Drizhenko, Fedor Kirillovich

Fedor Kirillovich was born on April 22 ( May 4 ) in 1858 in Yekaterinoslav in a noble family.

Father - Kirill Alexandrovich Drizhenko, secretary of the Nobility deputy assembly, titular counselor . According to family legend, the ancestors were Zaporozhians and their surname originated from the surname of the smoked ataman Drizh-Tursky (or Drigo-Tursky). For distinction in one of the Turkish wars, the ataman was nicknamed Tours and received nobility. Subsequently, the addition to the family name was lost, apparently due to the fact that it was not always reflected in the documents.

Mother - Sophia Ksenofontovna Drizhenko, nee Khristoforova.

In the family, except Fedor, there were five more sons.

He studied in a classical gymnasium, from the fifth grade of which he left to enroll in the Maritime School.

Military ranks

• 1873 , September 12 - graduate of the maritime school.
• 1877 , April 30 - Made in the ship's midshipmen .
• 1878 , August 30 - promoted to midshipmen .
• 1883 , January - promoted to lieutenant .
• 1889 , January 1 - promoted to captains .
• 1894 , December 6th - promoted to lieutenant colonel .
• 1901 , January 1 - promoted to colonel .
• 1906 , December 6th - promoted to major general .
• 1912 , April 17 - promoted to lieutenant general .
• 1917 , May 8 - retirement from production to the generals of the Hydrograph Corps .

At the maritime school

In 1873 he entered the St. Petersburg Maritime School .

In the summer of 1874, FK Drizhenko left for his first training voyage on the Varyag sailing-steam training corvette , which was commanded at that time by Captain 2nd Rank KI Ermolaev .

He graduated from college in 1877, the second in production with an average score of 11.5 (in a 12-point system), with the Nakhimov Prize (300 rubles). His name and surname were entered in gold letters on a white marble plaque in the gallery of the school, he was promoted to ship's midshipmen .

Round the world

The Russian-Turkish war of 1877–1878 deprived the best graduates of the school of traditional circumnavigation, and at the beginning of the officer’s career, F. K. Drizhenko was compelled to be satisfied with the maritime campaign of the battleship Peter the Great across the Baltic Sea from May 28 to September 25, 1877. Initially, sailing along with him was his fellow practitioner at the school, Yu. M. Shokalsky , but in August, he voluntarily transferred to the customs cruiser Krechet.

April 22, 1878, the day he was 20 years old, he went to circumnavigate the globe. He spent five years from 1878 to 1883 in a round-the-world cruise on the Prince Pozharsky frigate, on the Minin frigate, on the Plastun clipper and on other ships. The circumnavigation ended June 29, 1883 .

In the Nikolaev Maritime Academy and the Pulkovo Observatory

In October 1884 he was enrolled in the Nikolaev Maritime Academy . He studied hydrography at the academy. He graduated from the Academy in 1886 for the first category.

From 1887 to 1889, he listened to a course of practical astronomy and geodesy at the Main Astronomical Observatory in Pulkovo .

On December 19, 1888, he publicly defended his thesis at the Nikolaev Maritime Academy: "The development of marine angle gauges and the study of the Fleierier's gyroscope-collimator."

Travel to Europe

Twice he was sent to Europe to study the state of hydrography.

Expedition to Lake Onega

In 1891 - 1894 he led the work on the shooting of Lake Onega .

Expedition to Baikal

In 1895, together with Yu. M. Shokalsky, he wrote a draft hydrographic study of Lake Baikal.

He led a hydrographic expedition on Lake Baikal ( 1896 - 1902 ).

After Baikal

From 1903 to 1904 led the Hydrographic Expedition of the Arctic Ocean .

From 1905 to 1908 he was the head of a separate survey of the White Sea .

From 1908 to 1912 he was an assistant to the head of the Main Hydrographic Department .

Since 1912 - Head of the Separate survey of the Murmansk coast .

In May 1917, in the rank of General, the Corps of Hydrographs resigned.

Together with his family he moved to Krasnoyarsk to his nephew - S.G. Drizhenko [1] , who held the position of architect of the city ​​of Krasnoyarsk.

In Krasnoyarsk, F. K. Drizhenko entered the service in the Separate Ob-Yenisei Hydrographic Detachment, worked as a calculator, head of the base, and led the hydrographic studies of Siberian rivers. He served in the Northern Sea Route Committee at Sibrevkome .

Fyodor Kirillovich died in Krasnoyarsk on April 16, 1922 from pneumonia. Buried at the Trinity cemetery .

• January 16, 1891 elected a full member of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society .
• February 17, 1894 elected a member of the Russian Astronomical Society. Later became a full member for life.
• 1906 - 1907 - was a member of the Verkhovsky commission on the development of the Northern Sea Route .
• 1909 - appointed Permanent Representative of Russia to the International Shipping Commission in Brussels .
• 1912 - represented Russia at the International Maritime Conference in St. Petersburg .

Published about 50 scientific papers. Part of the work was not published because of the events of 1917 and died during the Civil War. Major published works:

• Drizhenko F. K. Hydrographic description of Lake Onega // News of the IGDO , 1895 . T.31. Pp. 603-617.
• Drizhenko FK. Reconnaissance of the Baikal Lake in 1896 // News of the IRGO , 1897 . T. 33. pp. 210-241.
• F. K. Drizhenko. From the report on a mission to Lake Baikal in 1896 // Sea Collection , 1897 , No. 6. P. 195–229.
• F. K. Drizhenko. Summary Report on the Works of the Hydrographic Expedition of the Baikal Lake in 1898 // A Sea Collection , 1899 , No. 1. P. 167-179.
• Drizhenko F.K. The brief report on the works of the hydrographic expedition of the Baikal lake for 1899 // Sea collection , 1900 , № 7. P.45-60.
• FK Drizhenko. Works of the Hydrographic Expedition of the Baikal Lake in 1900 // A Sea Collection , 1901 , No. 1. P. 145-171.
• Drizhenko FK. Works of the Hydrographic Expedition of the Baikal Lake in 1901. // Sea Collection , 1902 , No. 4. P.95-116.
• FK Drizhenko. Works of the Hydrographic Expedition of the Baikal Lake in 1902. // Sea Collection , 1903 , No. 8. P. 73-84; No. 9. P.59-80.
• Atlas of Lake Baikal. Compiled by the Hydrographic Expedition under the command of Colonel FK Drizhenko .- St. Petersburg: Publication of the Main Hydrographic Office, [ 1902 ].
• Atlas of the Upper Angara River from the Dagarsky estuary to Nirundukan. Compiled by the Hydrographic Expedition of the Lake Baikal under the command of Colonel FK Drizhenko .- SPb .: Publication of the Main Hydrographic Office, [ 1902 ].
• Atlas of portage from Bodaybo on Vitim to Nirundukan on Upper Angara. Compiled by the Hydrographic Expedition of the Baikal Lake under the command of Colonel FK Drizhenko .- St. Petersburg: Publication of the Main Hydrographic Office, [ 1902 ].
• Lottia and physical-geographical sketch of Lake Baikal / Ed. FK Drizhenko. - SPb: Publication of the Main Hydrographic Department, 1908 .- 443 p.

Scientific

• Gold Medal and Diploma of the Paris World Exhibition in 1889 for hydrographic work.
• Silver Medal of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society for the report "Hydrographic description of Lake Onega" ^[1] .

State

• Order of St. Vladimir, 3 degrees
• Order of St. Stanislav 1 degree
• Order of St. Anne 1 degree
• Order of St. Vladimir, 2 degrees

Wife: Natalia Ivanovna Drizhenko, nee Yavorskaya . A native of Yekaterinoslav . Familiar with her future husband since childhood. The wedding was on September 27, 1889 in Yekaterinoslav. F.K. Drizhenko's foreign business trip was also a honeymoon trip.

The family had five children: two sons and three daughters.

The eldest son: Konstantin Fedorovich Drizhenko, graduated from the Marine Engineering School and became a military shipbuilding officer. Lieutenant Ship Engineers Corps. From February 1916 he lived in England, where he participated in the construction of the famous icebreaker "Svyatogor" (later renamed "Krasin"). 1917 found him on a business trip to England and he was forced to stay in exile.

Younger son: Fedor Fedorovich Drizhenko (died in 1943 ).

Daughters: Vera Fedorovna, Maria Fedorovna and Olga Fedorovna. In 1935, were sent to Orenburg, as the daughter of a general.

The archive of FK Drizhenko was left in 1917 in Petrograd under the supervision of relatives who later died of starvation. The archive has disappeared without a trace. Manuscripts and letters are gone. According to fragmentary data and letters of daughters in the biographical book about him are some of those with whom he conducted a correspondence ^[2] .

At different periods of his life, he had friendly relations with many famous people, including:

• Alexander Ivanovich Varnek - studied together at the Maritime School and together participated in the voyage around the world.
• Andrei Ippolitovich Vilkitsky
• Vladimir Nikolaevich Miklukha - they interned at the Pulkovo Observatory together.
• Nikolai Andreevich Rimsky-Korsakov
• Georgy Yakovlevich Sedov - Drizhenko took a huge part in his fate, for details, see the article about G. Ya. Sedov
• Tillo, Alexey Andreevich - was in correspondence, communicated in the Russian Geographical Society.
• Nikolay Nikolayevich Figner - we studied together at the Maritime School and were together in a world voyage.
• Yuli Mikhailovich Shokalsky - they studied together at the Marine School, jointly wrote a research plan for Lake Baikal, both were representatives of Russia at international shipping congresses.

The first scientific biography of F. K. Drizhenko was created by L. G. Kolotilo and published in 1997 ^[2] . The book was written by a Baikal researcher and contains photographs and excerpts from the letters of FK Drizhenko’s daughters, transmitted to the author by the well-known biologist Baikal researcher E. A. Koryakov, who was personally acquainted and corresponded with his daughters FK Drizhenko.

The name Drizhenko is named

• Cape Drizhenko at the northern end of Novaya Zemlya , the Barents Sea. Opened and named G. Ya. Sedov in 1913 .
• Cape Drizhenko on Sakhalin Island , in Butakova Bay, Sea of ​​Okhotsk. It was discovered and named by the crew of the Plastun clipper in 1882 .
• Drizhenko Bank on Lake Baikal . S. Grafov and L. G. Kolotilo opened and named in 1984 ^{[3] [4]} . The name has not yet been officially approved.
• Boat Drizhenko on Lake Baikal (currently renamed).

Grave

Fedor Kirillovich buried at the Trinity cemetery of Krasnoyarsk . By the 2000s, the grave was in a deplorable state. The cross was lost and the inscription on the monument was practically unreadable. Karachagin Vladimir Alexandrovich, a resident of Krasnoyarsk, restored the monument at the grave for his money, installed a new cross and a sign:

“A prominent Russian hydrographic scientist, explorer of Baikal and the Arctic Ocean, General of the Hydrograph Corps Fedor Kirillovich Drizhenko (22.IV.1858 - 16.IV.1922)” ^[5]

.

The grave of F. K. Drizhenko is an object of cultural heritage of regional significance (Decision of the Executive Committee of the Krasnoyarsk Regional Council of People's Deputies dated 05.11.1990 No. 279) ^[6] .

In St. Petersburg - Petrograd

Middle Vasilievsky Island Avenue, 67

In Krasnoyarsk

Karl Marx Street (former Gostinskaya), an outhouse of the house N 83. At this address he lived the whole period of stay in Krasnoyarsk and died there.

• Baikal railway crossing
• Hydrographic expedition of the Baikal Lake
• Circum-Baikal Railway
• Sedov, George Yakovlevich
• Baikal

• Kolotilo L. G. Drizhenko Fedor Kirillovich // Marine encyclopedic dictionary. - T. 1. - SPb. : Shipbuilding, 1991. - p. 426.
• Kolotilo L. G. Fedor Kirillovich Drizhenko (1858–1922). - SPb. : Science, 1997. - 128 p. - (Series "Scientific and biographical literature"). - ISBN 5-02-024722-7
• L. Kolotilo. Baikal Naval Sailors: Problems of Historical Reconstruction of the Activities of Russian Navy Naval Marines in the Physico-Geographical Study and Development of Lake Baikal in the XVIII — XX Centuries - SPb. : Science, 2004. - 560 p. - ISBN 5-02-025048-1
• L.G. Kolotilo, V.G. Andrienko. Trans-Baikal intersection: problems of transport routes and railway ferry across Lake Baikal at the turn of the 19th-20th centuries. - SPb. : Science, 2005. - 520 p. - ISBN 5-02-025060-0
• Obituary // Krasnoyarsk Worker. - № 105 dated May 15, 1922.
• Karachagin V., Varnek V. General of the corps of hydrographs . // "Krasnoyarsk worker". - May 8, 2008.
• Karelia: encyclopedia: in 3 t. / Ch. ed. A. F. Titov. - T. 1: A — Y. - Petrozavodsk: PetroPress Publishing House, 2007. - p. 317–400 pp., Ill., Maps. ISBN 978-5-8430-0123-0 (t. 1)