Haplogroup M (P256) is a haplogroup of the human DNA Y chromosome. The modern definition was introduced by T. M. Karafet in 2008, when the previous haplogroup tree of 2006 was partially revised [1] . Prior to the discovery of marker P256, the current subgroup M1 (which was defined by marker M4) represented the entire haplogroup M, while the current subgroups M2 and M3 were previously considered as subgroups K1 and K7 of the parent haplogroup K. The haplogroup M 2017 tree version is currently available [2] .
| Haplogroup M | |
|---|---|
 | |
| Type of | Y DNA |
| Appearance time | 32,000 - 47,000 years ago |
| Place of occurrence | Southeast Asia or Oceania (Melanesia) |
| Ancestral group | K |
| Nursing groups | L , P , NO , S , T |
| Mutation Markers | P256 |
Content
Origin
Haplogroup M = K2b1b comes from subclades K2b1 of haplogroup K. It is believed that haplogroup M arose approx. 45.4 thousand years ago [3] .
Distribution
Subgroups
M-M4
Typical of the Papuans .
M-M104
Typical for the population of the Bismarck archipelago and the Bougainville island [4] .
M-M353
Found in small quantities on the Solomon Islands and Fiji .
M-P34
Found in Papua New Guinea and Indonesia [5] .
M-P117
Found in Melanesia .
Notes
- ↑ Y-DNA Haplogroup Tree 2008
- ↑ Y-DNA Haplogroup M and its Subclades - 2017
- ↑ M YTree
- ↑ Laura Scheinfeldt, Françoise Friedlaender, Jonathan Friedlaender, Krista Latham, George Koki, Tatyana Karafet, Michael Hammer and Joseph Lorenz, "Unexpected NRY Chromosome Variation in Northern Island Melanesia," Molecular Biology and Evolution 2006 23 (8): 1628-1641
- ↑ Balinese Y-Chromosome Perspective on the Peopling of Indonesia: Genetic Contributions from Pre-Neolithic Hunter-Gatherers, Austronesian Farmers, and Indian Traders , Tatiana M. Karafet, JS Lansing, Alan J. Redd, Joseph C. Watkins, SPK Surata, WA Arthawiguna, Laura Mayer, Michael Bamshad, Lynn B. Jorde, and Michael F. Hammer, Human Biology (Feb. 2005)
See also
| Y-chromosome Adam | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| A0-t | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| A00 | A0 | A1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| A1a | A1b | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| A1b1 | BT | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| B | CT | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| DE | CF | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| D | E | C | F | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| F1 F2 F3 GHIJK | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| G | Hijk | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| H | IJK | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Ij | K | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| I | J | LT (K1) | K2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| L (K1a) | T (K1b) | K2a / K2a1 / NO / NO1 | K2b | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| N | O | K2b1 | P (K2b2) / P1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| S (K2b1a) | M (K2b1b) | Q | R | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Links
- ISOGG 2016 Y-DNA Haplogroup M
- Spread of Haplogroup M , from National Geographic