An unencumbered (unbroken) vowel of the middle row of an upper lift is a vowel sound used in some spoken languages. In MFAs, this sound is transmitted using the ɨ sign, in X-SAMPA, this sound is transmitted by the sign 1 (“one”).
| Unclaimed vowel of the middle row of the upper lift | |
|---|---|
| ɨ | |
Picture
| |
| MFA number | 317 |
| Unicode (hex) | U + 268 |
| HTML (decimal) | & # 616; |
| X-SAMPA | one |
| Kirshenbaum | i " |
| Braille IFA | |
| Other designations | ï |
Examples
| Tongue | Word | MFA | Value | Notes | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ache | eu | [? ɨ] | 'see' | Asik [1] and Al-Ahmadi Al-Harbi [2] describe this sound in exactly this way, and [3] describes it as [ɯ] | |
| Amharic | ሥር | [sɨr] | 'root' | Often pronounced as <ə> | |
| angor | h ü f | [xɨβə] | 'hot' | ||
| English | ros e s | [ˈɹoʊzɨz] | 'roses' | Reduced vowel sound in some dialects; corresponds to unstressed [ɪ] in other dialects. See the article English phonology . | |
| guarani | y v y | [ɨʋɨ] | 'land' | ||
| Irish | s ao l | [sɨɫ] | 'a life' | ||
| Kaingang | f y | [ɸɨ] | 'seed' | ||
| Araucanian | trukü r | [tʴuˈkɨɹ] | 'fog' | ||
| Polish [4] | m y sz | [mɨʂ] listen | 'mouse' | ||
| Portuguese | European | E spanha e stepe | [ ɨš'paɲɐ ] [ ɨš'tɛpɇ ] | 'Spain' 'steppe' | In unstressed syllables. According to M.P. Maznyak and E. S. Nikolaeva, a Portuguese portuguese, in the European version of the Portuguese language, a reduced or aspirate sound [ɨ] “is found only at the beginning of a word before a hissing consonant, followed by another consonant. In spelling, it is most often designated [Portuguese grapheme] e ” [5] [6] . Allophone / ə /. |
| Romanian | î not | [ɨˈnot] | 'I'm swimming' | ||
| Russian [7] | you | [tɨ] | 'you' | Only after non-palatal consonants. See the article Russian phonetics | |
| sahaptin [8] | [kʼsɨt] | 'cold' | Epenteza ; no elongated equivalent. | ||
| Siriono [9] | [eˈsɨ] | 'dry wood' | |||
| Swedish | b i | [bɨ:] | 'bee' | In the dialects of Nerke and Bohuslän , as well as in the social societies of Stockholm and Gothenburg . | |
| stupid | y b y | [ɨβɨ] | 'land' | ||
| Võru dialect | s y sar | [sɨsarʲ] | 'sister' | ||
| Welsh | northern dialects [10] | ll u n | [ɬɨːn] | 'picture' | |
| Zapotec | tilkyapan [11] | n ɨ | [nɨ] | 'be sour' | |
Notes
- ↑ Asyik, Abdul Gani. The agreement system in Acehnese ( Neopr .) // Mon-Khmer Studies. - 1982. - T. 11 . - p . 1-33 . Archived June 5, 2013.
- ↑ Al-Ahmadi Al-Harbi, Awwad Ahmad (2003), " Acehnese coda condition: An optimality-theoretic account ", Umm Al-Qura T. 15: 9-21 , < http: //roa.rutgers.edu/files/594-0403/594-0403-AL-HARBI-0-0 > . Retrieved June 1, 2009. Archive dated July 29, 2009 on Wayback Machine
- ↑ PowWeb Archived July 14, 2010.
- Jassem (2003 : 105)
- ↑ Maznyak, Nikolaev, 2013 , Lesson 1. 3.7. Phoneme [ɨ], p. 39
- ↑ Maznyak, Nikolaev, 2013 , Lesson 6. 2.2. Phoneme [ɨ], p. 87
- ↑ Jones & Ward (1969 : 33)
- ↑ Hargus & Beavert (2002 )
- ↑ Firestone (1965 :?)
- ↑ Ball (1984 :?)
- ↑ Merrill (2008 : 109)
Literature
| Front | Unstressed front | Average | Unstressed rear | Rear | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Upper | • i y • ɨ ʉ • ɯ u • ɪ ʏ • ɪ̈ ʊ̈ • ɯ̽ ʊ • e ø • ɘ ɵ • ɤ o • e̞ ̞̞ • ə ɵ̞ • ɤ̞ o̞ • ɛ œ • ɜ ɞ • ʌ ɔ • æ • ɐ ɞ̞ • a ɶ • ä ɒ̈ • ɑ ɒ | ||||
| Unstressed upper | |||||
| Middle upper | |||||
| Average | |||||
| Mid-bottom | |||||
| Unstressed lower | |||||
| Lower | |||||
Vowel pairs: unclaimed • rounded | |||||
- Maznyak M.M. , Nikolaev E.S. An introductory phonetic course of the Portuguese language with grammatical comments / Reviewers M.V. Zelikov , A.V. Rodossky , J. Dos Reis. - Textbook.-method. allowance. - SPb. : S.-Petersburg Publishing House University, 2013. - 212 p. - (Linguistics). - 120 copies - ISBN 978-5-288-05470-9 .
- Ball, Martin J. (1984), "Phonetics for phonology", in Ball, Martin J. & Jones, GE, Welsh Phonology , Cardiff: University of Wales Press, ISBN 0-7083-0861-9
- Campbell, Lyle; Kaufman, Terrence & Smith-Stark, Thomas C (1986), "Meso-America as a linguistic area", Language T. 62 (3): 530-570
- Firestone, Homer L. (1965), "A Tupí-Guaraní language.", Janua linguarum, Series Practica , London: Mouton & Co
- Gómez, Paula. (1999). Huichol de San Andrés Cohamiata, Jalisco . Archivo de lenguas indígenas de México. México: El Colegio de México, Centro de Estudios.
- Hargus, Sharon & Beavert, Virginia (2002), "Predictable versus Underlying Vocalism in Yakima Sahaptin", International Journal of American Linguistics T. 68 (3): 316
- Jassem, Wiktor (2003), "Polish", Journal of the International Phonetic Association, T. 33 (1): 103–107
- Jones, Daniel. The Phonetics of Daniel / Jones, Ward Dennis. - Cambridge University Press, 1969.
- Koehn, Edward; & Koehn, Sally. (1986). Apalai. In DC Derbyshire & GK Pullum (Eds.), Handbook of Amazonian linguistics (Vol. 1, pp. 33-127). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.
- Merrill, Elizabeth (2008), Tilquipan Zapotec, Journal of the International Phonetic Association, vol. 38 (1): 107–114
- Payne, Doris L .; & Payne, Thomas E. (1990). Yagua. In DC Derbyshire & GK Pullum (Eds.), Handbook of Amazonian linguistics (Vol. 2, pp. 252-474). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.