“Guilty without Guilt” - a play by A. N. Ostrovsky (1881–1883), a classic example of a melodrama . In connection with this play, it is legitimate to speak about intragenre synthesis, since the structure of the play combines the features of comedy , realistic household and psychological drama . But despite this, the play has a main melodramatic setting: first, the plot, in which all the action takes place around the “suffering” heroine; the motives are an unhappy mother, the death of a child and the betrayal of a loved one. Secondly, it is characteristic of melodrama: a change of names (in act 1, the heroine is called Lyubov Ivanovna Otradina, in act 2 she is called Elena Ivanovna Kruchinina). Of course, the names, which are typical of Ostrovsky, say: joy - joy and twist - sadness. Third, a happy ending.
Guilty without guilt | |
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Photo of the scenery of the 4th performance of the play, Maly Theater , early 1917 | |
Genre | play |
Author | Alexander Ostrovsky |
Original language | Russian |
Date of writing | 1881–1883 |
Date of first publication | “ Domestic Notes ”, No. 1, 1884 |
Creation History
Ostrovsky began working on the play in the summer of 1881, then traveled to the Caucasus, where he stayed for more than a month. Returning from this trip on November 3, resumed work on the play. December 7, 1883 the play was over. In a note on “The Rules for Awards for Dramatic Works”, dated 1884, the playwright on the play “Guilty Without Guilt” wrote: “This is almost the fiftieth of my original work and very dear to me in many respects: for finishing he spent a lot of work and energy, it was written after a trip to the Caucasus, under the impressions of an enthusiastic reception that the Tiflis audience provided me. I wanted to show the Russian public that the author honored it did not rest on its laurels, that he also wanted to work and give it to us the pleasures that she loves and for which she honors him. Then this work was created extremely successfully: I suddenly came up with artistic considerations that were available only to young forces, which I did not dare to count on in my summers. You can hardly wait for repetitions of such a happy mood " (A. N. Ostrovsky. About the theater. Notes, speeches, letters, ed. "Art", 1941, p.138).
Characters
- Lyubov Ivanovna Otradina, a girl of noble birth / Elena Ivanovna Kruchinina, a famous provincial actress.
- Taisa Ilinishna Shelavina, maid, companion Otradina.
- Grigory Murov, a young man from the provincial officials.
- Annushka, maid Otradina.
- Arina Galchikha, bourgeois.
- Neil Stratonych Dudukin, a rich gentleman.
- Nina Pavlovna Korinkina, actress.
- Gregory Neznamov,
- Shmaga - artists of the provincial theater.
- Ivan, the servant in the hotel.
- Milovzorov Peter, the first lover.
- Guests and servants.
Story
The focus of Ostrovsky is the character of a strong and strong-willed woman who is able to rise spiritually after the heavy blows of fate. All these years (after the 1st act 17 years have passed) she lived with constant inner pain. But she was able to withstand, despite all the misfortunes, and to realize herself in the works. She became a famous actress. All the pain, once experienced in her youth, she embodied on stage. The actress has become the darling of the public. Of course, she appeared and envious. But in spite of everything, she remains a good person who does not wish evil to anyone. She forgives everything and helps.
There is an opposite character in the play - this is Kruchinina’s former beloved man and the father of her son Grisha. His name is Murov. He deceives all and betrays. Of course, Kruchinina could never forgive him, he did too much to her.
But in the end everything ends well: an unhappy mother acquires a supposedly long-dead son. She recognizes him in the actor Neznamov medallion. Neznamov (who does not know his origin) for the first time feels the great power of love.
According to the laws of the genre, vice is punished, and kindness is rewarded.
Characters
Interestingly, Ostrovsky’s statement about Neznamov’s image: “Neznamov for prying eyes,” the playwright wrote, “is neither more nor less than a young tavern hero, and that is how he should appear before the public. In his youth, he cannot be a tempered insolent with his head up, or a gloomy man who has lost faith in life and people; he still does not know much, has not seen much. He is half drunk, with a cocky look; but the audacity of him is stowed by some embarrassment. He knows the provincial actresses and does not respect them, so he considers himself as if he has the right to say rudeness to them, but at the same time he is clever and understands that it is too early for him to judge other people’s vices, and cannot get rid of embarrassment. And in a sarcastic smile he has the blush of youth and embarrassment. When he realized that he had met a pure nature he had never seen before, he was stunned, he opened his mouth in surprise; he is lost, he is searching and cannot find a tone; his previous conversation seemed to him not only impertinent, but, what is even more terrible for him, stupid. Neznamov is very difficult to play: there is both bad and good in him, and all this must be manifested in gestures and tone; bad in him: lack of education, bold tone and manners acquired in a provincial troupe; good: the consciousness of offended human dignity, which is expressed in him, although strongly, but with more sincere bitterness than with indignant protest, from which his ranks are more touching ”(Ostrovsky in letters and memoirs.“ Yezheg. Imp. Theaters ”, 1910 , issue VI, pp. 53-54).
Stages
The premiere of the play was shown at the Maly Theater in 1884. The play was originally intended by Ostrovsky for the Moscow Maly Theater, the role of Neznamov was written specifically for Konstantin Rybakov , and the role of Korinkina for Nadezhda Nikulina .
“Guilty without guilt” is one of the most repertory plays of the Russian theater.
- The first production - January 15, 1884 in the Maly Theater , in the benefit performance of Nikulina as Korinkina. The remaining roles: Kruchinina - Fedotova , Neznamov - K. Rybakov , Shelavina - Umanets-Raiskaya , Shmaga - Muzil , Murov - Uzhin , Galchikha - Sadovskaya , Dudukin - Maksheev , Milovzor - Aleksandrov , Annushka - Muzil-Borozdina ).
Among the subsequent productions at the Maly Theater: ( March 4, 1908 ; dir. And performer of the role of Dudukina - Lensky , Kruchinina - Yermolov , Neznamov - Ostuzhev , Korinkina - Yablochkina , Shelavina - Ryzhova , Shmaga - Sashin , Galchikha - Sadovskaya, Murov - Ryzhov , Milovzorov - Khudoleyev , Annushka - Pashennaya ).
- January 20, 1884 to the Alexandrinsky Theater (Kruchinina - Strepetova , Neznamov - Marius Petipa , Korinkina - Dyuzhikova , Shelavin - Khlebnikov, Shmaga - Davydov , Moores - Lensky, Galchiha - Lena, Dudukin - Zubov , Milovzorov - Kashirin, Anna - Gusev ).
Subsequent productions at the Alexandrinsky Theater: ( Oct. 7, 1910. Kruchinina - Savina , Neznamov - Fedotov, Shmaga - Petrovsky , Korinkina - Pototskaya , Galchikha - Sharovieva).
- Studio of the Maly Theater, Moscow (1930; director: Kaverin; Kruchinina - Polovikova , Neznamov - Vecheslov , Shmaga - Olenev ); branch of Maly t-ra (1940; dir. Pashennaya and Alekseev, art. Juon ; Kruchinina - Pashennaya , Neznamov - Tsarev , Korinkina - Gogoleva , Shmaga - Ilyinsky , Dudukin - Klimov , Galchikha - Ryzhov );
- Theater them. Vakhtangov (1937; dir. Rappoport , art. Goncharov, comp. Khrennikov ; Kruchinina - Orochko , Neznamov - Moskvin , later - A. Abrikosov , Korinkina - Alekseeva , Shmaga - Goryunov , Dudukin - Zakhava );
- Leningrad Theater. Lenin Komsomol (1938; director: Alien, art. Konstantinovsky and Tovbin; Kruchinina - Medvedev, Neznamov - Chestnokov , Shmaga - Tolubeyev );
- Theater of a name of the Leningrad Council (1939; dir. D.M. Dudnikov, Kruchinina - T. Yakobson, Neznamov - D. Radlov)
- Moscow Chamber Theater (1944; director: Tairov , art. Ryndin ; Kruchinina - Koonen , Shmaga - Gaydeburov );
- Theater them. Mossovet (1948; dir. Zavadsky , art. Vinogradov; Kruchinina - Maretskaya , Neznamov - Konsovsky , Shmaga - Abdulov ).
- 1977 - Moscow Drama Theater. A.S. Pushkin
- 1993 - “ Guilty without guilt (performance, 1993) ”. Theater them. Evg. Vakhtangov . Fast. P. N. Fomenko
- 2000 - Moscow Art Theater. M. Gorky . Dir. and isp. role Kruchinina - T. V. Doronin .
- 2004 - Moscow State Musical Theater under the direction of Gennady Chikhachev . Production Director - Hon. Artist of Russia, Hon. Russian artist Gennady Chikhachev. Kruchinina - winner of the international competition Elena Sokolova . Shmaga - h. R. v. Moscow Vyacheslav Amosov;
- 2005 - Drama Theater of the Republic of Karelia "Creative Workshop" . Director - Nar. art. Of Russia Ivan Petrov , Kruchinina - Zasl. art. RF Nar. art. Karelia Elena Bychkova .
- 2006 - NGDT “Old House” . Director and artist - Sergey Bobrovsky. Elena Ivanovna Kruchinina - Nar. art. RF Khalida Ivanova
- 2009 - Voronezh Academic Drama Theater named after A. V. Koltsov . Director - People's Artist of Armenia Vahe Shahverdyan . In the role of Kruchinina Honored Artist of Russia Nadezhda Leonova .
- 2011 - Yekaterinburg Theater of the Young Spectator . Directed by - Grigory Dityatkovsky . Composer - Nikolay Morozov . In the role of Kruchinina - Svetlana Zamaraeva In the role of Murov - Ilya Skvortsov . [1] .
- 2012 - Stavropol Drama Theater .
- 2014 - Altai Drama Theater .
- 2017 - St. Petersburg State Youth Theater on Fontanka . Director - Honored Art Worker of the Republic of Karelia Andrei Andreev . Otradina - Honored Artist of Russia Ekaterina Untilova , Murov - People’s Artist of Russia Valery Kukhareshin , Dudukin - Konstantin Vorobyov , Korinkina - Regina Schukina , Neznamov - Andrey Nekrasov , Shmaga - Alexander Cherkashin , etc.
Screenshots
- 1945 - the film “Guilty without guilt” . Dir. V.M. Petrov .
- 1985 - TV version of the performance of the Maly Theater. Staging Khokhryakova V., Burdonsky A.
- 1993 - the TV play "Guilty Without Guilt" directed by Peter Fomenko in the Theater. Evg. Vakhtangov
- 2008 - TV movie "Guilty without Guilt" . Dir. G. A. Panfilov .
Notes
- ↑ “Guilty without guilt” - soon the premiere! (inaccessible link)