The football league system in Russia consists of four levels and is managed by four organizations: the Russian Premier League , the National Football League , the Professional Football League and the Amateur Football League . He oversees tournaments and is responsible for the overall organization of competitions in the country Russian Football Union .
Content
- 1 General
- 2 The evolution of the structure of national football leagues in Russia
- 3 Evolution of the organizers of the divisions
- 4 Current structure
- 5 Outside the league structure
- 6 notes
General Provisions
The Championship of Russia (the tournament in which the champion of Russia is annually determined) is held in the top division ( RPL , formerly the Premier League, Premier Division, RFPL).
Competitions in the lower divisions ( FNL Championship , formerly First League, First Division; PFL Championship , formerly Second League, Second Division; and in 1994-1997 also the Third League ) belong to the Russian Championship in the structure of professional (non-amateur) competitions (teams of masters), and they determine the winners of the respective tournaments, who receive, in accordance with the principles of rotation between the leagues, the opportunity to upgrade in the class, that is, move to a higher division.
The third and fourth divisions are competitions of non-professional (amateur) clubs (the third division is semi-professional). The replenishment of professional leagues / divisions is carried out mainly according to the principles of compliance with the financial and infrastructural requirements for candidate clubs. Decisions to include the club among the participants in professional competitions are made by a special commission of the RFU . Often, the winners of the third division do not go higher due to non-compliance with these requirements, as a rule - there are no attempts and intentions themselves in view of an adequate assessment of their own capabilities, expressed primarily in the lack of funding at the proper (required) level.
The evolution of the structure of national football leagues in Russia
Divisions under the Premier League Divisions running FNL Divisions under the management of PFL Divisions under the management of LFL (2004—2010) and LRO
| Years | D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 | D5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1992-1993 | Major League | League One | League Two | Championship KFK | |
| 1994-1997 | Third league | Championship KFK (in 1996-1997 - Fourth League) | |||
| 1998 [1] —2001 | Top division | First division | Second division | Championship KFK / Championship LFK (2004–2010 - LFL) / III division | Fourth Division (region.) |
| 2002—2010 | Russian Football Premier League | ||||
| from 2011/12 | FNL Championship | ||||
| from 2013/14 | PFL Championship | ||||
| from 2018/19 | Russian Premier League |
Division Organizer Evolution
Professional (non-amateur) divisions Amateur level
| Years | D1 | D2 | D3 | D4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1992-1993 | PFL | |||
| 1994-1997 | PFL | |||
| 1998-2001 | PFL | |||
| 2002-2003 | RFPL | PFL | ||
| 2004—2010 | LFL | |||
| 2011—2013 | Fnl | DFT [2] RFU [3] | ||
| 2013 - n. at. | PFL | |||
Current structure
| Level | League / Divisions | ||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| one | Russian Premier League Russian championship 16 clubs | ||||||||||||||||||||
| ↑ ↓ 2-4 clubs (go to minor league) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 2 | National Football League FNL Championship 20 clubs | ||||||||||||||||||||
| ↑ ↓ 5 clubs (go to league) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| 3 | Professional Football League PFL Championship | ||||||||||||||||||||
| West 14 clubs | Center 14 clubs | South 16 clubs | Ural-Volga region 12 clubs | East 6 clubs | |||||||||||||||||
| four | Division III [4] LRO - interregional associations | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Northwest | Gold ring | MFF * - Moscow (Group A) / Moscow Championship (Division A) | FFMO * - Championship of the Moscow Region (League A) | South | Chernozemye | Ural and Western Siberia | Volga region | Far East | Siberia (Major League) | ||||||||||||
| FFMO * - Championship of the Moscow Region ( League B) | Siberia (League One) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 5 | Division IV [5] championships of subjects of the Federation (regional) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| LRO Northwest | IFF Golden Ring | MFF * - Moscow (Group B) / Moscow Championship (Division B) | FFMO * - Championship (championship) of the Moscow region (League B) | LRO SFD | SFF Center | MPO Ural and Western Siberia | MFS Volga region | Far Eastern Football Union | SFF Siberia | ||||||||||||
| 6— | V Division [6] and below | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Regional (regional, provincial) championships (level of subjects of the Federation), municipal championships (city level), municipal championships, championships and championships of intracity (district and district) level, etc. | |||||||||||||||||||||
* Note . Until 2004 [ specify ] the year of the competition in the zones “Moscow” and “Moscow Region” was under the jurisdiction of the MRO Center .
Outside the league structure
- The youth championship for the teams of the Premier League Premier League (in 2001–2008 - the doubles tournament ) is not included in the system of professional leagues, being a separate tournament. Until 2001, the duplicate squads of clubs had the opportunity to participate in zone tournaments of the lowest professional level (Second and Third leagues of the PFL) without the right to transfer to a higher division. In the future, there appeared the practice of creating second-team and second-team clubs by second teams on the basis of youth teams / takes, which were included in the competitions of the Second Division, and subject to the performance of the first team in the top division, the second teams were given the opportunity to rise from the second division (PFL Championship) to the first (FNL Championship); examples are “ Zenit-2 ”, “ Spartak-2 ”, if “ Spartak ” and “ Zenith ” have parallel youth teams participating in the Youth Championship.
- U-17 Youth Football League - created in April 2019. In the 2019/20 season, the SFL consists of 12 of the country's strongest academies: Spartak, CSKA, Lokomotiv, Dynamo, Chertanovo, Strogino (all - Moscow), UOR-5 (Moscow Region), " Zenit, SSOR Zenit (both St. Petersburg), Krasnodar (Krasnodar), Rubin (Kazan) and Konoplev Academy (Samara Region). The winner of this tournament will become the owner of a ticket to the UEFA Youth Champions League .
Notes
- ↑ Now the leagues will be called divisions - Sport Express. October 31, 1997
- ↑ Departments and departments (inaccessible link) . RFU website. Date accessed August 24, 2017. Archived August 25, 2017.
- ↑ In 2011-2013, competitions were organized by the DPF (Department of Professional Football) of the RFU.
- ↑ From season to season, the composition of leagues does not change very much, since rotation with regional championships is small
- ↑ The division includes republican, regional, district and regional independent championships with their own football league systems. This also includes the championship of St. Petersburg (in the major league)
- ↑ The division includes republican, regional, district and regional independent championships with their own football league systems. This also includes the championship of St. Petersburg (in the first league) .