Garden (Kalmykia)

It was founded in 1849. The foundation of the village is connected with the policy of settling the Kalmyk steppes with immigrants for servicing tracts and maintaining postal stations, attracting the local Kalmyk population to a sedentary lifestyle, and the possibility for Orthodox missionaries to preach Christianity among Kalmyks practicing Buddhism.

On December 30, 1846, Emperor Nicholas I issued a personal decree: “On the settlement of roads in the Kalmyk lands of the Astrakhan province,” regarding the way Kalmyks populate stations along the tracts — the roads of the Kalmyk steppe and, at the same time, settlements in each of these stations with a known number of families of Russian serfs and state peasants, for servicing postal tracts and stations on these tracts. If Kalmyks expressed a desire to settle in stations, then they were given a cash allowance with a simultaneous permission to use ulus pastures. The size of the pasture provided to the settled Kalmyk depended on its class. The Noyons were given 1,500 dessiatins per capita of his family, the aimah rulers - 400 dessiatins each, the unmarried rulers - 200 dessiatins, and the Kalmyks commoners and Russian peasants - 30 dessiatins each. By decree, it was established to populate 44 stations in the Kalmyk and Russian populations, including Sadovaya station, on Kalmyk lands previously granted to descendants of the Shcherbinin clan. According to this decree, it was supposed to assign 30 acres of land and one fifth of the reserve to each commoner - a Russian peasant and Kalmyk - a commoner. Allocated land was to be provided to settled Kalmyks for perpetual use, in addition, they retained the right to participate in cattle grazing on common lands allocated to uluses ^[3] .

It was not possible to accustom the Kalmyk population to sedentary life, and the Ministry of State Property on February 28, 1850 ordered the chief trustee to find the necessary resettlement contingent at the indicated stations. The main trustee appealed to the Kharkov, Voronezh and Tambov chambers with a request to announce to the peasants about the opportunity to move to the Kalmyk steppes ^[3] .

Sadovaya station is mentioned in the List of Populated Places of the Astrakhan Province for 1859. In 1859, at the Sadovaya station, there were 101 courtyards, there was an Orthodox prayer house, in total 788 residents lived ^[4] .

During the implementation of the Instructions of 1846 on the settlement of roads passing through the Kalmyk steppe of the Astrakhan province, the Tundutovsky volost administration was created, which included the villages of Tundutovsky, Sadovsky, Plodovitensky and Tsatsynsky.

After the February Revolution , in 1917, the volost administration was abolished.

During the Great Patriotic War , during the German offensive in the summer of 1942, the village was occupied, but in mid-August 1942 the front line stabilized along the lines of Small Derbets - Khanata - Lake Sarpa - Sarpinsky state farm. As a result, the village turned out to be in the front line. The reconnaissance of the 91st Infantry Division of the Red Army was able to establish contacts with the residents of Sadovoy, who transmitted them intelligence information ^[5] .

From September 29 to October 4, 1942, the combined army detachment of the 51st Army led by Colonel E. F. Makarchuk (852nd Infantry Regiment, reinforced by one battalion of the 91st Infantry Division and the jet artillery division) fought for Sadovoye. German-Romanian troops lost up to 3 thousand troops and a significant amount of equipment in battles ^[6] .

On the night of November 6, 1942, a group of U-2 night bombers attacked the Romanian headquarters located in Sadovy, at the same time the combined detachment of the 91st Infantry Division (infantry battalion, reconnaissance, cavalry squadron, artillery battery and 5 tanks) went under the command of the colonel L. M. Pokrovsky. As a result of the operation, Sadovoe was repulsed, but on November 9, 1942, Soviet troops were forced to retreat to their previous positions. On November 19, 1942, Soviet troops went on the offensive near Stalingrad , on the night of November 20, 1942, sappers of the 91st RKKA Rifle Division secretly made passages in minefields and wire fences at the front line and at dawn on November 20, 1942, the division launched an attack, during which Sadovoe was released ^[5] .

In 2000 and 2001, there were several ethnic conflicts in Sadovoye between the local Kalmyk population and representatives of the Caucasian peoples. On August 29, 2005, the authorities destroyed an illegally constructed mosque in the village ^[7] .

The village is located within the Ergeninsky Upland, which is part of the East European Plain , on the right bank of the Zelmen River. The average height above sea level is 32 m ^[8] . The general slope of the terrain from south to north. The terrain is hilly-plain, strongly dissected by beams and ravines. In the vicinity there are shelterbelts ^[9] . Common soils are chestnut solonetzic and solonchak and solonetzic (automorphic) ^[10]

Climate

The climate is temperate continental (according to the Köppen - Dfa climate classification ), with hot and arid summers and relatively cold and little snowy winters. The average annual air temperature is positive and amounts to + 9.0 ° C, and the long-term rainfall rate is 334 mm. During the year, the amount of precipitation is distributed relatively evenly: the least amount of precipitation falls in October (21 mm), the largest - in June (37 mm) ^[8] .

Timezone

Population dynamics

Sadovoye village is the third most populated rural settlement of Kalmykia (after Troitsky and Yashkul ).

National composition

According to the 2002 census, the majority of the population of the village were Russians (77%) ^[23]

Medical care is provided by the Sarpinsky central district hospital located in Sadovoye village ^[24] .

By road, the distance to the capital of Kalmykia, the city ​​of Elista is 170 km, to the nearest city of Volgograd, Volgograd region - 120 km ^[25] . There is an asphalt road to the village from the Volgograd - Elista M6 federal highway (4 km).

Currently, there is no direct route between the village and the capital of Kalmykia . The bus station is not operational. The control tower of passing intercity transport is located in the Sputnik cinema. Communication between Sadovoy and Elista is currently carried out by the Elista - Volgograd intercity bus, or by private carriers.

• Babichev Vladimir Stepanovich (1939-2010) - Soviet, Russian politician.
• Dmitry A. Makovkin (1984-2013) is a senior police sergeant who prevented a suicide bomber from entering the railway station during a terrorist attack in Volgograd and died in a subsequent explosion.
• Orgaev Nikolay Orgaevich (1920-1996) - dzhangarchi , Honored Worker of Culture of Kalmykia.