The choir Ka-a ( “The Choir is a High Hand ” ) is the last ruler of the 1st dynasty of the Early Kingdom of Ancient Egypt (c. 2890 BC). From the Abydos list, his name is known as Kebeh or from the Sakkarsky list and the Kebhu Turin papyrus. According to Manetho , Kaa (whom he calls Bienehes or Ubientis ) reigned for 26 years.
Kaa | ||||||||||||||||||
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I dynasty | ||||||||||||||||||
Early kingdom | ||||||||||||||||||
Stela Kaa | ||||||||||||||||||
personal name like Son Ra | ||||||||||||||||||
Choir name like gore | ||||||||||||||||||
non-name like mister double crown | ||||||||||||||||||
Sakkar list |
Content
Board Certificates
It is assumed that the reign of Ka-a was long, this view is confirmed by a fragment of aleurite bowl, which mentions the king celebrating the second Sed Festival . In the first year of his reign, reflected in the main Cairo fragment , the royal annals list the usual ceremonies associated with the accession of the new king to the throne.
Several annual labels found in the royal tomb in Abydos contain inscriptions of events, starting with the royal process - “Following the Choir”, for collecting timber for the royal workshops, and building a religious building with the name “Kau-Nechera” to celebrate various religious festivals. The Apis Bull Run and the Sokar Festival seem to have been noted during the reign of Ka-a, although an obscure festival was also recorded with the participation of a divine or royal barque. In addition to the seals and tablets of the three main early dynastic cemeteries in Saqqara , and its expansion north to Abusir , Helwan , and Abydos . Ka-a is also witnessed in the far south of Egypt, near El Kab . The rock inscriptions in Wadi Hellal show the sects of Ka-a in front of the image of the local goddess Nehbet . Between some of the less easily recognizable signs, the Ankh and Yours scepter.
Such a rocky inscription, although without additional signs, is located near the village of El-Oqbia, about ten kilometers from El Kab. The characteristic Ka-a activity in this region is unknown, but the expedition on the use of desert resources is plausible. Contacts with distant lands hint at a game piece made of ivory from the king’s tomb. One side shows the figure of a bound Asian captive, defined by a hieroglyph over the captive's head as a resident of " Sich ". The figure of probable enemies as a whole cannot be accepted as evidence of punitive raids against South Palestine in the days of Ka-a.
However, the game figure showed Egyptian inhabitants acquaintance with West Asia, and 18 imported Syrian-Palestinian vessels from their tomb in North Saqqara , dated by the Ka-a rule, point to trade between Egypt and its northeastern neighbors. Mastery is represented by three copper bowls from the reign of Ka-a from his tomb a Abydos . Two of them with the inscription of the king’s ear and the accompanying text mention the bureaucratic institution, including the royal palace.
Pharaoh's Nesu Biti and Nebti Names
Pharaoh Ka-a had three names Nesu-Beaty Nebty: Sen , Sekhetep and Ka-a , which can be interpreted chronologically with different periods of his reign. In accordance with this proposal, Sen is the oldest of the three. On annual labels, Ka-a, Sen is associated with the official Henu-ka, who is documented under his predecessor Ka-a - Semer-het . The name Nesu-Beti Nebty Sen and the official (Carpenters Chief of the Tsar of Upper Egypt) Henu-ka are mentioned in connection with the Sixth Inspection Case, another document referring to the same event is mentioned by the second name Nesu- Beti Neti Sekhetep . So Sekhetep replaced Seine this year. The new Nesu-Beaty Nebti name Ka-a , is the youngest for the king, because he is associated with his Sed - festivals
Tomb
Ka-a has built for himself a large mastaba (the so-called “tomb Q”) in the necropolis of Umm al-Kaab in Abydos . The dimensions of the Ka-a mastaba are 30 × 23 m. From the time of the reign of this pharaoh, several other sources remained, confirming that under Ka-a, Egypt continued its development. Unlike the tombs of the preceding three kings, the tomb of Kaa faces north, just like the tombs of the kings of the subsequent Ancient Kingdom.
The tomb of Ka-a is also remarkable for its construction achievements, since it contains a false ceiling . By the day of the death of Ka-a, in his tomb in Abydos only the middle crypt was ready. The premises around it were completed in a hurry from the wet raw brick, which then led to subsidence and the collapse of the walls. But the fact that this tomb was of impressive size, and the burial was rich (stone dishes, gold ), and the fact that the important court Sabef left his slab near the tomb of the king excludes the forcible overthrow of Kebhu.
The heir of Ka-a, the founder of the II dynasty, Hotepsekhemu , probably came to power by marrying the princess-heiress of the oldest royal line of the Early Kingdom (I dynasty) and took care of a decent burial of his father-in-law. Apparently, the funeral of Kaa was conducted by Hotepsekhemu himself, which indicates the absence of a violent change of ruling dynasties. In the mid-1990s, German archaeologists discovered an inscription with the name Chotepsekhem and near the entrance to the Ka-a mastaba in Abydos. In 1993, a German expedition examined the tomb of Ka-a and found in it the remains of 26 satellites of Pharaoh, who were brought to the ritual sacrifice (however, this is perhaps the last case of human sacrifice in ancient Egyptian tombs). A stele found near the Ka'aba mastaba confirms that official Sabef was responsible for the safety of Pharaoh’s burial.
From the time of the reign of this pharaoh, several other sources survived, confirming that under Ka-a, Egypt continued its development. Certain monuments of Ka-a time are also preserved in the graves of the period I of the dynasty. The name Ka-a is found on utensils from the tomb of Peribsen .
Predecessor: Semerhet | Pharaoh of Egypt OK. 2890 BC e. | Successor: Hotpseshemi |
See also
- Merka is an influential official and a possible relative of Pharaoh.
Notes
Literature
- History of the Ancient East. The origin of the most ancient class societies and the first centers of slaveholding civilization. Part 2. Front Asia. Egypt / Edited by G. M. Bongard-Levin . - M .: The main editorial board of the oriental literature of the publishing house “ Nauka ”, 1988. - 623 p. - 25 000 copies
- Ancient East and antiquity . // The rulers of the world. Chronological genealogical tables on world history in 4 vols. / Compiled by V. V. Erlikhman . - T. 1.