescription book, checked the Ipecac woman <...> [8]
“Ipecacuana” is the name of the ship in G. Wells ’s novel “ Island of Dr. Moreau, ” on which the main character arrived on the island, where the main events were unfolding. The owner of the ship (who was the captain) was ridiculed by one of the passengers because of this:
Of all the stupid names, he could not choose for a ship better than "Ipecacuan" <...> [9]
- ↑ For the conventionality of indicating the class of dicotyledons as a superior taxon for the plant group described in this article, see the APG Systems section of the Dicotyledonous article .
- ↑ 1 2 BDT, 2008 .
- ↑ 1 2 ESB, 1894 .
- ↑ Francis Galton. The inheritance of talent. - S. Petersburg, 1875 .-- S. 144.
- ↑ 1 2 Blinova, 1990 .
- ↑ Emetin // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- ↑ Kew Bull., 2002 .
- ↑ Text of the story “Towel with a Rooster” in Wikisource .
- ↑ Wells, Herbert Man from Nowhere // Dr. Moro's Island .
- Antonov A.A. Ipekakuana // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1894. - T. XIII.
- Muravyova D.A. Tropical and subtropical medicinal plants. - M .: Medicine, 1983.- 336 p.
- Blinova K.F. et al. Botanical-pharmacognostic dictionary: Ref. allowance / Ed. K.F. Blinova, G.P. Yakovleva. - M .: Higher. school, 1990. - S. 191. - ISBN 5-06-000085-0 .
- Ipekakuana / Golovkin B.N. // Plasma Radiation - Islamic Salvation Front [Electronic resource]. - 2008. - ( Big Russian Encyclopedia : [in 35 vols.] / Ch. Ed. Yu. S. Osipov ; 2004—2017, vol. 11). - ISBN 978-5-85270-342-2 .
- Andersson L. Re-establishment of Carapichea (Rubiaceae, Psychotrieae) // Kew Bulletin . - 2002. - Vol. 57, No. 2 . - P. 363-374. - DOI : 10.2307 / 4111112 .
