Emil Kohl ( French Émile Eugène Jean Louis Courtet ); January 4, 1857 - January 20, 1938 ) - French animator , film director , screenwriter , cameraman , artist .
| Emil Kohl | |
|---|---|
| Émile Cohl | |
 Young Emil Kohl | |
| Birth name | Émile Eugène Jean Louis Courtet |
| Date of Birth | January 4, 1857 |
| Place of Birth | Paris , France |
| Date of death | January 20, 1938 (81 years old) |
| Place of death | France |
| Citizenship |  France |
| Profession | Filmmaker screenwriter cameraman animator painter |
| Career | 1908 - 1921 |
| Direction | graphic animation creator |
| IMDb | |
He entered the history of cinema and animation as the creator of graphic animation.
Content
Biography
Emil Kohl was born in Paris on January 4, 1857 . All childhood spent in the suburbs of Lille [1] . He was a student of a jeweler , a magician [1] . Interested in drawing, he became a student of one of the most famous cartoonists at that time - Andre Gill ( French André Gill ), who worked for the magazines Luna ( Fr. La lune ) and Eclipse ( Fr. L'Eclipse ).
Working in the style of his teacher, Emil Kohl became a rather famous cartoonist. Collaborated with the magazines New Moon ( French La Nouvelle Lune ) and Contemporaries ( French Homines d'aujourd-hui ) [1] . At the same time he worked as a photographer .
After 1900, collaborates with humorous magazines and almanacs, for example, the Black Cat magazine ( French Chat noir ), where he draws a series of comic adventures of a drawn character close to the traditions of lubok and comics . In one of these series, he portrayed workers drilling a floor with a giant drill.
The invention of Emil Kohl is inspired by the theme of humorous magazines, “a tendency to absurdity”, as well as the work of Jean Duran , who replaced Kohl with Guomon .
The scriptwriters of " Gomont " used his idea, and Kohl went with a complaint to Leon Gomon and he hires him as a screenwriter. [1] As a director, Kohl began his work by filming stunt films shot in kind, the genre in which Feyad worked. Already in March 1908, Emil Kohl achieved success by staging the film “ Pumpkin Chase ”. [one]
In the same year, in 1908, taking pictures by the method of single-frame shooting , for the first time in the world [1] he creates a graphic cartoon, and two of his very important discoveries - a separate picture for each phase of movement and shooting with a camera mounted vertically, and today remain the basic principles of work in graphic animation.
The first screening of his animated films took place on August 17, 1908, on the screen of the Gimnaz Theater in Paris. [2] It was the film " Phantasmagoria or the Phantom's Nightmare " ( Fr. Fantasmagorie ). "Fantosh" (from the French ( fr. Fantoche ), which, in turn, goes back to Italian ( ital. Fantoccio ) - a doll , puppet ) - is the first permanent character of Emil Kohl. [2]
Kohl painted his paintings himself - frame-by-frame, and the tape only 36 meters long contained 2000 frames. Emil Kohl was also the first to apply the technique of revitalizing things (“ Live Matches ” (a theme to which he returned several times), “ Live Newspaper ”, “ Baby Faust ”), comparing a natural object with a painted character, and also used a photograph in his animation.
These films were made very primitively and were released on the screen not in a positive, but in a negative image, because otherwise a bright white background dazzled the audience.
During 1909-1910, Emil Kohl created stunt tapes for the company "Gomon", in which he used mainly reverse or single-frame shooting.
At the end of 1910, Fernand Zekka invited Kolya to work at Pate Studios. To this period of Kohl’s work belongs the “ Grotesque Museum ”, “ The Adventures of a Scrap of Paper ” and “ The Brain Straightener ”, which is close in design to the “ Fun Microbes ”. [one]
In 1912, Kohl for the Eclipse company re-shoots some of its previous paintings.
In 1913 he was invited to Eclair , and as an employee of this firm, Kohl went to the United States , where he works for the branch of Eclair in Fort Lee ( New Jersey ). Emil Kohl in the United States releases the Snookums series, an adventure character created by artist MacManus . [one]
He returned to France on the eve of the First World War . In the period from 1917 to 1918 he created a series of five films " The Adventures of Nickel-Plated Feet " about three bandits.
A complete filmography includes more than three hundred films, but more than half of them today are irretrievably lost.
After the end of World War I, I lived out my days in a shelter for the poor. In January 1938, died in an accident.
Filmography
- 1908 - Pumpkin Chase
- 1908 - Fantasmagorie or the Phantom Nightmare
- 1908 - Puppet Drama
- 1908 - Resurrected Matches
- 1908 - Hotel of Silence
- 1908 - The Soldier Who Will Become a God
- 1909 - Transformations
- 1909 - Running Lamp
- 1909 - Funny Germs
- 1908 - Modern School
- 1910 - The Grotesque Museum
- 1910 - Brain Straightener
- 1910 - The Twelve Feats of Hercules
- 1910 - Baby Faust
- 1910 - A song about a boy in a cafe
- 1910 - Neo-Impressionist Artist
- 1911 - Scrapbook Adventures
- 1911 - Revenge of the Spirits
- 1912 - Revived Toys
- 1913 - Snukums
- 1917 - The Adventures of Nickel-Plated Feet
- 1921 - Fantosha House
Sources
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 J. Sadul . The general history of cinema. Volume 1. - M.: "Art", 1958.
- ↑ 1 2 Pioneer period of animation . Date of treatment May 15, 2009. Archived March 31, 2012.
- ↑ V. Komarov . History of foreign cinema. Volume 1. A silent movie . - M.: “Art”, 1965.
Links
- Emil Kohl on the Internet Movie Database
- Asenin S.V. "Screen Wizards" Discoverers 3d-master.org