Gamma-aminobutyric acid (aminalon) is a nootropic drug . Historically, aminalon is the first nootropic drug [1] .
| Gamma Aminobutyric Acid | |
|---|---|
| Gamma-aminobutyric acid | |
 | |
| Chemical compound | |
| IUPAC | 4-aminobutanoic acid |
| Gross formula | C 4 H 9 N O 2 |
| Cas | |
| PubChem | |
| Classification | |
| Farmakol. Group | Nootropics |
| ATX | |
| Dosage Forms | |
| coated tablets | |
| Other names | |
| Aminalon, Gamma Aminobutyric Acid, Gammalon | |
Content
- 1 History
- 2 Pharmacological action
- 3 Application
- 4 Pharmacokinetics
- 5 Contraindications
- 6 side effects
- 7 Storage
- 8 Notes
History
Gamma-aminobutyric acid was discovered in 1950 [1] . It was first sold in the 1960s in Japan as a medicine called gammalon ( γ¬ γ¬ γ γ γ³ ) [1] . It was assumed that this drug is able to improve brain metabolic processes, have a sedative effect , contribute to the restoration of brain functions after cerebrovascular accidents and injuries [1] . In the USSR, the drug appeared in the 1970s under the name aminalon [1] .
Initially, aminalon was widely used in mental retardation and in gerontological practice , but subsequently it turned out that this drug is not highly effective (presumably due to poor penetration through the blood-brain barrier) [1] .
Pharmacological action
Nootropic agent, restores metabolic processes in the brain , promotes the utilization of glucose by the brain [2] and the removal of toxic metabolic products from it. It increases the productivity of thinking, improves memory, favorably affects the restoration of movements and speech after a violation of cerebral circulation , has a mild psychostimulating effect [2] . It has a slight hypotensive effect, reduces the initially elevated blood pressure and severity of symptoms caused by hypertension ( dizziness , insomnia ), slightly reduces the heart rate . It has a moderate antihypoxic and anticonvulsant effect. In patients with diabetes, it reduces the glucose content, with a normal blood glucose content it has the opposite effect (due to glycogenolysis ).
Application
It is used for vascular pathology of the brain in order to increase mental and motor activity, alcoholic encephalopathies and polyneuritis, and mental retardation [1] . The indication is also encephalopathic and cerebrosthenic manifestations due to persistent and dynamic disorders of cerebral circulation ( hypertension , post-traumatic period, atherosclerosis , stroke ) [2] . There is evidence of the effectiveness of gamma-aminobutyric acid in endogenous depression with mental difficulties and the predominance of astheno- hypochondria phenomena [1] .
It is used for mental retardation and a decrease in mental activity in children [2] .
Pharmacokinetics
Absorption is fast, quite complete. C max - 1 hour [1] . TCmax - 60 min, then the concentration decreases rapidly, after 24 hours in the plasma is not determined.
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity .
Side Effects
Gamma-aminobutyric acid is low toxic. It is well tolerated by patients of different ages. In some cases, dyspeptic symptoms, sleep disturbance , sensation of heat , fluctuations in blood pressure (in the first days of treatment) are possible [2] . With a decrease in dose, these phenomena usually pass quickly.
Storage
Storage: in a dry, dark place.
Notes
- β 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Mashkovsky M. D. Medicines. - 16th ed. - M .: New wave, 2012 .-- S. 117. - 1216 p. - ISBN 978-5-7864-0218-7 .
- β 1 2 3 4 5 Yu. I. Gubsky, V. A. Shapovalova, I. I. Kutko, V. V. Shapovalov. Medicines in psychopharmacology. - K .: Zdorovya, 1997 .-- S. 249. - 288 p. - ISBN 5-311-00922-5 .