Borax

Perennial , biennial or annual herbaceous plants, usually hard-rough from bristly hairs. But there are among the borage and shrubs .

The stem in cross section is mostly rounded.

Leaves are alternate, very rarely opposite, whole and usually whole-marginal, only in some species angularly dentate.

The flowers are usually regular or very often obscurely zygomorphic (rarely clearly zygomorphic), collected with one-sided brushes or ears , curled up to bloom in the form of a snail and located singly or in pairs on the top of the stem or collected in panicle inflorescence . The cup is five - divided or five-toothed. Corolla with a five-lobed limb, regular, less often almost two-lipped (for example, in Echium ), tubular, funnel-shaped, bell-shaped or wheel-shaped. Five stamens attached to the corolla tube and alternating with its limb blades. Upper ovary , mostly four-spherical, less often two-spherical, usually four-lobed. The column extends into the gap between the lobes of the ovary (from its apical cavity), filiform with a single or bifid stigma , less often the column sits on top of the entire ovary. Flower formula :  ${\displaystyle <span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">\ast </span></span>\mathrm{<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">C</span></span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">a</span></span>}}_{<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">(</span></span>\mathrm{<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">5</span></span>}<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">)</span></span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">C</span></span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">o</span></span>}}_{<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">(</span></span>\mathrm{<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">5</span></span>}<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">)</span></span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">A</span></span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">5</span></span>}}{\mathrm{<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">G</span></span>}}_{\underset{<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">\_</span></span>}{<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">(</span></span>\mathrm{<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">2</span></span>}<span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">)</span></span>}}}$ {\ displaystyle \ ast Ca _ {(5)} \; Co _ {(5)} \; A_ {5} \; G _ {\ underline {(2)}}}   . (less often${\displaystyle <span\; class="mwe-math-element"><span\; class="mwe-math-mathml-inline\; mwe-math-mathml-a11y"\; style="display:\; none;">\uparrow </span></span>}$ {\ displaystyle \ uparrow}   ) ^[4] .

The fruit is dry, disintegrating into 4 nuts attached to a flat receptacle or its outgrowth, less often there are fewer nuts (2–1), or the fruit is drupe .

According to the taxonomic classification system APG II (2003), this family belongs to the group of euasterids I , which includes the orders Gentianales , Lamiales and Solanaceae , but it has not been conclusively determined whether it belongs to one of these orders or it should be placed in a separate order Boragechines ( Boraginales ).

The earlier Kronqvist classification system included Burachniks in the Labiaceae order, but it is now becoming apparent that members of this family are different from the other Labiacs in other orders. Borage paraphyletic in relation to the Hydrophyllaceae family, which is included in APG II. In some recent classifications, Boraginaceae are divided into several families: Boraginaceae ss, Cordiaceae , Ehretiaceae , Heliotropiaceae , Hydrophyllaceae, and Lennoaceae .

According to The Plant List , the Burachnik family contains 155 genera and 2686 ^[2] species .

The following species of this family are listed in the Red Book of Russia :

• Forget-me-not Ural ( Eritrichium uralense )
• Small sawtin mertension ( Mertensia serrulate )
• Forget-me-not Chekanovsky ( Myosotis czekanowskii )
• Onosma multifoliate ( Onosma polyphylla )

The following species are listed in the Red Books of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation:

• Egonyquone purplish blue ( Aegonychon purpureocaeruleum )

Rare plants of this family in Europe include: curly ankhuza, Calabrian buglossoid, ferruginous buglossoid, oily lithodora, brilliant lithodora , Derflera moltky , Ruscinsky forget-me-not , Soleirol forget-me-not, Corsican forget-me-not , coastal omphalodosus . Forget-me-not Russcinsky is included in the IUCN Red List. The New Zealand Red List includes hydrangea mesotidium . A bruise pine is under threat of extinction on the Canary Island of Gran Canaria ^[5] .

One of the chemotaxonomic traits characteristic of most species of plants of the Borachnica family is the presence of lithospermic acid in the rhizomes .

Subfamily Boraginoideae - Borage

Subfamily Cordioideae - Cordobia

Subfamily Ehretioideae - Eretia

Subfamily Heliotropioideae - Heliotrope

Subfamily Hydrophylloideae - Aquatic

Subfamily Lennooideae - Lennoids

Below is the cladogram of the asterids group showing the alleged kinship relations of the Borachnikov family according to the classification system APG III (2009) ^[7] :

• Dobrochaeva D.N. Family of boraginaceae (Boraginaceae) // Plant Life. In 6 t. / Ed. A. L. Takhtadzhyana . - M .: Education, 1981. - T. 5. Part 2. Flowering plants. - S. 394—398. - 300,000 copies.
• Popov M.G. Family XXXVIII. Boraginaceae - Boraginaceae // Flora of the USSR : in 30 tons / started at hand. and under chap. ed. V. L. Komarova . - M .; L .: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR , 1953. - T. 19 / ed. volumes B.K. Shishkin . - S. 97-101. - 752 s. - 3000 copies.
• Tanfilev G.I. Burachnikovs // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
• Flora of the southeast of the European part of the USSR. Issue VI. Pirolaceae — Compositae / Ed. B.K. Shishkin. - M. — L .: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1936 .-- 483 p.
• Bennett M. Pulmonarias and the Borage Family. - London: BT Batsford, 2003.