Lorer, Nikolai Ivanovich

Birth, Early Years

Year of birth 1794 on ESB . Born in a large family (Nikolai had two more brothers and five sisters), the landowner of the Kherson province - Ivan Ivanovich and Ekaterina Evseevna Lorer (nee Tsitsianova ). After the death of his father in 1812, he was brought up on the estate of P.V. Kapnist in the Poltava province (mentor - Herrguter Niederstetter).

Personal life

The ancestors of N.I. Lorera are the French Loreins from Lorraine, who resettled as a result of religious persecution in Germany, where they quickly became Germanized. The father of the Decembrist, Ivan Ivanovich Lorer, a colonel, arrived in Russia in the early 1750s with a small detachment of Holstein soldiers of Peter III . After the resignation - a nobleman of the Kherson province, a college adviser, an adviser to the Ascension Provincial Government, and subsequently the Kherson vice-governor. I.I. Lorer married the Georgian, Princess Ekaterina Evseevna Tsitsianova. Tsitsianovs (Tsitsishvili) - a clan descending from the most ancient Kartalin and Kakheti princes, who were related by a female line with Georgian kings. A mixture of different nationalities clearly reflected on the character of Nicholas and his entire family. Brothers - Alexander (1779-18.02.1824, from consumption) - cavalryman, lancer, wounded near Austerlitz ; Dmitry - retired captain; sisters - Catherine, married to Artemy Efimovich Voronovsky; Elizabeth, married to a cornet Sergei Efimovich Kakhov; Hope (d. 1825) in his first marriage for Osip Ivanovich Rosset (daughter - the famous Alexandra Smirnova-Rosset ), in her second marriage for Ivan Karlovich Arnoldi ; Evdokia, married to Vantos Ivanovich Dragnevich; Vera, married to Mazaraki. Wife (since 1843) - Nadezhda Ivanovna (nee Izotova). Children - Vera (born 17.10.1844), married to the commander of the Olviopol hussar regiment Wilhelm Karlovich Grotgus, Catherine, son. The illegitimate son - Dmitry Koroletin (born 1834), was raised in the family of D.I. Lorera; mother - Elena Mikhailovna Koroletina (Koromtina?), a resident of Kurgan, later in the marriage of Kalugin ^[1] .

Beginning

From March 22, 1812 - in the Noble Regiment at the Second Cadet Corps, from where he was released as an ensign in the army on November 21, 1812, and on July 12, 1813 was transferred to the Life Guards Lithuanian Regiment . He participated in the wars and campaigns of 1812-1814 ( Dresden , Kulm , Leipzig , Paris ). Second Lieutenant - August 26, 1817, Lieutenant - July 4, 1818. On November 11, 1819, he was dismissed from service due to domestic circumstances; on May 21, 1820 he again entered the service in the Life Guards of the Moscow Regiment (formerly the Lithuanian Regiment). From November 26, 1822, the major, on March 26, 1824, was transferred to the Vyatka Infantry Regiment . He was close to P.I. Pestel .

According to the memoirs of contemporaries, Lorer was:

"An incorrigible optimist, a" fiery romantic ", a" cheerful sufferer ". Extremely lively and multilaterally gifted, Lorer wrote poetry, composed stories, was musically gifted, and subtly felt nature. He was an amazing storyteller and an extremely cheerful, witty, lively conversationalist. ”

Prosperity, Mature Years

Freemason , member of the Palestinian Masonic Lodge and foreign lodge in Offenbach. He was read by the works of Franklin, Filangieri, Say . Member of the Northern and Southern Secret Societies. E.P. Obolensky was accepted into the secret society in 1824.

Arrested in Tulchin on December 23, 1825. The arrest order is December 30, 1825. Delivered to St. Petersburg on January 3, 1826, and imprisoned in the Peter and Paul Fortress , at No. 3 of the Kronverksky Curtain. Sentenced to IV category and confirmed on July 10, 1826, sentenced to hard labor for 15 years and sentenced to life imprisonment. Later, the sentence was commuted, the term of penal servitude was reduced to 12, and on August 22, 1826, to 8 years.

On January 27, 1827, he was sent from the Peter and Paul Fortress to Siberia (signs: height 2 arshins 8 inches, “the face is white, round, clean, eyes are dark brown, the nose is large, sharp, with a hump, the hair on the head and eyebrows is dark-brown, slightly bald”). March 17, 1827 delivered to the Chita prison . In September 1830 he arrived at the Petrovsky Plant . By a decree on November 8, 1832, he was sent to a settlement, because of the inability to receive sufficient help from his relatives, he applied for settlement with M. M. Naryshkin , “in whose family he can find shelter”, which was initially refused, and he was sent in s. Dead Kultuk on Lake Baikal ( Irkutsk province ), but soon at the request of the emperor from his niece , A.O. Rosset was transferred to the city of Kurgan, Kurgan District, Tobolsk Province . March 14, 1833 Lorer arrived in Kurgan. Here he read and wrote a lot, composed petitions to the townspeople, and helped the Naryshkins with the housework. In the evenings, when they gathered friends, Decembrists, close people, Lorer was the soul of this society, an excellent storyteller. Nikolai Ivanovich wrote poetry, composed stories, was musically gifted, subtly felt nature. He spoke French, English, German, Italian, Polish.

The Decembrist M. A. Bestuzhev tells in his "Notes" that N. Lorer:

“There was such a skilful storyteller that I had never seen in my life. Without being highly educated, he spoke four languages ​​(French, English, German, and Italian), and if Polish and natural Russian were included here, then in all these six languages ​​he made a mistake in two words in the third, but meanwhile a lively story, what kind of warmth, what kind of facial expressions! .. The most flaw, that is, an unfounded knowledge of languages, helped him as much as possible: if he could not find the phrase in Russian, he explained it in the first language that came to hand and, moreover, inserting and words and phrases in this phrase of other languages. Sometimes in a story he suddenly stops, does not say a word, but makes a gesture or a mine - and everyone understands. ”

According to the highest command announced by the Minister of War on June 21, 1837, he was appointed a private in the Caucasus Corps , on July 28, 1837 he was appointed to the Tenginsky Infantry Regiment , and on August 21, 1837 he left Kurgan.

August 28, 1838 - non-commissioned officer, October 10, 1840 - ensign. February 11, 1842 he was dismissed from service with the prohibition of entry into the capital.

End of life, death

He first settled in Kherson, and then moved to the estate of his brother D. I. Lorer s. Water of Kherson County. According to the highest command issued by the Minister of War on January 18, 1851, D.I. Lorer was allowed to transfer, upon his death, to N.I. Lorer, with a spiritual testament, in hereditary possession of his family estate. On January 30, 1851, he was released from supervision with the permission to temporarily come to Moscow; on August 29, 1855, he was allowed to come to St. Petersburg. August 26, 1856 released from all restrictions on the manifesto of amnesty. He settled in Poltava , where he died in 1873 ^[2] .

• “Caucasian Memoirs” (“Russian Archive” pr. I — II);
• “Memories” (“Russian Wealth”, 1904, No. 3, 6, 7 (with abbreviations));
• "Notes of the Decembrist" ("East Siberian Book Publishing House", 1984, Series "Polar Star");