"Zemsky assembly in the province" (1865)
- This article is about deputies of city councils and zemstvo assemblies in the Russian Empire. For other meanings of the word, see the article Vowel (meanings) .
Vowel - a member of the meeting with a decisive voice in the Russian Empire . Since 1785, members of city councils have been called vowels, and since the introduction of zemstvo institutions , members of zemstvo assemblies, county and provincial [1] . And after the Manifesto of Nicholas II, who established the State Duma , deputies of the lower house of the parliament were also often called vowels by inertia.
Vowels of City Doom
In her "Diploma on the Rights and Benefits of the Cities of the Russian Empire" of 1785, Catherine II for the first time legally drafted the basic principles of local self-government. So, according to paragraph 158 of the letter, in order to compose a vote from real city inhabitants , every three years, real city inhabitants had to gather in each part (district) of the city in order to choose from themselves one vowel in the city duma. And then every vowel of the real city inhabitants was supposed to come to the Mayor. Paragraph 159 affirmed the principles for selecting individual vowels from the merchants :
In order to compose a guild voice, each guild gathers for three years, and selects one Glasnago from each guild by the balls. Each vowel must appear at the Head of the City. [2]
- Catherine II . Diploma on the rights and benefits of the cities of the Russian Empire
According to the City Regulation of 1892 [3] ,
- only persons eligible to vote in elections could be elected to vowels (Art. 43)
- the number of vowels from non-Christians should not exceed one fifth of the total number of vowels (v. 44)
- vowels were elected for four years.
- In cities with no more than one hundred voters, there were 20 vowels in the Duma. Where the number of voters was more than one hundred, for every fifty voters above this number, three vowels were added until their number reached:
- in the capitals - 160,
- in provincial cities with a population of over one hundred thousand and in the city of Odessa - 80,
- in provincial, regional, part of city administrations and significant district cities - 60,
- in other urban settlements - 40 (Article 56)
- vowels did not have immunity. On the contrary, vowels brought to justice were eliminated from the Duma until the end of court proceedings (Article 59)
Vowels of Zemstvo meetings
Notes
- ↑ Vowel // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- ↑ Complete collection of laws of the Russian Empire since 1649. Volume 22. Printed in Printing House II of His Imperial Majesty’s Own Office. 1830
- ↑ City position with legislative motives, explanations and additional legalizations. Compiled by S. G. Shcheglovitov. - St. Petersburg, 1892