Max Gölz ( German: Max Hoelz or Hölz , October 14, 1889 , Moritz , near Riesa , German Empire - September 15, 1933 , Gorky , USSR ) - German revolutionary , one of the active participants and organizers of revolutionary uprisings in Germany in 1920 - 1921 .
| Max Gölz | |
|---|---|
| Max Hoelz / Hölz | |
 Max Gölz with his first wife Traute Löbinger (1928) | |
| Date of Birth | October 14, 1889 |
| Place of Birth | Moritz , Saxony , German Empire |
| Date of death | September 15, 1933 (43 years old) |
| Place of death | Gorky , USSR |
| Citizenship | |
| Occupation | |
| The consignment | |
| Awards |  |
Biography
Royal Hussar, World War I veteran, Knight of the Iron Cross. Member of the Communist Party of Germany (KKE) since 1919 , in 1918 - 1919 - chairman of the workers council in Falkenstein ( Saxony ).
Gölz’s actions were characterized by the manifestation of anarchist tendencies (the militia formed by Geltz from demobilized servicemen, the “armed body of proletarian self-help”, requisitioned money, food and fuel from representatives of the bourgeoisie). For refusing to obey the directives of the Communist Party, he was expelled from its ranks, joined the more radical Communist Workers' Party of Germany, and in 1922 joined the KKE again.
Kappovsky putsch
During the Kappovsky putsch of 1920, Gölz was the leader of the armed workers detachments in Vogtland (Central Germany ) fighting against the reactionaries.
March Uprising
In 1921, during the days of the March battles in Central Germany, Gölz leads the military units he formed that fought against the gendarmerie and government troops. After the suppression of the uprising, he was arrested and sentenced to life imprisonment.
Liberation and Emigration
In 1926, Erich Musam wrote the booklet “Justice for Max Gölz” ( German: Gerechtigkeit für Max Hoelz ), demanding the release of the latter from prison . In 1927, prominent German intellectuals , including Thomas Mann and Albert Einstein , organized the " Neutrales Komitee für Max Hoelz " Neutral Commission for Germany, also advocating for his release.
In 1928, as a result of a mass movement in defense of political prisoners, he was amnestied. In 1929 he emigrated to the USSR . He was awarded the Order of the Red Banner , elected to the Leningrad Council. In 1932 he conducted party work at construction sites in Novokuznetsk.
During his stay in the USSR, he married three times, and twice with girls of school age (on March 14, 1930 he married Olga Golubchik from Velikiye Luki, born 1911, December 29, 1930 - to Elena Serebrovskaya from Leningrad, born 1915, June 21, 1932 - on Ariadne Pugavko from Kolomna, b. 1916)
Gölz died in September 1933, according to the official version, he drowned during a boat trip along the Oka River near Nizhny Novgorod (shortly before it was renamed Gorky). There are also versions of murder and suicide.
He was buried at the Bugrovsky cemetery in Nizhny Novgorod. [1] [2]
Books
- Life is a struggle. - L., 1929.
- From a white cross to a red banner. - M. - L., 1930.
- Anklagerede gegen die bürgerliche Gesellschaft . Gehalten vor dem Moabiter Sondergericht am 22. Juni 1921 in Berlin. 1921
- Vom "Weißen Kreuz" zur Roten Fahne, Jugend-, Kampf- und Zuchthauserlebnisse . Malik Verlag, Berlin; Reprint 1969 Verlag Neue Kritik KG, Frankfurt. ISBN 3-8015-0037-3
Notes
Literature
- Egon Erwin Kisch . Sieben Jahre Justizskandal Max Hoelz. Mopr Verlag, Berlin. 1928