History of Chernozem Region

The epochs of the Upper Paleolithic on the territory of the Black Soil Region include the monuments of Kostenkovsky-Willendorf archeological culture .

The ancient pit cultural and historical community in the Central Chernozem region dates back to the second half of the 3rd millennium BC. e., the catacomb culture - the first half of the II millennium BC. er and Middle Dnieper culture of early and middle bronze - the border of the III — II millennia BC. er

In the Bronze Age on the territory of the Black Soil region there lived carriers of the Abashev culture . Mosolovskoye settlement in Anninsky district of the Voronezh region, near the village of Mosolovka, on the cape of the left bank of the river Bityug is the most thoroughly studied everyday monument of log cabin of cultural and historical community .

In the era of the Iron Age (corresponding to Mediterranean Antiquity), the Baltic peoples of the Bondarikhinsky , Yukhnovskaya and Kolochinsky cultures lived in the Black Earth Region, which are sometimes identified with gerodotic melanhlens .

At the turn of our era, Sarmatians appear on the territory of the Black Soil Region ^[1] , whose descendants are the Alans , who later recognized the power of the Khazar Kaganate . After the defeat of the Khazars in the steppes of Chernozem, the Pechenegs settle. During the heyday of Kievan Rus, the Black Earth was known as Severshchina . Kursk was founded in 1032 . Then, in connection with the raids of the nomads, the Black Earth region declines and becomes known as the northern tip of the Wild Field , where the Nogais wandered. In the XV century, the western Chernozem region became part of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania ( Yagoldaeva darkness ).

As the Muscovite state strengthens, the Chernozem region turns into the southern border of Russia with the Crimea. Border fortresses are built here - Voronezh ( 1585 ), Belgorod ( 1596 ). At the beginning of the XVII century, the region became the site of the Bolotnikov uprising .

During the imperial period, the Chernozem region was transformed into a province divided in 1708 between the Kiev and Azov provinces .

In the years following the October Revolution, the east of the Black Earth region witnessed Mamantov ’s equestrian raid , and later a peasant Tambov rebellion broke out (1920-1921) .

In 1928, the Central Black Earth region was formed with the center in Voronezh . In 1943, the Battle of Kursk took place on the territory of the Black Soil Region.