Armored cruisers of the Drake type are a series of ships of the British Royal Navy , built at the beginning of the 20th century. They became the development of armored cruisers of the Kressi type, in the royal fleet they were listed as cruisers of the 1st class. In total, 4 units were built: “Drake”, “ Good Hope ”, “Leviathan”, “King Alfred”. All of them took an active part in the First World War .
| Armored Drake Cruisers | |
|---|---|
| Drake class cruisers | |
 Armored Cruiser Drake | |
| Project | |
| A country |
|
| Preceding type | Armored cruisers of the Kressi type |
| Subsequent type | Kent Armored Cruisers |
| Built | four |
| Scrapped | 2 |
| Losses | 2 |
| Main characteristics | |
| Displacement | 14,376 t |
| Length | 162.61 m |
| Width | 21.74 m |
| Draft | 7.92 m |
| Reservation | belt - 51 ... 152 mm traverses - 127 mm deck - 25 ... 63 mm towers - 152 mm barbettes 152 mm casemates - 127 mm cutting - 305 mm |
| Engines | 2 triple expansion steam engines , 43 Belleville steam boilers |
| Power | 30 850 l. from. (22.7 Mw ) |
| Mover | 2 screws |
| Speed | 23 knots (42.6 km / h ) |
| Sailing range | 8,200 miles at 10 knots |
| Fuel supply | 1250 dl. t (normal) 2500 dl. t (full) |
| Crew | 900 |
| Armament | |
| Artillery | 2 × 1 - 234 mm / 46.7 Mk X, 16 × 1 - 152 mm / 45, 12 × 1 - 76 mm / 40, 2 × 1 - 76 mm / 28 (landing), 3 × 1 - 47 mm |
| Mine torpedo weapons | 2 × 1 - 457 mm torpedo tubes [1] |
The project was criticized for its excessive size and cost, which led to the development of "moderate" armored cruisers such as " Kent ".
Content
Design
The project carried a clear anti-cruising focus. The ships were designed to withstand the French armored cruisers in the war on the trade routes [2] They were also designed to withstand the new Russian armored cruiser "Stormbreaker", albeit not a fast, but solidly armored and armed [3] , since the existing cruisers of the type " Cressi ”did not have enough speed to counter the French and power to counter the Russian cruiser, but the level of protection was quite satisfactory. Therefore, the new cruisers were primarily required a high speed of 23 knots for their time, so the cruisers were built around a power plant: two giant steam engines and 43 Belleville boilers [3] .
Design
An enlarged version of the cruiser "Kressi" with more powerful weapons and greater speed. In size it corresponded to Powerful, in reservation for Cressi, in armament superior to both of them.
Corps
The number of add-ons was sharply reduced - the silhouette became lower. Draft - limited to the Suez Canal.
Powerplant
The main power plant included 43 Belleville steam boilers and two triple expansion steam engines , the design capacity of the power plant: 30,000 liters. from. Coal stock: normal 1250 dl. t , full 2500 dl. t. [4]
All cruisers exceeded design speed. On sea trials, "Drake" reached a speed of 24.11 knots (44.65 km / h) [4] . The calculations for achieving a great range also came true, it was 8,200 miles on the move 10 knots [4] [5] .
Booking
Krupp armor . The main armor belt was 152 mm thick, 3.5 m high and 78 m long, behind it was closed by a 127 mm armored beam, there was no nasal traverse, which is strange for the counterrader. In the bow there was an armor belt, thinning to the nose from 102 mm to 51 mm. The armored deck had a thickness of 25 mm, and from the feed beam to the stern its thickness was 63 mm, which was thinner than on the Kressi [6] . The thickness of the armor of the towers was 152 mm, the thickness of the armor of the casemates was from 127 to 51 mm, the conning tower was 305 mm. The length of the armor belt is 122 m. The total area of the reserved side is 30%.
Armament
The main caliber consisted of two 9.2-inch (234 mm / 45) guns of the new model in single-gun turrets, in the bow and stern [6] . The installations had an elevation angle of up to 15 °, which provided a maximum range of 14,200 m for 170 kg of shells. The average caliber consisted of 16 6-inch Mk VII guns, which were located in the casemates in the midship. Eight of them were installed on the main deck and could only be used in calm weather. They fired 45.4 kg of shells and had a maximum range of 12,200 yards (11,200 m). Twelve 12-pound guns were designed to protect against destroyers. Two 12-pound 8 cwt guns were designed to support the landing. The cruisers also had three 3-pound guns of Hotchkiss and two underwater 18-inch (457 mm) [com. 1] torpedo tubes [4] .
| Gun | 9.2 "/ 46.7 Mark X | 6 "/ 45 Mark VII |
|---|---|---|
| Year of operation | 1900 | 1901 |
| Caliber mm | 234 | 152 |
| Barrel length, calibres | 46.7 | 45 |
| Rate of fire, rounds per minute | 3 - 4 [room 2] | 5 - 7 |
| Declination angles | -5 ° / + 15 ° | -7 ° / + 15 ° |
| Type of loading | cap | cap |
| Projectile weight kg | 172.4 | 45.4 |
| Initial speed, m / s | 847 | 784 |
| Maximum firing range, m | 14,170 | 11,200 |
Service
- “ Drake ” was laid down on 24.4.99, launched on 5.3.01, went into operation on 13.1.1903, U-79 was sunk on 2.10.1917 [4]
- “ Good Hope ” (ex HMS Africa ) 11.9.99 / 21.2.01 / 8.11.1902, died 1.11.1914 [4]
- " King Alfred " 11.8.99 / 28.10.01 / 22.12.1903, expelled in 1920 [4]
- “ Leviathan ” 11/30/99 / 3.7.01 / 16.6.1903, expelled in 1920 [4]
Project Evaluation
At the time of commissioning, the cruisers were considered successful [5] [4] .
| The Gluar [7] | Cressi [8] | The Stormbreaker [9] | " Joan of Arc " [10] | Drake [4] | Friedrich Karl [11] | Izumo [12] | Bayan | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bookmark year | 1899 | 1898 | 1898 | 1899 | 1899 | 1901 | 1898 | 1900 |
| Year of commissioning | 1903 | 1901 | 1900 | 1902 | 1903 | 1903 | 1900 | 1903 |
| Normal displacement, t | 9856 | 12 193 | 12 359 | 11 270 | 14,224 | 9087 | 9906 | 7326 |
| Full, t [com. 3] | ? | 9875 | 10 305? | 8238 | ||||
| PowerPM , l from. | 21 800 | 21,000 | 14,500 | 33,000 | 30,000 | 17,000 | 14,500 | 16 500 |
| Maximum speed, knots | 21.5 | 21 | 19 | 21.8 | 23 | 20.5 | 20.75 | 20.9 |
| Range, miles (on the go, knots.) | 6500 (10) | 7200 (10) | 8,200 (10) | 13,500 (10) | 8,200 (10) | 5000 (10) | 4900 (10) | 3900 (10) |
| Booking mm | ||||||||
| Type of armor [room four] | HS | The cop | HS | HS | The cop | The cop | The cop | HS |
| Belt | 150 | 152 | 152 | 150 | 152 | one hundred | 178 | 200 |
| Deck (bevels) | 55 (45) | 38 (38) | 38-64 (carapace) | 64 (35) | 25-63 (karapasnaya) | 40 (50) | 63 (63) | 60 |
| Towers | 170 | 152 | - | 160 | 152 | 150 | 152 | 150 |
| Barbets | 140 | 152 | - | 140 | 152 | 150 | 152 | 150 |
| Cutting | 150 | 305 | 305 | 150 | 305 | 150 | 356 | 160 |
| Armament | 2 × 194 mm / 40 8 × 1 × 164 mm / 45 6 × 100 mm 18 × 1 × 47 mm / 43 2 TA | 2 × 1 × 234 mm / 46.7 12 × 1 × 152 mm / 45 12 × 1 × 76.2 mm / 40 3 × 1 × 47 mm / 43 2 TA | 4 × 203 mm / 45 16 × 1 × 152 mm / 45 24 × 1 × 75 mm / 50 12 × 1 × 47 mm / 43 2 TA | 2 × 194 mm / 40 16 × 1 × 138 mm / 45 16 × 1 × 47 mm / 43 2 TA | 2 × 1 × 234 mm / 46.7 16 × 1 × 152 mm / 45 12 × 1 × 76.2 mm / 40 3 × 1 × 47 mm / 43 2 TA | 2 × 2 × 210 mm / 40 10 × 1 × 150 mm / 40 12 × 1 × 88 mm / 35 4 TA | 2 × 2 × 203 mm / 40 14 × 1 × 152 mm / 40 12 × 1 × 76.2 mm / 40 5 TA | 2 × 203 mm / 45 8 × 1 × 152 mm / 45 20 × 1 × 75 mm / 50 8 × 1 × 47 mm / 43 2 TA |
Comments
- ↑ actual ∅ torpedoes 17.72 inches (450 mm)
- ↑ practical combat rate of fire 2 rounds per minute
- ↑ For British and American ships in the sources, displacement is given in long tons , so it is converted to metric tons
- ↑ For five inches and thicker.
Notes
- ↑ All characteristics are given according to Nenakhov Yu. Yu. Decree. Op. S. 306.
- ↑ At the Turn of the Century, 2005 , p. 86.
- ↑ 1 2 Cruisers, 2015 , p. 45.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 All the World's Fighting Ships, 1860-1905, 1980 , p. 69.
- ↑ 1 2 Cruisers, 2015 , p. 47.
- ↑ 1 2 Cruisers, 2015 , p. 46.
- ↑ All the World's Fighting Ships 1860-1905 / R. Gardiner. - London: Conway Maritime Press, 1979.- P. 305.
- ↑ All the World's Fighting Ships, 1860-1905, 1980 , p. 68.
- ↑ All the World's Fighting Ships, 1860-1905, 1980 , p. 190.
- ↑ All the World's Fighting Ships, 1860-1905, 1980 , p. 304.
- ↑ Gröner . Band 1. - P.76
- ↑ All the World's Fighting Ships, 1860-1905, 1980 , p. 225.
Links
- Britain 9.2 "/ 47 (23.4 cm) Mark IX . Date accessed December 12, 2012. Archived December 17, 2012.
- Britain 6 "/ 45 (15.2 cm) BL Mark VII
Literature
- Nenakhov Yu. Yu. Encyclopedia of the Cruisers 1860-1910. - Minsk: Harvest, 2006. - ISBN 5-17-030194-4 .
- Parks O. Battleships of the British Empire. Part V. At the turn of the century / S.E. Vinogradov. - SPb. : Galeia Print, 2005 .-- 112 p. - 500 copies. - ISBN 5-8172-0100-3 .
- Chesneau, Roger & Kolesnik. Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships, 1860-1905 / R. Gardiner. - London: Conway Maritime Press, 1980 .-- 440 p. - ISBN 0-85177-133-5 .
- Gröner, Erich. Die deutschen Kriegsschiffe 1815-1945. Band 1: Panzerschiffe, Linienschiffe, Schlachschiffe, Flugzeugträger, Kreuzer, Kanonenboote. - Bernard & Graefe Verlag, 1982. - 180 p. - ISBN 978-3763748006 .
- Lisitsyn F.V. World War I / Executive Editor L. Nezvinskaya. - M .: Yauza, EKSMO, 2015 .-- 448 p. - (War at sea). - 1400 copies. - ISBN 978-5-699-84344-2 .