Krasny ( Belor. Krassny ) is an urban-type settlement , the administrative center of the Krasninsky district of the Smolensk region of Russia .
| Settlement | |
| Red | |
|---|---|
| A country |  Russia |
| Subject of the federation | Smolensk region |
| Municipal district | Krasninsky |
| History and geography | |
| Based | 1165 |
| First mention | 1165 |
| Former names | Krasin |
| PGT with | 1965 |
| Square | 4.49 km² |
| Climate type | moderate continental |
| Timezone | UTC + 3 |
| Population | |
| Population | → 4132 [1] people ( 2018 ) |
| Digital identifiers | |
| Telephone code | +7 48145 |
| Postcode | 216100 |
| OKATO code | 662245514 |
| OKTMO code | |
The population is 4,524 inhabitants (2007).
Located at the confluence of the rivers Pig and Merei , 45 km south-west of Smolensk , 18 km from the railway station Gusino .
The village is included in the list of historical cities of Russia .
Content
History
The first mention of Red (called Krasin ) refers to 1165 ( Ipatiev Chronicle ), when Smolensk Prince Davyd Rostislavich , capturing Vitebsk , gave Red to his nephew, Vitebsk Prince Roman. Until the XVII century, Red moved from Russia to the Commonwealth and back. On May 6, 1625 (in accordance with the new style ), while he was a part of Smolensk Voivodeship , Krasny received Magdeburg Law from King Sigismund III . This was followed by a number of privileges from Vladislav IV and Jan Casimir , addressed to both Christian philistines and the local Jewish community [2] .
Finally Red went to Russia in 1654 ; in 1667 - the palace village.
In 1776, the village of Krasny was approved by the city [3] , which became the center of Krasninsky district of Smolensk province ; in 1929 it was transformed into a village of a rural type; since 1965 - urban-type settlement [4] .
In 1812, two battles of World War II took place under Red (August 2 and November 3-6). In August , during the organized retreat of the Russian army to Moscow, the infantry division of General D. P. Neverovsky , retreating the latter, fought off the attacks of the superior forces of the French cavalry of Marshal I. Murat all day. In November , many times the superior forces of the Russian troops attacked the French army retreating to the border, inflicting significant losses on it [5] .
During the Great Patriotic War, Red suffered greatly.
Economy
The most important enterprises of the village are the electric impulse metering plant and the Smolensk branch of Iskra Production Association.
Population
| Population | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1970 [6] | 1979 [7] | 1989 [8] | 2002 [9] | 2009 [10] | 2012 [11] | 2013 [12] | 2014 [13] |
| 3483 | ↗ 4316 | ↗ 5087 | ↘ 4714 | ↘ 4518 | ↘ 4309 | ↘ 4246 | ↘ 4197 |
| 2015 [14] | 2016 [15] | 2017 [16] | 2018 [1] | ||||
| ↘ 4150 | ↗ 4154 | ↘ 4132 | → 4132 | ||||
Russian Orthodox Church
- Church of the Transfiguration [17] .
Attractions
A number of architectural monuments have been preserved: 6 civil buildings and 2 churches (all from the 19th century).
Historical monuments: 2 monuments in honor of the soldiers of the Russian army who fought against Red against Napoleon’s army in 1812 (both installed in 1912 ). On September 16, 2012, the monument restored to the 200th anniversary of the victory over Napoleon was opened (the original monument, erected in 1847 by the architect Antonio Adamini , was blown up by the Bolsheviks in 1931 and restored with funds from the Union State of Russia and Belarus ).
Famous people associated with Red
- The ranks of the Hero of the Soviet Union were awarded to 11 Krasninsky natives, among them the commander of the tank battalion, Major A. N. Malikhov .
- The childhood of Kirill Shchelkin , a famous Soviet nuclear physicist, passed in Red.
- Born:
- I. A. Averchenkov (1946-2003) - Mayor of Smolensk in 1998-2003
- V.S. Nelsky (1906-1990) - theater actor, people's artist of the USSR (1975)
- B. M. Eichenbaum (1886-1959) - literary critic
City Settlement
Krasninskoe urban settlement consists of the village of Red and the villages:
- Big Kind , village
- Buyanovo , village
- Salouge , village
- Kutkovo , the village
- Sorokino , the village
- Khrapovo , village
The total area of the settlement is 70.37 km², the population is 4,620 people ( 2007 ). The head of the municipality is Radchenko Gennady Mikhailovich. Established on December 2, 2004 .
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 Estimate of the size of the resident population of the Smolensk region on January 1, 2018
- ↑ Rogachevsky A. L. To the history of the legal status of the Jews in Smolensk Voivodeship: Privileges in 1639 to the Jews of the town of Red (from the Lithuanian metric) // Hebrews of the border: Smolensk / Otv. ed. S. Amosov. M., 2018. p. 55–130
- ↑ USSR. Administrative-territorial division of the Union republics on July 1, 1967 / Compiled by V. A. Kravtsov, A. D. Zhukova. - M .: Izvestia of Soviets of Soviet Workers' Deputies, 1967. - P. 118. - 655 p.
- ↑ USSR. Administrative-territorial division of the Union republics on January 1, 1980 / Compiled by V. A. Dudarev, N. A. Yevseyev. - Moscow: Izvestia of Soviets of People's Deputies of the USSR Publishing House, 1980. - P. 225. - 702 p. - 142 000 copies
- ↑ Red // Military Encyclopedia : [in 18 t.] / Ed. VF Novitsky [et al.]. - SPb. ; [ M. ]: Type. t-islands I. D. Sytin , 1911-1915.
- ↑ 1970 All-Union Population Census The urban population of the RSFSR, its territorial units, urban settlements and urban areas by sex. Demoscope Weekly. The date of circulation is September 25, 2013. Archived April 28, 2013.
- ↑ 1979 All-Union Population Census. The urban population of the RSFSR, its territorial units, urban settlements and urban areas by sex. Demoscope Weekly. The date of circulation is September 25, 2013. Archived April 28, 2013.
- All-Union Population Census 1989. Urban population . Archived August 22, 2011.
- ↑ All-Russian census of 2002. Tom. 1, table 4. The population of Russia, federal districts, constituent entities of the Russian Federation, districts, urban settlements, rural settlements — regional centers and rural settlements with a population of 3,000 or more . Archived on February 3, 2012.
- ↑ The resident population of the Russian Federation by cities, urban-type settlements and districts as of January 1, 2009 . The date of circulation is January 2, 2014. Archived January 2, 2014.
- Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities. Table 35. Estimated number of resident population on January 1, 2012 . The date of circulation is May 31, 2014. Archived May 31, 2014.
- ↑ Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2013. - M .: Federal State Statistics Service Rosstat, 2013. - 528 p. (Table 33. Population of urban districts, municipal districts, urban and rural settlements, urban settlements, rural settlements) . The appeal date is November 16, 2013. Archived November 16, 2013.
- ↑ Table 33. The population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2014 . Circulation date August 2, 2014. Archived August 2, 2014.
- ↑ Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2015 . Circulation date August 6, 2015. Archived August 6, 2015.
- Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2016
- ↑ Population of the Russian Federation by municipalities as of January 1, 2017 (July 31, 2017). The date of circulation is July 31, 2017. Archived July 31, 2017.
- The story about the Church of the Transfiguration in the village of the Red Smolensk diocese
Literature
- Rogachevsky A. L. To the history of the legal status of Jews in the Smolensk Voivodeship: Privileges in 1639 to the Jews of the town of Krasny (from the Lithuanian metric ) // Hebrews: Smolensk region / Ed. ed. S. Amosov. M .: Center for Scientists and Teachers of Judaica in the Higher Schools of Higher Education, Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences , 2018. ISBN: 978-5-7567-0394-0, P. 55–130.
Links
- The history of the coat of arms of the Red
- Krasninsky Local History Museum. spouses Erashovyh .
- Red (Smolensk region) - an article from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia .