Armored cruisers of the Cressey type are a series of ships of the British Royal Navy , built at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. "Cressi" were developed in contrast to the French cruisers such as "Moncalm" . They became the ancestors of a new generation of British armored cruisers, in the royal fleet they were listed as 1st class cruisers. In total, 6 units were built: Cressy , Sutlej , Aboukir , Hogue , Bacchante , Euryalis . All of them took an active part in the First World War .
| Armored cruisers of the Kressi type | |
|---|---|
| Armor cruiser cressy | |
 Armored Cruiser Cressi | |
| Project | |
| A country |
|
| Preceding type | Tiara |
| Subsequent type | Drake |
| Main characteristics | |
| Displacement | 12 193 t (12,000 dl. T) |
| Length | 143.87 m |
| Width | 21.18 m |
| Draft | 7.92-8.3 m |
| Reservation | belt - 51 ... 152 mm traverses - 127 mm deck - 25 ... 76 mm towers - 152 mm casemates - 127 mm cutting - 305 mm |
| Engines | 2 triple expansion steam engines , 30 steam boilers |
| Power | 21 200 l. from. (15.6 MW ) |
| Mover | 2 screws |
| Speed | 21 knots (39 km / h ) |
| Autonomy of swimming | 30 days |
| Crew | 760 people |
| Armament | |
| Artillery | 2 × 1 234 mm / 46.7 12 × 1 - 152 mm / 45, 14 × 1 - 76 mm 3 × 1 - 47 mm |
| Mine torpedo armament | 2 × 1 - 457 mm torpedo tubes [1] |
Armored cruisers of the Drake type became their further development.
Content
- 1 Design
- 1.1 Case
- 1.2 Powerplant
- 1.3 Booking
- 1.4 Armament
- 2 Representatives
- 3 Service
- 4 Comments
- 5 notes
- 6 References
- 7 Literature
Design
Until 1898, the British Admiralty was limited only to the creation of armored cruisers. But then, when Krupp’s technology made it possible to add onboard armor strong enough to withstand the impact of a 6 "steel shell, while maintaining its previous dimensions and displacement, Britain returned to the armored cruiser class. The general architecture and silhouette of the Kressi type are the same like armored cruisers of the Diadem type .
Corps
The ships had a length of 143.9 m (472 ft), a width of 21.2 m (69 ft 6 in), a design draft of 7.92 m (26 ft) with normal and 8.2 m (26 ft 9 in) full displacement [ 2] .
Powerplant
Two 4-cylinder triple expansion steam engines, 30 Belleville steam boilers. Coal stock 1600 tons. Design capacity of the power plant: 21,000 liters. from.
Booking
A 70-meter belt of 152 mm Krupp armor 4.5 meters high, front and rear was closed by 127 mm armored traverses. The armored deck had a thickness of 25 mm, and from the feed beam to the stern its thickness was 76 mm. The thickness of the armor of the towers was 152 mm, the thickness of the armor of the casemates was from 127 to 51 mm, the conning tower was 305 mm [2] .
Armament
Armed similar to Powerful type cruisers .
But the new 234 mm guns could be charged at any elevation angle. They were located in single-armed towers, in the bow and stern. The installations had an elevation angle of up to 15 °, which provided a maximum range of 14,200 m for 170 kg of shells. The average caliber consisted of 12 6-inch Mk VII guns, which were located in the casemates on the sides. Eight of them were installed on the main deck and could only be used in calm weather. They fired 45.4 kg of shells and had a maximum range of 12,200 yards (11,200 m). Twelve 12-pound guns were designed to protect against destroyers, located eight in the casemates on the upper deck and four in the superstructure. Also on the cruisers were two underwater 18-inch (457 mm) [room. 1] torpedo tubes [2] .
| Gun | 9.2 "/ 46.7 Mark IX | 6 "/ 45 Mark VII |
|---|---|---|
| Year of operation | 1900 | 1901 |
| Caliber mm | 234 | 152 |
| Barrel length, calibres | 46.7 | 45 |
| Rate of fire, rounds per minute | 3 - 4 [room 2] | 5 - 7 |
| Declination angles | -7 ° / + 15 ° | -7 ° / + 15 ° |
| Type of loading | cap | cap |
| Projectile weight kg | 172.4 | 45.4 |
| Initial speed, m / s | 847 | 784 |
| Maximum firing range, m | 14,170 | 13 350 (at 20 °) |
Representatives
- “ Kressi ” was laid down on October 12, 1898, launched on December 4, 1899, and was commissioned on May 28, 1901.
- “ Satley ” was laid down on August 15, 1898, launched on November 11, 1899, and was commissioned on May 6, 1902.
- " Abukir " was laid down on November 9, 1898, launched on May 16, 1900, and was commissioned on April 3, 1902.
- The Hog was laid down on July 14, 1898, launched on August 13, 1900, and was commissioned on November 19, 1902.
- The Bashanti was laid down on February 15, 1899, launched on February 21, 1901, and was commissioned on November 25, 1902.
- The Yuriales was laid down on July 18, 1899, launched on May 20, 1901, and was commissioned on January 5, 1904.
Service
By the beginning of World War I, they were morally and physically outdated, however, the 7th cruiser squadron commanded by Rear Admiral Henry G was formed from the armored cruisers Kressi , Abukir , Hog , Bashanti and Yuriales Campbell. Due to the age of the ships, low speed, and due to the fact that they were manned by inexperienced reservists , the squadron was known as the "Live Bait Squadron". The Abukir, Kressi and Hog were sunk on September 22, 1914 by a German U-9 submarine. Of the 2296 crews of 3 cruisers, 62 officers and 1397 sailors were killed, the main merit in saving a significant part of 837 people (60 officers and 777 sailors) [3] belongs to the Dutch ship Flora.
Bashanti and Yuriales took part in the Dardanelles operation in 1915. Safely served until the end of World War I and scrapped in 1920.
Comments
- ↑ actual ∅ torpedoes 17.72 inches (450 mm)
- ↑ practical combat rate of fire 2 rounds per minute
Notes
- ↑ All characteristics are given according to Nenakhov Yu. Yu. Decree. Op. S. 303-304.
- ↑ 1 2 3 All the World's Fighting Ships, 1860-1905, 1980 , p. 68.
- ↑ Nenakhov Yu. Yu. Encyclopedia of the Cruisers 1860-1910. - S. 306.
Links
- Britain 9.2 "/ 47 (23.4 cm) Mark IX . Date accessed December 12, 2012. Archived December 17, 2012.
- Britain 6 "/ 45 (15.2 cm) BL Mark VII
- Armored cruisers of the Kressi type
- HMS Cressy
- HMS Cressy
- Hms aboukir
- Hms sutlej
- Hms bacchante
Literature
- Nenakhov Yu. Yu. Encyclopedia of the Cruisers 1860-1910. - Minsk: Harvest, 2006. - ISBN 5-17-030194-4 .
- Chesneau, Roger & Kolesnik. Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships, 1860-1905 / R. Gardiner. - London: Conway Maritime Press, 1980 .-- 440 p. - ISBN 0-85177-133-5 .