Elizabeth Stuart ( born Elizabeth Stuart ; , - , ) - the Anglo- Scottish Princess of the Stuart family, the grandmother of George of Hanover , who in 1714 succeeded Stuart on the British throne.
| Elizabeth Stewart | |||||||
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| Elizabeth Stuart | |||||||
 Elizabeth Stewart, artist Gerrit van Honthorst | |||||||
 Stuart Dynasty (England) | |||||||
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| Coronation | November 4, 1619 | ||||||
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| Children | sons : , Karl Ludwig , Rupert , Moritz , Ludwig, Edward , Philip Friedrich and daughters : Elizabeth , Louise Holland , , and Sofia | ||||||
Biography
Elizabeth was the eldest daughter of the King of Scotland (from 1603 England) Jacob VI (I) and his wife Anna of Denmark . It was named after Elizabeth I. The younger brother of the princess, Charles I , in 1625 inherited the English and Scottish thrones.
In 1605, participants in the Gunpowder plot planned to kill King James I and raise his nine-year-old daughter Elizabeth to the English throne to ensure the restoration of Catholicism in England. The plot was uncovered, and its organizers executed.
In 1613, Elizabeth Stuart married elector Palatinate Frederick V , leader of the Evangelical Union of German Protestant princes. During the wedding, William Shakespeare presented the newlyweds with his new play, The Tempest .
This marriage laid the foundation for a lasting alliance between England and the Protestant states of Germany , which played an important role in international relations in Europe in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.
Queen of Bohemia
In 1619, Frederick the Palatinate was elected by the rebel Czech estates king of the Czech Republic, which served as the occasion for the start of the Thirty Years War . Elizabeth Stewart was crowned Queen of Bohemia on November 7, 1619, three days after the coronation of her husband as King of Bohemia [5] . The reign of Frederick in the Czech Republic was short-lived; already in 1620, the emperor's troops defeated the Czech army at the Battle of the White Mountain and expelled Frederick. The short reign in the Czech Republic brought Elizabeth Stuart the nickname "Winter Queen."
After a series of defeats from the imperial troops and the occupation of the Palatinate, Frederick V and Elizabeth moved to The Hague , where the former Czech king died in 1632. Elizabeth Stewart remained in Holland , even after in 1648 her son Charles I Ludwig was reinstated on the throne of the Elector of Palatinate.
After the Restoration of the Stuarts on the English throne in 1660, Elizabeth returned to London , where she died in 1662.
Marriage and children
- (1613) Frederick V , Elector of the Palatinate
- (1614-1629), drowned.
- Charles I Ludwig (1617-1680), under the terms of the Peace of Westphalia in 1648, restored the title of Elector.
- Elizabeth (1618–1680)
- Rupert (1619–1682), Duke of Cumberland
- Moritz (1620-1654)
- Louise Holland (1622-1709)
- Ludwig (1624-1625), died in infancy.
- Edward (1625-1663)
- (1626–1651)
- Philip Friedrich (1627-1650)
- (1628-1631)
- Sofia (1630-1714); husband from 1658 Ernst August , Elector of Hanover , mother of George I , King of Great Britain
- (1632–1651)
Genealogy
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 RKDartists
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Encyclopædia Britannica
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 FemBio
- ↑ 1 2 German National Library , Berlin State Library , Bavarian State Library , etc. Record # 119352540 // General regulatory control (GND) - 2012—2016.
- ↑ Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, National Museum of Antiquities of Scotland; Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland ; Museum, 2001
Literature
- The Correspondence of Elizabeth Stuart, Queen of Bohemia (1632-1642) / Nadine Akkerman. - Oxford University Press, 2011 .-- Vol. 2.
Links
- Lisa Jardine A Point of View: The Winter Queen of Bohemia . BBC News Magazine. Date of treatment March 25, 2013. Archived April 4, 2013.