Yakov Ilyich Frenkel (January 29 ( February 10 ) 1894 , Rostov-on-Don - January 23, 1952 , Leningrad ) is a Soviet theoretical physicist . Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences (1929). Winner of the Stalin Prize of the first degree (1947).
| Jacob Ilyich Frenkel | |||
|---|---|---|---|
 Jacob Ilyich Frenkel | |||
| Date of Birth | January 29 ( February 10 ) 1894 | ||
| Place of Birth | Rostov-on-Don , Russian Empire | ||
| Date of death | January 23, 1952 (57 years old) | ||
| Place of death | Leningrad , USSR | ||
| A country |  the USSR | ||
| Scientific field | theoretical physics | ||
| Place of work | Tavria University Institute named after A.F. Joffe | ||
| Alma mater | Petrograd University | ||
| Academic title | Corresponding Member of the USSR Academy of Sciences ( 1929 ) | ||
| supervisor | A.F. Joffe | ||
| Famous students | T. A. Kontorova | ||
| Known as | The author of works on the theory of deformation , semiconductors , metals and nuclear physics. | ||
| Awards and prizes |
| ||
Content
Biography
Ya. I. Frenkel was born in a Jewish family in Rostov-on-Don in 1894 . His parents are Ilya Abramovich Frenkel, a People's Reporter (1864–1938), and Rosalia Abramovna Batkina (1872–1944); Uncle - Yakov Abramovich Frenkel ( 1877 , Taganrog - 1948 , Moscow ) - Soviet musicologist. Uncle by mother - David Abramovich (Avraamovich) Batkin (1876—?), Doctor of the Pasteur Children's Hospital ( Leningrad ). In 1912, while still studying at the gymnasium , he wrote his first work on the Earth ’s magnetic field and atmospheric electricity. Jacob Frenkel showed this work to Abram Fedorovich Ioffe , who read it and commented on it. Acquaintance with loffe further led to their friendship and cooperation with Frenkel.
In 1913, Jacob Frenkel enrolled at St. Petersburg University , after 3 years he graduated from it and was left at the university to prepare for a professorship.
In 1920, he married a nineteen-year-old student of the Faculty of Biology Sarah Isaakovna Gordina (1901-1960). Sons: Sergey (1923-1998) and Victor (1930-1997) - graduated from the Faculty of Physics and Mechanics of the Leningrad Polytechnic Institute and became doctors of physical and mathematical sciences, professors.
From 1921 until the end of his life, Frenkel worked at the Leningrad Institute of Physics and Technology . Starting in 1922, Frenkel published a new book literally every year [1] . He became the author of the first year of theoretical physics in the USSR . Many students in the USSR and abroad studied physics in this course. For his scientific achievements, he was elected a corresponding member of the USSR Academy of Sciences in 1929 . [one]
For some time ( 1930 ) he worked at the invitation [2] of the University of Minnesota ( USA ).
In 1926, the work of Ya. I. Frenkel came out, in which he developed the theory of the movement of atoms and ions in crystals and introduced the idea of a new type of crystal lattice defects , to which the name “ Frenkel defects ” was fixed in the literature [3] .
In 1931 and 1936 he published works in which he predicted the existence of excitons in semiconductors , introduced the term excitons, and developed a theory for it.
Professor of the Department of Physics of the Leningrad Institute of Fine Mechanics and Optics (LITMO) (1947-50). He is one of the founders of physical education and the creators of the Faculty of Engineering and Physics LITMO.
He died of hypertension that had progressed since the 1940s. He was buried in St. Petersburg at the Theological Cemetery (at the site of the Polytechnic Institute).
Awards and prizes
- Order of the Red Banner of Labor (06/10/1945)
- The Stalin Prize of the first degree (1947) - for scientific research on the theory of the liquid state, summarized in the monograph "Kinetic Theory of Liquids" (1945)
Addresses in Leningrad
- 1921-1941, 1944-1952 - Polytechnic street , 26 ( LFTI building);
- 1927–1929 - Yashumov Pereulok ( Kurchatov Street from 1964), 5; [four]
- 1929-1941, 1944-1952 - Forest, the road to Sosnovka, 1; (Polytechnic street, 29 from 1956).
Memory
- On the building of the FTI to them. A.F. Ioffe (Polytechnicheskaya Street 26) in 1998, a memorial plaque was installed (artist E. Kh. Nasibulin) with the text: "The outstanding Soviet scientist Jacob Ilyich Frenkel worked in this building from 1921 to 1952".
Images
J. Frenkel among the participants of the seminar A.F. Ioffe (leftmost). 1915.
Academician A.F. Ioffe, J.I. Frenkel and O.G. Goldman, Kiev, 1936
Notes
- ↑ 1 2 About Ya. I. Frenkel on the site of the Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute (English)
- ↑ Rudolf Peirels, "Yakov Ilich Frenkel", Physics Today , June 1994
- ↑ Tamm I. E. Yakov Il'ich Frenkel ' // Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk . - 1962. - T. LXXVI , No. 3 . - S. 414 .
- ↑ The whole of Leningrad (1922 - 1935), interactive table of contents .
Literature
- Memories of Ya. I. Frenkel / USSR Academy of Sciences. Phys.-tech. Inst them. A.F. Joffe; rep. ed. V.M. Tuchkevich . - L .: Science. Leningrad department, 1976. - 280 pp., ill.
- Khramov Yu. A. Frenkel Yakov Ilich // Physics: A Biographical Reference / Ed. A.I. Akhiezer . - Ed. 2nd, rev. and add. - M .: Science , 1983. - p. 283. - 400 p. - 200 000 copies (in the lane)
See also
- Frenkel's model - Kontorova
Links
- Frenkel, Jacob Ilyich // Great Soviet Encyclopedia : [in 30 t.] / Ch. ed. A. M. Prokhorov . - 3rd ed. - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1969-1978.
- Biography in the MacTutor Archive (English)
- Articles by Yakov Ilyich Frenkel (and about him) in the journal “ Uspekhi Fizicheskikh Nauk ” (Including a detailed biographical article by I. E. Tamm )
- Ya. I. Frenkel - life and work // site VIVOS VOCO!
- Profile of Jacob Ilyich Frenkel on the official website of the Russian Academy of Sciences