Steam locomotive 18-01 ( steam locomotive “Friend” - behind the inscription “Friend” on smoke chimneys, factory designation 67L o ) - an experienced passenger steam locomotive of Czechoslovak production. He entered the USSR in 1951 from Czechoslovakia as a gift for the 70th anniversary of Joseph Stalin .
| 18-01 ("Friend") | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Production | |
| Country of construction | Czechoslovakia |
| Factory | Skoda |
| Years of construction | 1949 |
| Total built | one |
| Technical details | |
| Axial formula | 2-4-1 |
| Steam train length | 15 100 mm |
| Wheel diameter | 880 mm |
| Diameter of driving wheels | 1624 mm |
| Wheel diameter | 1150 mm |
| Track width | 1524 mm |
| The operating weight of the engine | 108.2 t |
| Adhesion weight | 72.0 t |
| Rail axle load | 18 tf |
| Construction speed | 100 km / h |
| Steam pressure in the boiler | 20 kgf / cm² |
| Complete evaporative heating surface of the boiler | 201.0 m² |
| Type of superheater | single-minded Schmidt |
| Superheater heating surface | 63.3 m² |
| Grate area | 4.3 m² |
| Steam engine | compound |
| Number of cylinders | 3 |
| Bore | 500/580 mm |
| Piston stroke | 660 mm |
| Exploitation | |
| A country |  the USSR |
| Road | Moscow-Kursk |
Description
In 1949, 4 steam locomotives of the 2-4-1 type were manufactured at the Skoda plant, which received the factory designation 67L o and the designation of the series 476.0 . In 1951, a steam locomotive numbered 2679 entered the Soviet railways as a gift to Stalin. On his chimney shields were inscribed "Friend." The locomotive received the designation 18-01 and was sent to the Moscow-Passenger depot of the Moscow-Kursk railway .
A distinctive feature of the engine was the presence of a three-cylinder compound machine - for the first time on the Soviet railways. 2 low-pressure cylinders were located horizontally outside, and a high-pressure cylinder - between the sheets of the frame with an inclination of 1: 8.3. The driving axis was the 2nd driving axis, which was cranked, since forces were transmitted to it via connecting rods not only from the external cylinders, but also from the middle high-pressure cylinder. In this case, the fingers of the connecting rods of the outer cylinders were located to each other at an angle of 90 ° (as on conventional two-cylinder locomotives), and the crank of the middle cylinder with respect to the outer was shifted by 135 °. The axis of the first driving wheelset was also bent to prevent it from touching the connecting rod of the high-pressure cylinder.
The locomotive frame was made squared with a sidewall thickness of 80 mm. Spring suspension was performed three-point (statically determinable). The furnace was made of steel, equipped with thermosiphons and two boiling pipes . To increase the efficiency of the locomotive, the steam pressure in the boiler was raised to 20 kgf / cm² - one of the highest among Soviet locomotives (only the experienced B5 had higher - 80 kgf / cm²).
Since on the Soviet railways this steam locomotive was practically the only example of a new design for that time, it was not regularly operated. In 1967, the engine was expelled from the inventory park.
Literature
- V.A. Rakov . Passenger locomotives types 2-3-0, 2-3-1, 2-4-0, 2-4-1. // Locomotives of domestic railways 1845-1955. - 2nd, revised and supplemented. - Moscow: "Transport", 1995. - S. 346–348. - ISBN 5-277-00821-7 .