Securitate

The Securitate was established on August 30, 1948 with the support of the USSR special services, and was dissolved in December 1989 , shortly after the execution of Romanian President Nicolae Ceausescu .

Although the Securitate was considered the basis of the Ceausescu regime and defended the president with weapons during the 1989 revolution, there were a number of conspirators in her ranks who supported Ion Iliescu . In the ranks of the Securitate served a high-ranking foreign intelligence officer Ion Mihai Pachepa , who fled to the West and wrote several books of revelations.

Securitate became famous as the most brutal intelligence service of the communist countries of Eastern Europe . Most politicians, businessmen and public figures of modern Romania are suspected of collaborating with the Securitate. In the period of Stalinism , the Romanian security bodies executed without trial, according to some estimates, about 10 thousand people. ^[2]

The service was reorganized in 1991.

General Directorate for Technical Operations

Created in 1954 with the support of Soviet specialists. He held a leading position in the Securitate and monitored all types of telecommunications, listened to public institutions and private homes.

Counterintelligence Directorate

This Directorate conducted round-the-clock observation of foreigners, registered contacts of foreigners with citizens of Romania, who were obliged to report on the meeting within 24 hours. The Directorate also prevented asylum-seekers from receiving dissidents in foreign embassies.

Prison Directorate

He was in charge of running Romanian prisons, interrogation and torture of prisoners.

Internal Security Directorate

Originally created to control the Communist Party of Romania . In 1978 he was reformed and began to exercise control over the remaining departments of the Securitate, submitting personally to Ceausescu.

National Visa and Passport Commission

Monitored the departure of Romanian citizens abroad. Jews and Germans received visas through the mediation of the governments of Israel and Germany , who paid the amount of 5 to 10 thousand dollars for each immigrant .

When the laws on emigration in 1988 softened, 40 thousand Romanians left for Hungary and refused to return.

State Security Directorate

The Directorate managed 20 thousand militants militarized units, armed with artillery. GB troops guarded television and radio stations, and other important government facilities. The fighters were provided with special conditions of service, surpassing the army level.

Police Directorate

Supervised the bodies of internal affairs. In 1990 he became part of the Romanian police.

Directorate "V"

He carried out personal protection of officials and party leaders.

After 1991, the Romanian Parliament reorganized the special services, of which modern ones were created:

• SRI ( rum. Serviciul Român de Informaţii ) - counterintelligence
• SIE ( rum. Serviciul de Informaţii Externe ) - foreign intelligence
• SPP ( rum. Serviciul de Protecţie şi Pază ) - the protection of senior officials
• STS ( rum. Serviciul de Telecomunicaţii Speciale ) - technical intelligence
• Gendarmerie ( rum. Jandarmeria Română )

• Romanian Revolution (1989)
• Pachepa, Ion Mihai
• Siguranza

• Ministry of Interior and Special Services of Romania
• (rum.) Gabriel Catalan, Mircea Stănescu, Scurtă istorie a Securităţii ("A Brief History of Securitate")