Alyutortsy ( alyutor. Alutal'u ) is an ethnic group from the official list of indigenous peoples of the North of Russia. In 2010, virtually ceased to exist as a separate people . They lived in the north of the Kamchatka Territory . The traditional language is Alutor , later they switched to Russian . Mainly considered a sub-ethnic group of Koryaks . The ethnic identity of the Aleutorets was formed under the significant linguistic and cultural influence of the Koryaks and Eskimos . The main religions are shamanism , cults of ancestors, spirits.
| Alutorians | |
|---|---|
| Modern self-name | alutal'u |
| Total: | |
| Extinct | |
| Language | Russian , Alutor |
| Religion | shamanism |
| Related peoples | Koryaks , Chukchi , Kereks , Itelmens |
Content
- 1 Culture
- 2 loss of self-awareness
- 3 References
- 4 notes
- 5 Literature
Culture
The traditional farming of the Alutoryans combined reindeer husbandry with fishing and marine hunting. They were engaged in fishing in the summer, from mid-June to mid-September, and during the longest course, the fish moved to the estuaries. Most of the catch went to Yukola - the main food of the Alutoryans - which was also fed to dogs used as sledding animals. They were engaged in marine fishing in the spring and autumn seasons. They used the meat and fat of a sea animal, eating it either immediately or making stocks of them, and the fat also served as a light. Sea hunting products were also exchanged for deer skins and meat. From December to February hunted for fur animals. They were also engaged in small-scale reindeer herding . [2]
Loss of self
In Russia, according to the data of the All-Russian Population Census 2002, the Aleutorets did not stand out separately and were mainly included in the Koryak community , among whom 3 people identified themselves as “Aleutorets”, 3 more people as “alutalu”, 6 people as “olutorets”, that is only 12 Alutorians. [3] The 2010 All-Russian Census of Population no longer mentions the Aleutorets even as a sub-ethnic group. According to the 2002 census, 40 people in Russia spoke Alutor language , including 2 Koryak in the former Koryak Autonomous Region of the Kamchatka Territory . [4] [5] According to the 2010 census, 25 native-speaking speakers were identified. [6]
Links
Notes
- ↑ Alutorians // “Historical Encyclopedia of Siberia” (2009)
- ↑ Alutorians
- ↑ 2002 All-Russian Population Census. LIST OF POPULATION SELF-IDENTITY OPPOSED IN CENSUS LISTS ON THE QUESTION “YOUR NATIONAL ACCESSORIES”
- ↑ All-Russian Population Census 2002. T.04.04. THE PREVALENCE OF LANGUAGE OWNERSHIP IN RUSSIA (2002)
- ↑ All-Russian Population Census 2002. T.04.06. POSSIBILITY OF LANGUAGES (EXCEPT RUSSIAN) BY THE POPULATION OF INDIVIDUAL NATIONALITIES BY REPUBLIC, AUTONOMOUS REGION AND AUTONOMOUS DISTRICTS OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
- ↑ 2010 Census
Literature
- Alyutorets // Big Russian Encyclopedia : electronic version. - 2016. - Date of treatment: 03.03.2018.
- Antropova V.V. Culture and life of Koryak. L., 1971;
- Vdovin I.S. History of the study of Paleo-Asian languages. M .; L., 1954;
- Vdovin I. S. Essays on the ethnic history of Koryak. L., 1973;
- History and culture of Koryak. St. Petersburg, 1993;
- Kibrik A.E. , Kodzasov S.V. , Muravyova I.A. Language and folklore of the Alutor. M., 2000.
- Krasheninnikov S.P. Description of the land of Kamchatka. Ed. 4th. M .; L., 1949
- Meletinsky E.M. Paleo-Asian mythological epic. M., 1979;
- Okhotnikov A. Yu. Alyutortsy // Encyclopedic History of Siberia. T. I AI. / ch. ed. B. A. Lamin ; Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of History, Novosibirsk: Historical Heritage of Siberia 2009. - 716 p.
- Stebnitsky S.N. Nymylany-Alutor residents. (To the question of the origin of reindeer husbandry in the southern Koryaks) // Soviet ethnography . 1938. No. 1.
- Stebnitsky S.N. Nymylany-Karagins based on the materials of S.P. Krasheninnikov // Soviet North . L., 1939. No. 2.
- Stebnitsky S. N. Essays on the language and folklore of Koryak. SPb., 1994