"Ostekhbyuro" (abbr. From the Special Technical Bureau for Military Inventions of Special Purpose ) is a Soviet experimental design and research organization for the creation of promising models of military equipment [1] , established at the Supreme Economic Council of the USSR by decree of the Council of Labor and Defense of July 18, 1921 g. [2] .
Content
- 1 History of creation
- 1.1 Transfer of the Ostekhbyuro from Leningrad to Moscow
- 2 Activities
- 2.1 Bemi devices
- 2.2 "Pygmy"
- 3 End of Ostechburo
- 4 See also
- 5 notes
- 6 Literature
- 7 References
Creation History
The mandate for the leadership of the Ostekhbyuro, signed by the chairman of the Council of Labor and Defense V. Ulyanov (Lenin) , the chairman of the Supreme Economic Council, P. A. Bogdanov, and the secretary of the service station, L. A. Fotieva , was received by inventor Vladimir Ivanovich Bekauri , known for his inventions in the military field [3] .
From 1921 to 1929, the Ostekhbyuro consisted of three main scientific and technical departments that were engaged in the development of naval, aircraft and radio telemechanical weapons for the army and navy [4] .
Transfer of the Ostekhbyuro from Leningrad to Moscow
November 30, 1927 V. I. Bekauri reported to the government commission "On the organization and transfer of part of the work of the Ostekhbyuro to Moscow." The transfer was completed in 1935 after the decision of the USSR Government on May 8, 1935 “On the transfer of the Ostekhbyuro to Moscow” [5] . After the majority of the laboratories were transferred to Moscow, Gulag prisoners also began to work in the bureau; from a secret design bureau it turned into a " sharashka " [6] . In Leningrad, there was a branch with a nautical theme. In Moscow, the Ostekhbyuro was located on Sadovo-Chernogryazskaya Street , house number 6. It occupied several buildings. Until October 1941, the Ostekhbyuro was at this address.
Activities
The bureau consisted of six “parts” (units): special, aviation, diving, explosives, electrical, experimental research. Until 1926, the Torpedo mine factory was in charge of the Ostekhbyuro. [2] According to the decree of the Council of People 's Commissars of June 3, 1930, the Ostekhbyuro was transferred to the People's Commissariat for Military and Naval Affairs of the USSR . According to the regulations of August 28, 1930, the bureau was engaged in the development and implementation of "inventions and new military designs in the field of aviation, telemechanics, radio communications, and weapons of the Navy."
Bemi devices
By the end of 1924, the first samples of devices for controlling explosions at a distance using radio waves were created in Ostekhbyuro. They received the name "Bemi" by the initial letters of the names of Bekauri and his associate V. F. Mitkevich , who later became an academician of the USSR Academy of Sciences . In 1929, after successful tests and with the support of the People's Commissar for Military and Naval Affairs M.V. Frunze , the Bemi were adopted by the Red Army [7] . In 1932, as part of the Special Red Banner Far Eastern Army, a special-purpose company was formed, armed with Bemi devices [8] .
Bekauri and his associates focused on radio control and achieved significant success. Radio mines , teletanks , an ultra-small submarine were created, attempts were made to create a radio-controlled aircraft (several decades before the UAV ) [9] .
Pygmy
This ultra-small submarine became the hero of a film in the series "Searchers." It was called "Pygmy", unfortunately, after the execution of Bekauri, the submarine remained in a single copy and was at the Ostekhbyuro naval range in Balaklava before the start of World War II . After the accidental capture of the Pygmy near Feodosia, the creators of the Italian ultra-small submarine came to see the trophy and were amazed at its technical characteristics. In 1942, the Germans wanted to take this single specimen to Germany . But an emergency occurred, which led to the fact that the boat sank. And so, in the 80s near Feodosia a group of divers found an unknown submarine of ultra-small length. It was on this trail that the presenter of the series “Searchers” A. F. Khoroshev [10] was able to find this ultra-small submarine, which was considered a myth, at a depth of about 50 meters.
The End of Ostehbyuro
During the period of Stalinist repressions in 1937, Bekauri was arrested and executed on February 8, 1938 [11] . On April 11, 1937, the Ostekhbyuro was transferred to the People’s Commissariat of the Defense Industry (NKOP USSR) . On July 20, 1937, it was reorganized into the Special Technical Administration (Ostekhmanagement) of the USSR People's Commissariat of Public Education . By the decree of the NKOP dated September 8, 1937, the Okhtekhgupravlenie was divided into three independent branch institutes: NII-20, NII-22, NII-36 [2] . Currently, the developer of weapons for the Navy is the Concern Marine Underwater Weapons - Hydropribor .
See also
- Asafov, Alexey Nikolaevich
- Bekhterev, Pyotr Vladimirovich
- Grokhovsky, Pavel Ignatievich
- Dunda, Joseph Boleslavovich
Notes
- ↑ Ostekhbyuro // Military Encyclopedia / Grachev P.S. - Moscow: Military Publishing House, 2002. - T. 6. - S. 176. - ISBN 5-203-01873-1 .
- ↑ 1 2 3 SPECIAL TECHNICAL BUREAU FOR MILITARY INVENTIONS (<STEKHBURO>) NARCOM FOR THE DEFENSE INDUSTRY OF THE USSR Archive copy of March 7, 2016 at Wayback Machine Central State Archive of St. Petersburg. Guide. Volume 1. 2002
- ↑ ACCORDING TO THE LENIN DECREE
- ↑ History of VNIIRT (inaccessible link) . Date of treatment October 12, 2011. Archived on August 10, 2011.
- ↑ Smirnov S.A., Zubkov V.I. BRIEF STORIES OF THE HISTORY OF VNIIRT 1996
- ↑ Kryuchkov, Yuri UNDER THE STRAWN REPRESSION GRINDERS unopened (inaccessible link) . Evening Nikolaev (October 20, 2007). Date of treatment May 1, 2008. Archived March 1, 2012.
- ↑
RUSSIAN STATE MILITARY ARCHIVEThe Secretariat of the First Deputy People's Commissar of Defense of the USSR. 1919-1941 F. 33988. 18 cases (partially declassified).
... reports of the deputy. Chairman of the RVSR, Chief of Staff of the Red Army on measures to introduce the BEMI high explosive device into service with the Red Army, protocols of the Commission at the Headquarters of the Red Army on testing BEMI devices ... - ↑ Harchenko V.K. ... Special Purpose M .: Military Publishing House, 264 pp., 1973
- ↑ The first Soviet torpedo was created in Ostekhburo
- ↑ Andrei I. Andrei Fedorovich Khoroshev
- ↑
Smirnov S.A. Zubkov V.I. BRIEF STORIES OF THE HISTORY OF VNIIRT 1996In 1937, V.I. Bekauri was arrested and executed on February 8, 1938. After 18 years, the daughter of Bekauri Nina Vasilievna received an official notice of the innocence of her father. The document said: “I inform you that the materials available to the Military Collegium of the USSR Supreme Court contain materials stating that on February 8, 1938, convicted Vladimir Ivanovich Bekauri for espionage activities in Germany’s determination by the Supreme Court of the USSR of June 9, 1956, was rehabilitated. The verdict of the Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR was canceled due to newly discovered circumstances, and the case was dismissed. ”
Literature
- Smirnov S. A., Zubkov V. I. A BRIEF STORY OF VNIIRT HISTORY - 1996
- Shoshkov E. N. Center for Counter-Revolution. - Central Research Institute "Granite", 1990
- Shoshkov E. N. Repressed Ostekhbyuro / Historical collections. Vol. 3. St. Petersburg: Memorial, 1995. - 206 p.
- Monetchikov S. Technique of special secrecy // Brother: Monthly magazine of special forces. - M .: Vityaz-Bratishka LLC, 2007. - No. 12 . - S. 58-62 .
Links
- Efrussi Y. I. Who is on the "E"? - M.: Return, 1996 .-- 91 p.