Dmitriy (Dmitro) Nikanovich Falkovsky (nee. Levchyuk ; Ukrainian. Dmitro Nikanorovich Falkivsky ; belor. Dzmitry Nichyparavich Falkovsky ; November 3, 1898 , the Bolshie Lepezy near Kobryn - December 17, 1934 ) was a woman on a fire , a woman , a woman , a woman , a woman , a woman , a woman , a woman , a woman , a woman , a woman , a woman , a man , a woman , a man , a woman , a woman , a woman , a woman , a woman , a woman , a man ,
| Dmitry Falkovsky | |
|---|---|
| ukr Dmitro Nikanorovich Falkivsky | |
 | |
| Birth name | Dmitry Nikanorovich Levchuk |
| Date of Birth | November 3, 1898 |
| Place of Birth | Bolshaya Lepesy , Kobrin district , Grodno province , Russian Empire (now Kobrin district of the Brest region , Belarus ) |
| Date of death | December 17, 1934 (36 years) |
| Place of death | Kiev , Ukrainian SSR |
| Citizenship (citizenship) | |
| Occupation | poet , translator |
| Years of creativity | 1912 - 1934 |
| Direction | social realism , romanticism |
| Language of Works | Ukrainian |
| Debut | poem " security officer " |
| Autograph |  |
Early years
Born into a peasant family in the village of Great Lepesa . Father - Nikanor Vasilevich Levchuk, Mother - Maria Gerasimovna [1] . The family was poor - his father worked in a brick factory [2] . Primary education in a rural school. He continued his education at the Kobrin Real School and the Brest-Litovsk Gymnasium. From the age of 14 he became interested in literature and began writing poetry, loved folk songs and music of Chopin , for playing his works he learned musical notation and bought a cheap piano [3] . Gymnasium did not finish, because in 1915 during the war Brest was occupied by the Germans. Knowing German well, Dmitro Falkovsky conducted agitation among German soldiers [3] . I got to the camp, but I was able to escape [3] . In 1918 he graduated from the courses of Ukrainian studies , which took place on the territory of the Brest Fortress . For a short time he worked as a teacher in a Ukrainian school in his native village.
Underground and party activities
In September 1918, he joined the Kobrin underground cell of the RCP (B) , in November 1918, he became one of the initiators of the creation of a partisan detachment in Kobrin district [4] , which led the fighting until the defeat by Polish troops in the spring of 1919. In 1920–1923, he worked in the Emergency Commission ( VChK ) in Belarus , where he was accepted thanks to gymnasium comrade F. Fedosyuk, who created a Soviet militia detachment and a department of ChubchK in Kobrin. After the “ Miracle on the Vistula, ” the Red Army units began to retreat, after which Dmitry Levchuk ended up in Gomel .
Creativity
In 1923, he became ill with tuberculosis [3] , he was commissioned and moved to Kiev , where he married a Siberian woman, Liliya Zolotavina. In the same year I changed my surname to Falkovsky. Most likely, the new surname was derived from the German word “falke”, meaning “ falcon ” [3] . Perhaps there was a connection with the German word "volk" - "the people" [3] . In Kiev, Falkovsky worked as a secretary in the editorial staff of the Kino magazine (1927–1933). He wrote poems, essays, screenplays, reviews of films, actively engaged in translation of poetry. As a poet, he debuted on the pages of the Kiev editions of the Bolshevik, Globus and Chervony Shlyakh. Famous works of this period are the poems “Chekist”, “Kraskom”, “Selkor”, “Iogan”, “Tov. Gnat, Shepherd. The lyrical hero of these works is an uncompromising fighter of the revolution, a rebel [5] .
Soon Falkovsky comes to rethink his work. In the poem “The Shepherd” (1925), in the collections “Obry” (1927), “On Fire” (1928), “Polissya” (1931), the image of the native land comes to the first role, in which Polissya motives are heard more and more [5] .
He worked with various literary associations of Kiev: "Garth" , "Plow" , "Lanka" (since 1926 "MARS" ). At the new stage of creativity, he expressed deep doubts about the adequacy of the narrow class understanding of “proletarian culture”, came to an understanding of universal cultural values in literature. Accused of criticism in decadence [5] .
The poem written by Falkovsky “Erase meni buv for the wheel…”, set to music, perhaps by himself [5] , became a Ukrainian folk song and exists in several versions [5] .
Repression and execution
December 1, 1934 Sergei Kirov was killed, it was officially announced that Kirov was the victim of conspirators - enemies of the USSR. The new creative position of the poet fell clearly out of place. December 14, 1934 Falkovsky, as well as a number of other writers: Kosynka, Vlyzko , Bureviy, R. Shevchenko [6] (28 people in total [3] ), accused at the exit session of the Moscow Military Collegium of the Supreme Court of the USSR under the leadership of Vasily Ulrich “in organizing the training terrorist acts against the leaders of the Soviet government ... "and the creation of the anti-Soviet underground organization" Association of Ukrainian Nationalists " [7] were sentenced to death . The sentence was carried out on December 17, 1934. The poet’s ashes are probably found in fraternal graves at the Lukyanovka cemetery in Kiev. Rehabilitated in December 1957.
Memory
In 1998, in the village of Bolshaya Lepesa, through the efforts of members of the organization “Prosvita” Kobrin, Brest and Malorita , a memorial sign was opened to the poet, and the street [8] on which the poet's father’s house was named was named after him [5] .
Notes
- ↑ Shvedzyuk M. Nashyya surrodzіchy: Dzmіtry Fal'ўskі / / Belarus. - № 536-2007.
- ↑ Dmitro Falkivsky Archival copy of April 24, 2013 on the Wayback Machine // Yuri Lavrnenko. Rozstrіlyane vіdrodzhennya: Antologiya 1917-1933. Trains - Prose - Drama - Hey. - Kiev: Smoloskyp, 2004.
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Will eliminate meni buv for the wheel ... // For the will of Ukraine. Antologiya pіsen national natzialno-willy-nilly zmagan. / Order of Yevgen Gishinsky. - Lutsk: Volinska regional drukarnya, 2002. - 316 p.
- ↑ Marakoў L. Falkoўskі Dzm_tryi Nychyparavich (inaccessible link) // Rapesavanyya lіtaratary, Navukoўtsy, working asvet, gramacian and cultural dyyachy Belarus. Entsyklapedychny davenіk in 10 tamahs (15 books). - T. III. - Kniga II. - Mn. 2005
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 Until you, Svite. Ukrainian literature Beresteyshіnі // Pіd. ed. Tsvid Anton Petrovich. - Kiev, 2003. - p. 190.
- ↑ Dmitro Falkivsky (1898-1934) // Kiev city library. (Checked April 7, 2011)
- ↑ 110th anniversary of the Ukrainian classic Dmitry Falkovsky is celebrated in Kobrin district // Naviny.by - 02.11.2008. (Checked April 7, 2011)
- ↑ List of streets of the village of Big Lepesa Archived on December 29, 2008. // Belpochta. (Checked April 7, 2011)
Literature
- Until you, Svite. Ukrainian literature Beresteyshіnі // Pіd. ed. Tsvid Anton Petrovich. - Kiev, 2003.