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Tyutchev, Nikolai Sergeevich

Nikolai Sergeevich Tyutchev ( August 10 [22], 1856 , Moscow - January 31, 1924 , Leningrad ) [1] [2] - Russian revolutionary, Narodnik , Narodovolets , earth lander , Socialist-Revolutionary. Long-term insurgent , political prisoner; historian, writer, memoirist - the author of memoirs containing valuable information about the revolutionary movement, interesting information about exile and "prison riddles" - including the exposure of many provocateurs, informants and other secret officers of the third division.

Nikolay Sergeevich Tyutchev
NSTutchev Italy 1910 2.jpg
Date of BirthAugust 22, 1856 ( 1856-08-22 )
Place of BirthMoscow , Russian Empire
Date of deathJanuary 31, 1924 ( 1924-01-31 ) (67 years old)
Place of deathLeningrad , USSR
Citizenship the USSR
Nationality Russian empire
Occupationrevolutionary , historian , prose writer , memoirist
FatherSergei Nikolaevich Tyutchev (1820-1898)
Spouse
  • 1) Raisa Lvovna Pribyleva (1858-1900)
  • 2) Agnia Alexandrovna Matskevich
Children
  • Sergey Nikolaevich Tyutchev (1886-1918)
  • Mark Nikolaevich Tyutchev (1901-1925)
  • Maria Nikolaevna Tyutcheva (1905-1921)
  • Vera Nikolaevna Tyutcheva (1908-2006

Biography

Father N. S. Tyutchev Sergey Nikolaevich (1820-1898) - cousin of Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev (grew up with him in the same family - the poet's father was the guardian of his nephew). Naval officer (1845), later - State Counselor S. N. Tyutchev (1820–1898), head of the Moscow Border Chancellery (1854), manager of the St. Petersburg Specific Office [3] , widowed, raised three sons and daughter Natalya [4 ] . His favorite Nikolai graduated from the private gymnasium of May ( 1868 - 1874 ), studied at the St. Petersburg Medical and Surgical Academy ( 1874 - 1877 ) and at the Law Faculty of St. Petersburg University (1877 - 1878 ). The mother of N. S. Tyutchev is Maria Ivanovna Rushko († September 13, 1865) [5] [6] .

The beginning of revolutionary activity

  • 1874 - living with relatives in Simbirsk , Nikolai Tyutchev becomes a populist- bakunist ( Bakunin "propaganda by action") [6] .
  • 1874 - he was sentenced by the Simbirsk District Court to a fine of 75 rubles for insulting the guard of custody - going up to the detainees "almost right next to him, and snatching a revolver, fired several shots at the crowd, and then, pointing to the convoy, he told the arrested:" That's it, guys, handle them ... ""
  • 1875 - arrest in the case of N.I. Kibalchich ; N. Tyutchev was released on bail of 1000 rubles, contributed by his father, and the case was closed due to an indisputable alibi [7] .
  • 1876 ​​- in March, participates in a demonstration at the funeral of student P. Chernyshev tortured to prison [8] .
  • 1877 - July 19 with metalworker A.K. Presnyakov and A. A. Kvyatkovsky took part in the liquidation of agent Sharashkin; In the autumn, A. A. Kvyatkovsky was preparing the liquidation of agent Kirill Belanov, who knew Nikolai Tyutchev under the name Pyotr Gromov - on Basseynaya Street, in an apartment rented for this purpose by M. Osinskaya, on the 21st of October Ivan Grossman informed the tradesman about preparing this action.
  • 1876–78 - a “village man”, but a propagandist among the urban proletariat, as part of the Disorganization Group, fought against provocateurs and spies of the 3rd division [5] .
  • November 9, 1877 - January 15, 1878 worked as a time-attendant in the office of the Vasileostrovsky Cartridge Plant, leading propaganda among the workers - he was dismissed due to political unreliability: he was preparing to escape the arrested A.K. Presnyakov from the Kolomna part.

Education and descent from an old noble family made N. S. Tyutchev one of the “most dangerous political criminals” in the eyes of the police. He was a friend of the famous leader of the rebels, the founder of " Land and Freedom " and " People's Will " A. A. Kvyatkovsky (1852-1880; hanged).

Parties, assassination, exile, escape, provocateurs ...

Barguzin

 
Nikolay Tyutchev, E. and D. Korsha. 1874. St. Petersburg

After the arrest at Novaya Bumagopryadilny ( March 2, 1878 ), together with other initiators and participants in the strike, including N. Vasiliev, S. Somov, V. Bondarev and A. S. Maksimov-Druzhbinin ( G. V. Plekhanov ), N. S. Tyutchev (“Tyutka”) handed over his underground passport to the latter, which allowed him to hide; during the search of N. S. Tyutchev a charged revolver was discovered. As a long wanted man, Nikolai Tyutchev was sent to the Kolomenskoye police station in St. Petersburg in a separate cell, later, after being detained in the prison of the 3rd division (Panteleymonovskaya St., house number 9) [9] , he was imprisoned in the Peter and Paul Fortress (from May 22 to June 23), where, taking into account his exceptional danger, Nikolai V. Mezentsev, chief of department III, visited Nikolai Tyutchev; after which he was transferred again to the Kolomna part, and on June 26 to the Spasskaya part. Attracted to inquiry on charges of propaganda among workers and in organizing the murder of K. Belanov. By the highest order that followed on August 9, 1878, the case was resolved administratively because of insufficient evidence to bring N. Tyutchev to court, but with his expulsion under police supervision due to his extreme political unreliability; by order of N.V. Mezentsev (from August 26, 1878 ) N. S. Tyutchev was subjected to the first exile to Eastern Siberia (sent from St. Petersburg on August 22).

Arrived in Barguzin under escort on October 19, 1878. He was arrested there on April 28, 1880, according to a denunciation by Heinrich Yuete on April 28, 1880 that he was “engaged in teaching children in Barguzin and traveling around the villages, disseminating“ anti-government ideas ”to the peasants, after which N. Tyutchev was brought in for inquiry, Held on May 1, 1880, but released from custody by order of the Governor-General of Eastern Siberia on July 13, 1880. His case for lack of evidence was dismissed [10] [11] .

At the same time, Sergei Nikolaevich Tyutchev, worrying heavily about what was happening with his son and trying to at least somehow ease his fate, was looking for support from his cousin, at that time - the chairman of the congress of magistrates of the Dmitrov district of the Moscow province , who was extremely respected by the public and enjoyed in legal circles with great authority; On December 19, 1880, S. N. Tyutchev wrote to him from St. Petersburg about his unsuccessful appeals to the Minister of the Interior Count M.T. Loris-Melikov (in February 1880, the revolution attempted on the count) and to the Governor-General of Eastern Siberia D. G . Anuchin [12] :

 
Sergey Nikolaevich Tyutchev. 1860s. Cheat. Irkutsk street. T. Imada
 Warmly and respected Ivan Fedorovich! In my note, which you expressed your consent to present to Count Mikhail Tarielovich, I especially rebel against the arbitrariness of local authorities regarding administratively exiled persons ... When I touched on the need for a humane, Christian attitude to people who were already harmless and who had been so severely punished .. ., then General Anuchin made it clear to me that he didn’t share my way of thinking, since the exiles “didn’t act humanely” ... Having learned from my answer to the question he made, that my son was taken near a factory on Obvodny Canal, where Static preparation demanded unpaid money and where the order of the next day was due to meet the workers, restored ... - "Ah! Was your son on the strike? He had a white bone and knew that everything would go unpunished, while ordinary workers would go under the scourge! ”- To my surprise and assertion that the gatherings at the Obvodny Canal were without any consequences, the Governor General continued with particular fervor:“ .. “I would look for people of white bone on every strike, and if I got one, he would have answered me alone.” - Then the Governor-General found it necessary to spread that in Siberia everyone is avoiding administrative-exiles, like the plague ...; that they cannot be compared with exiled Poles who suffered for their beliefs ... I left Mr. Anuchin for a long time, morally tormented ... [6] 

Rumors of Involvement in Regicide

On March 9 (21), 1881, the newspaper Golos (editor A. A. Kraevsky ) posted the following note [6] :

 We are informed, as a rumor, that the attacker who died in the Stables Hospital, who threw a second bomb, plunged all of Russia into mourning, is a fugitive criminal named Tyutchev . 

Nikolay Tyutchev’s father, a few days before the assassination attempting to ride in a horse-drawn carriage near the place of regicide, saw a young man through the window, then mistook him for his son, and when he found out about such a turn of affairs, he was naturally more than excited.

Prior to being identified in the deceased terrorist I.I. Grinevitsky as the assassin of Alexander II, at first, they really believed N.S. Tyutchev, but he, as mentioned above, was in Siberia, by the decision of the soon-to-be killed chief of the III division N.V. Mezentseva. Nevertheless, the authorities immediately made a request to the governor of Irkutsk regarding the whereabouts of the exiled N. S. Tyutchev [5] [6] [13] .

Escape

 
Nikolay Tyutchev. 1875. Museum "Penal servitude and exile"

On June 9, 1881, N. S. Tyutchev, together with E. K. Breshkovskaya , I. L. Linev [14] and K. Ya. Shamarin [15] , escaped - after the capture that happened a month later (the fugitives prepared for two years, intending to get to the Pacific Ocean, managed to get away from the pursuers in unimaginably difficult conditions for more than 150 miles), was placed in Verkhneudinsk , where he was kept on guardhouse (about 4 months) [16] .

Further, according to the transfer to the Yakutsk region for escaping in late October 1881, he was imprisoned in the 2nd Zhekhsogonsky settlement of the Botrus ulus of Yakutia . By a resolution of the Special Meeting of April 26, 1882, the supervision period for Nikolai Tyutchev was set at five years (from September 1, 1881). For a month and a half, he was arrested for clashes with a local police officer. In Yakutia, N. S. Tyutchev met with V. G. Korolenko [17] .

Since January 1884, the correspondence of N. S. Tyutchev was subjected to thorough perusal . By decision of the Special Meeting of October 23, 1886, the supervision period was extended for another two years with a transfer to the Yenisei province. In 1887, while traveling to Krasnoyarsk, he was detained in Irkutsk prison, where on April 22, 1887, Nikolai Tyutchev was searched, during which encrypted correspondence with state criminals was found. In September 1887, he arrived at the residence under public surveillance in Krasnoyarsk. By a resolution of the Special Meeting of June 27, 1888, the supervision period was extended for another two years with a transfer to the Orenburg province. Without using the translation, he stayed in Krasnoyarsk, where his apartment served as “a place of gatherings of supervised and a refuge for political exiles” [18] ; On March 12, 1890, Vladimir Muratov, who had fled from the Yenisei province, was detained in it. At the end of the period of public supervision on September 9, 1890, he received permission to return to European Russia with a restriction of residence. In December 1890 he left Siberia; In 1891 he lived in Orenburg, and in 1892 he settled in Novgorod, where he remained under secret surveillance. At the same time, a lawyer Yu.M. Antonovskii , who was involved in the people's movement and was freed from public supervision, was there shortly before, whose translation of Zarathustra by Friedrich Nietzsche is still considered the best; subsequently, daughters of Nikolai Sergeyevich will live in the same house with Yu. M. Antonovsky in Tsarskoye Selo .

N. S. Tyutchev visited G. I. Uspensky in the Kolmovo Psychiatric Hospital. These meetings in fictionalized form are described in the novel by Y. Davydov, “Evenings in Kolmovo”. The author makes an attempt to demonstrate the worldview of N. S. Tyutchev as an example of his conversations with the writer and the confrontation with the Marxist V.F. Kozhevnikova. Subsequently, life pushed Nikolai Tyutchev with his son-in-law G.I. Uspensky - B. Savinkov.

People’s law. The second link. Social Revolutionaries

N. S. Tyutchev is one of the organizers and the main leader of the People’s Law party. M. A. Natanson also took part in its formation; this organization began in the summer of 1893 at the Saratov Conference ( V. G. Korolenko , N. K. Mikhailovsky , N. F. Annensky [19] and other representatives of the opposition circles also participated in the illegal meeting in Saratov). The party, in addition to the capitals and Saratov, had its representatives in Orel, Nizhny Novgorod, Perm, Yekaterinburg, Ufa, Baku, Tbilisi, Rostov-on-Don, Kharkov and other cities. The manifesto and the pamphlet “The Essential Question”, printed in an underground printing house in Smolensk, declared the main tasks, among which was proclaimed “the unification of all opposition elements of the country to fight the autocracy and ensure the rights of the citizen and the person” [20] . Soon after the party center moved to St. Petersburg, and in connection with the arrest of N. S. Tyutchev, in 1894 it was liquidated. The party “People’s Law” was the defender of the interests of the prosperous elements of the village and the wealthy part of the city intelligentsia. In addition to those mentioned, they were involved in this direction: O. V. Aptekman , A. I. Bogdanovich , V. A. Bodaev , A. V. Gedeonovsky , V. A. Goltsev , G. F. Zdanovich , M. P. Miklashevsky , P. F. Nikolaev , M. A. Plotnikov [21] , N. M. Flerov [22] [23] and others who actively participated in the work of the organization. Subsequently, a number of activists shared the views of the Cadets [5] [6] [24] .

On the night of April 21, 1894 in Novgorod, N. S. Tyutchev was arrested, and, upon arrival in St. Petersburg, imprisoned in the Peter and Paul Fortress (April 23, 1894 - March 1895; cell No. 64 of Alekseevsky ravelin), then - in the Pretrial Detention House. N. S. Tyutchev recalls his stay in Petropavlovka [25] :

 The general regime of the fortress was exactly the same as in 78, ... The food somewhat worsened only against the previous one, but still it was relatively good. The walls of the chambers, previously protected to prevent knocking with neighbors by a wire mesh that was not in contact with the wall, on which felt was attached, which in turn was covered with wallpaper, partly giving the camera the appearance of a living room, were now exposed and whitened to blue. Portable furniture - beds, tables, chairs - was also gone. She was replaced by an iron bed and the same table, tightly embedded in the floor and wall. as a result of these changes, the general acoustics of the fortress increased greatly, which was a pleasant surprise for the “old people”
[6]		 

Again he is involved in an inquiry - about the secret Smolensk party printing house of “People’s Law”, because, standing at the head of the party, he took direct part in its organization and work, and also transferred to the printing house a “forged passport for criminal purposes”. By the highest order, on November 22, 1895, the case of Nikolay Tyutchev was administratively resolved with the imposition of punishment for pre-trial detention, followed by expulsion under public supervision for eight years to remote places in Eastern Siberia. At the request of Sergei Nikolaevich Tyutchev - moved to Minusinsk, where he arrived on August 24, 1894. In 1897, N. S. Tyutchev was allowed for treatment a short stay in Krasnoyarsk, and in 1898 - permanent residence under especially careful supervision. In 1903 he was allowed a temporary visit to Irkutsk, where in May 1904 he was again arrested, imprisoned in Irkutsk and brought to inquest with L. Broydo and N. Kudryavtsev; after his release, in addition to public supervision, he is given special police supervision. By a resolution of the Provincial Meeting (August 24, 1904), this case was closed [5] [6] .

  • 1894 - Sent to Minusinsk under the public supervision of the police for 8 years.
  • 1903 - received permission to go to Irkutsk , where he joined the Socialist Revolutionaries . Returning from exile, he entered the party organization of the Social Revolutionaries (according to other sources - 1904) [6] [24] .

With the end of the supervision period in the fall of 1904, Nikolai Tyutchev returned to European Russia; in early 1905 - in St. Petersburg, where he joined the Central Committee of the Socialist Revolutionary Party. As a member of the party’s combat organization, with P. S. Ivanovskaya in 1905 he participated in the preparation of the assassination attempt against Major General D.F. Trepov , Grand Duke Vladimir Alexandrovich and even the sovereign himself. During the defeat of the combat organization in St. Petersburg (March 16-17, 1905), N. S. Tyutchev was not arrested "in the form of preserving an undercover source" (Tatarov and Azef). Issued by N. Yu. Tatarov (Kostrov) in 1906 - released on bail, emigrated.

N. S. Tyutchev well knew B. V. Savinkov (1879-1925) and many other Social Revolutionary leaders; subsequently, he collaborated with many of them and was in correspondence, as well as with the figures of Russian culture - already mentioned by V. G. Korolenko and N. F. Annensky [26] - N. A. Morozov , N. K. Mikhailovsky, E. K. Pekarsky .

In the memoirs of N. S. Tyutchev about Savinkov the writer there are interesting and impartial observations. Together with the same thorough analysis of M. Gorbunov (E. E. Kolosov), they give a serious critical assessment of both the creativity and the personality of this, according to the Grand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich - “athlete of the revolution” [27] [28] [29] .

Emigration. Return. Literary activity

While abroad (in Italy - until 1914, he returned to Russia from France - not earlier than 1917), N. S. Tyutchev worked in the Paris center of the Socialist Revolutionary Party, collaborated in the "Old" by V. L. Burtsev ; He translated the works of French socialists, in particular, individual volumes of the Great French Revolution of Jaurès , the Commune of Louis Dubreil [30] , etc., and wrote historical articles. In 1913-1914, N. S. Tyutchev wrote memoirs in which he showed himself to be “a vivid, observant chronicler.” At the beginning of World War I, he completely abandoned participation in the revolutionary movement [5] .

In 1917, the Provisional Government handed over materials of the Third Division and the Police Department (from August 6, 1880) to the “Special Commission for the Analysis of the Affairs of the Police Department,” in which N. S. Tyutchev, together with P. E. Shchegolev, took part in the analysis of documents, in April 1918, these materials were placed at the disposal of the “Special Commission at the Secret Department of the Historical and Revolutionary Archive in Petrograd,” and since it was headed by N. S. Tyutchev, it went down in history as the “Tyutchev Commission”. This institution continued to systematize and describe the affairs and documents of the named department, examined the documents of secret secret agents of the secret police. At the end of 1919, the commission handed over the materials to the “secret table” at the Historical and Revolutionary Archive of Petrograd, whose staff N. S. Tyutchev was from 1918 [31] . In the period after 1917, N. S. Tyutchev, on the basis of his own experience and archival materials, wrote a number of articles revealing the mechanisms of the investigation and secret services, exposing provocateurs containing interesting information about the secrets of the dungeons. He compiled a "dictionary of provocateurs" containing about 5 thousand names [5] . Tyutchev exposed as an agent of the police department, Ivan Okladsky .

N. S. Tyutchev was a member of the Society of Former Political Prisoners and Exiled Settlers . Since 1923 - the closest employee of the journal "Katorga i Link" and his literary representative in Petrograd. He died in Petrograd on January 31, 1924 from a brain hemorrhage and was buried on the Literary bridges of Volkov’s cemetery [5] [24] .

Personal life

  • The first wife is Raisa Lvovna Pribyleva (nee Rozaliya Lvovna Grossman, 1858-1900), a participant in Narodnaya Volya, convicted in the case of “Seventeen People’s Volunteers” (1883); the first marriage was married to the people's volunteer A. V. Pribylyov [32] . Her niece - psychoanalyst and teacher Vera Fyodorovna Schmidt , wife of Otto Yulievich Schmidt ; nephew - Socialist-Revolutionary maximalist Vladimir Osipovich Lichtenstadt .
    • From this marriage, the son is Sergei Nikolaevich Tyutchev (1886-1918, Kiev), officer of the Life Guards of the Mining Battalion , St. George Knight.
  • The second wife, Agniya Aleksandrovna Matskevich (circa 1880 - after 1913), is the granddaughter of the Polish rebel Ksenz Anthony Matskevich (? —1863, hanged), one of the leaders of the 1863 uprising in Lithuania.
    • In this marriage - a son and two daughters: Mark Nikolaevich Tyutchev (October 8, 1901-1925), graduated from the Irkutsk Cadet Corps with the rank of vice non-commissioned officer (1920), student of the Mining Institute in Petrograd (1922); Maria Nikolaevna Tyutcheva (April 7, 1905-1921, Constantinople); Vera Nikolaevna Tyutcheva (August 28, 1908-2006, St. Petersburg), ballerina, her husband, Vyacheslav Semenovich Kalitaev, a sailor (repressed and shot in 1941, rehabilitated in 1962) [33] [34] .

Abduction of Tyutchev's children

In August 1910, when N. Tyutchev was in the Italian emigration, his second wife, who was in Paris, conspired with a number of persons (with Andrei Kolegaev, later one of the leaders of the Left Socialist Revolutionaries, with Zinaida Klapina, a member of the terrorist Socialist Revolutionary unit , the wife of V. Z. Fabrikant, a member of the Central Committee of the RPS, with the latter, and others), the abduction of the children of Nikolai Sergeyevich in Cavi (Italy) was organized. This action clearly implied intra-party manipulation — the use of complex family relationships, N. S. Tyutchev’s paternal feelings in order to put pressure on him in contentious issues of the organization’s activities. On the file with case No. 557 of the Archive of the Party of Social Revolutionaries stored at the International Institute of Social History, it reads: “kidnaping of Tyutchev’s children” - a case unique in the entire history of the Russian revolutionary movement. The reaction from the abductors in connection with the appeal of the victim and his friends, who were also more or less involved in the Social Revolutionary Party, for help to the "local law enforcement agencies", which contributed to the speedy search and return of children to their father, was especially acute. A controversy unfolded around the "party ethics" of measures taken by N. S. Tyutchev and E. E. Kolosov . They were followed by an appeal to the Central Committee of the AKP, to the participants of the International Socialist Congress in Copenhagen. Regarding the speculations of accomplices in the abduction by party principles, N. S. Tyutchev said, pointing out the inadmissibility of mixing them, these principles, with private, civil interests: “I have no doubt that you would be a kidnapper a simple hired bandit or even just a gallant average knight, nobody and nobody it wouldn’t have occurred to me to condemn me for contacting the police. Regarding the assessment of what happened by the party leadership of the social revolutionaries, it, due to the features of a purely private nature, the motives and circumstances of the crime, and on the other hand the ambiguity of the conflict, and the unpredictability of its consequences for the "unanimity" of the organization, preferred to take a neutral position [35] .

The fate of daughters

 
Vera and Maria Tyutchev, Nina Lachinova. 1915. On the reverse: Photographer of the Court of His Majesty K. F. von Gan and Co. Tsarskoye Selo

After the incident and the final break with his second wife, N. S. Tyutchev was forced to transport Vera and Maria to Tsarskoye Selo and send them to the family of their relative Ekaterina Dmitrievna Shults (ur. Lachinova, daughter of D. A. Lachinov ), where they lived and were brought up together with her children - Catherine, Mikhail (later - the father of the physicochemist M. M. Schulz ), Leo and Alexander. This family was replenished in 1914 by the girl Nina (later, in her marriage - Michurina), the grandniece of N. S. Tyutchev (the granddaughter of his sister Natalia, who lived in the same house of Princess Tumanova in Moskovskaya St., 23 [36] ) - the daughter of her brother E. D. Schulz, a lawyer Nikolai Dmitrievich Lachinova, who shortly before the death of his wife, Nina Dmitrievna Lachinova (Ur. Korsh), also settled in Tsarskoye Selo. In 1917, N.D. Lachinov and E.D. Schultz with four daughters, relatives and foster children, were in the Crimea, where the events of that time forced them to stay, whom for a long time, and whom forever ... N. D. Lachinov was accepted into the service quartermaster to the white headquarters. Later, Lev Schulz was there , who later emigrated. When, already in 1920, E. A. Schulz died, Maria and Vera Tyutchev were evacuated to Constantinople, and after the death of N. D. Lachinov, with the arrival of the Reds, his daughter Nina was literally found on the street by her cousin naval officer Mikhail Alexandrovich Schulz, in whose family she lived in Sevastopol until 1924, from where, shortly before his arrest, M.A. Schulz sent her to relatives in Harbin. Maria Tyutcheva died of typhus in Constantinople, and in the early 1920s Nikolai Sergeyevich Tyutchev found Faith through the Red Cross , and she was transported to Petrograd. Vera Nikolaevna Tyutcheva left memories of the family in which she was brought up, the atmosphere of love and care that surrounded her [6] [37] .

Application for the release of S.P. Melgunov

“Dear Felix Edmundovich! If, according to the circumstances of the case, it is possible to release Serg. Peter. Melgunov on a guarantee of well-known persons of the Republic, then I along with Nick. Al Morozov , I offer my guarantee. Hello! N. Tyutchev. June 8, 1920

The postscript is not quite clear (in the lower left corner): “A. V. Yakm. healthy. ". Perhaps we are talking about Anna Vasilyevna Yakimova-Dikovskaya. [38]

Interesting Facts

The second cousin of Nikolai Sergeyevich, the cousin of his father, Ekaterina Alekseevna Tyutcheva (1841-1865), was the first wife of Semyon Nikolaevich Tsveta (1829-1900), the father of biochemist Mikhail Tsveta (1872-1919) [6] .

In 1902, the famous Russian zoologist G. G. Jacobson discovered and classified a leaf beetle - the Siberian Big Jaw ( Labidostomis sibirica tjutschevi ) [39] [40] [41] , as described in the description: “The subspecies is named after Nikolai Sergeyevich Tyutchev from Minusinsk ”, and this description fell into an extensive work published in St. Petersburg by G. G. Jacobson and V. P. Bianchi by A. F. Devrien in 1905,“ Orthoptera and false-winged-winged Russian Empire and neighboring countries ”- original and witty, but unsafe "game", at that time - sedition ... H it’s behind this curious political-entomological joke - history is silent.

Addresses in St. Petersburg

  • Kamennoostrovsky Prospekt (Krasnykh Zor Street), building 44b, apartment 4.

Proceedings of N. S. Tyutchev, his translations and articles about him

 
Надгробие Н. С. Тютчева на Литераторских мостках
  • Н. С. Тютчев. «Отрывки из воспоминаний. Из жизни Н. Г. Чернышевского в Сибири». «Русские ведомости», 16 октября 1914 года. № 238
  • Н. С. Тютчев, Судьба Ивана Окладского. «Былое», 1918, № 4-5
  • Н. С. Тютчев. Памяти отошедших. «Каторга и ссылка», 1924, № 10
  • Н. С. Тютчев. Революционное движение 1870—80 годов. — М., 1925. — 2 т. Статьи по архивным материалам. Редакция А. В. Прибылева. Ed. «Каторга и Ссылка» (статья Е. Колосова «Революционная деятельность Н. С. Тютчева в 1870 годах»; Н. С. Тютчев «Разгром „Земли и Воли“ в 1878 г. (дело Мезенцова)».; Н. С. Тютчев в оценке Л. Г. Дейча (По поводу статьи последнего «Так пишется история»).
  • Н. С. Тютчев, В ссылке и другие воспоминания. Редакция А. В. Прибылева. Ed. «Каторга и Ссылка», 1925 (статьи Н. С. Тютчева «Баргузинская ссылка и побег с Е. К. Брешковской (1878—1881)». — Побеги из Сибири политических в 80-х годах. — Из жизни Н. Г. Чернышевского в Сибири. — Из воспоминаний о старых товарищах. — Два провокатора. — Заметки о воспоминаниях Б. Савинкова. — Тюремные загадки. — Памяти Р. Л. Тютчевой. Приложения: Е. Колосов, Правительство в борьбе с революцией (По поводу воспоминаний Н. С. Тютчева).
  • Русские записки. 1914 г. № 1 (ноябрь). Ежемесячный литературный, научный и политический журнал, издаваемый Руслановым Н. С. Петроград. Типография Акционерного общества «Слово» — в числе прочих публикаций воспоминания Н. С. Тютчева.
  • Л. Дейч, Так пишется история. — Выпуск XXIV (1924), 284—288 (Памяти Н. С. Тютчева).
  • Е. Брешковская, «Дни» (Берлин) № 393 от 28 февраля 1924 (Цельный человек. Из воспоминаний). — «Каторга и Ссылка» 1924, II (9), 230 (Н. С. Тютчев. От редакции).
  • А. Прибылев, «Каторга и Ссылка» 1924, II (9), 232—237 (Н. С. Тютчев). — «Каторга и Ссылка» 1924, II (9), 324 (Похороны Н. С. Тютчева). — «Каторга и Ссылка» 1924, III (10), 217—219 (Письмо Н. С. Тютчева к Э. К. Пекарскому).
  • В. Г. Короленко. Истории моего современника. Книга четвёртая, ч. 1, гл. XIV — Воспоминаяния о Н. С. Тютчеве.
  • Роман Гуль. Генерал Бо [Азеф]. Биографический очерк. 1929 — Н. С. Тютчев присутствует в качестве персонажа.
  • Давыдов Ю. В. Вечера в Колмове. Из записок Усольцева. И перед взором твоим… М.: Книга. 1989 — на сайте FictionBook.lib (недоступная ссылка) — живой, воображаемый портрет Н. С. Тютчева в общении с Г. И. Успенским
  • Ашенбреннер М. Ю. Военная организация народной воли и другие воспоминания (1860—1904). Редакция Н. С. Тютчева ; Общество бывших политкаторжан и ссыльно-поселенцев. М. 1924
  • Жорес Жан. Социалистическая история (1789—1900). Том I. Учредительное Собрание(1789—1791). Под. ed. Жана Жореса./ Пер. Бартеневой Е. Г., Львовой М.,Тютчева Н. С. Книгоиздательство Даль. 1908
  • 1 марта 1881 года. Прокламации и воззвания, изданные после цареубийства. С предисловием Н. С. Тютчева. Petrograd. ГИЗ. 1920
  • Дюбрейль Л. «Коммуна 1871 года». Перевод Н. С. Тютчева, М.: ГИЗ 1920.
    Скан книги, 4 частями, в библиотеке Vive Liberta: 1 (недоступная ссылка) , 2 (недоступная ссылка) , 3 (недоступная ссылка) , 4 (недоступная ссылка) .
  • Блос В. Французская революция. изложение событий и общественного состояния во Франции от 1789 до 1804 года. Перевод с немецкого Н. С. Тютчева. СПб: Паллада. 1906
  • Спенсер Г. Сочинения. Т. 1 Система синтетической философии: Основные начала. Перевод с английского Н. С. Тютчева. Киев-Харьков. 1899
  • Спенсер Г. Основные начала. Перевод Н. Тютчева; под редакцией С. Матвеева / Сочинения в 7 томах. Т. 1. СПб.: Издатель. 1899
  • Спенсер Г. Основные начала. перевод Н. С. Тютчева. — Киев—Санкт-Петербург—Харьков: Ф. А. Иогансон. 1903 // Полные переводы, проверенные по последним английским изданиям. Под общей редакцией Н. А. Рубакина [Т. 1]
  • Сигеле С. Преступная толпа (La foule criminelle). Опыт коллективной психологии: Перевод с французского, дополненный автором издания Н. С. Тютчевым. Новгород. 1893

Sources

  • Чагин Г. В. Тютчевы. Санкт-Петербург: Наука. 2003
  • Савинков Б. Воспоминания террориста. Л.: Лениздат. 1990 — на сайте Litportal (недоступная ссылка)
  • Тютчев Николай Сергеевич // Деятели революционного движения в России : в 5 т. / под ред. Ф. Я. Кона и др. — М. : Всесоюзное общество политических каторжан и ссыльнопоселенцев , 1927—1934.
  • О Н. С. Тютчеве на сайте «Народная воля»

Notes

  1. ↑ https://persons-info.com/persons/TIUTCHEV_Nikolai_Sergeevich
  2. ↑ https://www.booksite.ru/fulltext/1/001/008/113/284.htm
  3. ↑ Межевая канцелярия, правительственное учреждение, проводившее генеральное межевание в Московской губернии. Основана в 1765 году. С 1770-х годов — основной рабочий орган по межеванию земель. Межевая канцелярия осуществляла руководство межевыми конторами, контролировала и утверждала межевые планы и книги, собирала и хранила в архиве оригиналы всех документов.
  4. ↑ Впоследствии Наталья Сергеевна Тютчева стала женой правоведа Дмитрия Валентиновича Корша, брата народовольца Е. В. Корша . Сведения о трудах Д. В. Корша в каталоге Российской Национальной Библиотеки .
  5. ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Тютчев Николай Сергеевич // Деятели революционного движения в России : в 5 т. / под ред. F. Ya. Kona et al. - M .: All-Union Society of Political Prisoners and Exiled Settlers , 1927-1934.
  6. ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Чагин Г. В. Тютчевы. «Наука». St. Petersburg. 2003.
  7. ↑ В действительности, некий студент Медико-хирургической академии, гостивший в Киевской губернии в Жарницах — имении брата Н. И. Кибальчича, военного врача, назвал себя Н. С. Тютчевым, а III отделение, якобы располагая сведениями о распространении этим «Тютчевым» революционных идей среди крестьян Липовецкого уезда Киевской губернии, не нашло его, в Симбирске арестован был подлинный Тютчев, который, впрочем, сумел доказать, что под его именем скрывался кто-то другой. Тем не менее, Николаю Тютчеву была устроена очная ставка с Н. И. Кибальчичем, который первоначально признавал знакомство с ним. Н. С. Тютчев в своих воспоминаниях предполагает, что это недоразумение явилось следствием состояния Н. И. Кибальчича после «допроса с пристрастием».{{подст:АИ}}
  8. ↑ Г. А. Мачтет посвятил этой трагедии стихотворение «Последнее прости» — популярная революционная песня «Замучен тяжёлой неволей».
  9. ↑ О тюрьме III отделения по воспоминаниям Н. С. Тютчева — на сайте «Народная воля» .
  10. ↑ Н. С. Тютчев пишет о теплоте, которую он испытывал на себе от баргузинцев с первых же дней — одной из причин горячей и сердечной встречи, оказанной 22-летнему студенту, были «сохранившиеся сведения о бывших в Баргузине ранее меня государственных преступниках, оставивших о себе очень хорошую память». — В мемуарах Н. С. Тютчева небольшая глава посвящена Михаилу Карловичу и Вильгельму Карловичу Кюхельбекерам . В основу её положено всё слышанное им от местных жителей: занятиях М. К. Кюхельбекера сельским хозяйством и медициной, рассказы о семейной жизни Михаила Карловича, о воспитании его дочерей в Иркутске, об отношении населения к М. К. Кюхельбекеру, описание внешности братьев-декабристов. В то время в Баргузине многое напоминало о М. К. Кюхельбекере: «Карлово поле», дом Кюхельбекера, посаженный им тополь. Н. С. Тютчев пытался найти книги или рукописи М. К. Кюхельбекера, вместе с другими ссыльными восстановил деревянную решетку на могиле декабриста. Сделать большее, конечно, помешала подготовка к побегу. — Гуревич А. В. Фольклор старого Прибайкалья / А. В. Гуревич, Л. Е. Элиасов // Старый фольклор Прибайкалья. — Улан-Удэ, 1939. — Т. 1. — С. 3—31.
  11. ↑ В своих воспоминаниях о ссылке Николай Сергеевич Тютчев писал: «Народным образованием и общественным своим развитием Баргузин обязан был не Министерству народного просвещения, а Министерству внутренних дел, сначала 3-му отделению, а затем департаменту полиции». — В разные периоды в Баргузине отбывали царскую ссылку более 250 человек. — Баргузинская средняя общеобразовательная школа .
  12. ↑ В 1883 году Д. Г. Анучин расстрелял учителя К. Г. Неустроева, получив от него пощёчину за оскорбление, нанесённое политическим ссыльным во время посещения иркутской тюрьмы.
  13. ↑ Генерал Н. В. Мезенцев 4(16) августа 1878 года убит в Санкт-Петербурге С. М. Кравчинским в ответ на казнь революционера И. М. Ковальского — Памятные даты на сайте «Вся Россия» (недоступная ссылка) .
  14. ↑ Линев Иван Логгинович // Деятели революционного движения в России : в 5 т. / под ред. F. Ya. Kona et al. - M .: All-Union Society of Political Prisoners and Exiled Settlers , 1927-1934.
  15. ↑ Шамарин Константин Яковлевич // Деятели революционного движения в России : в 5 т. / под ред. F. Ya. Kona et al. - M .: All-Union Society of Political Prisoners and Exiled Settlers , 1927-1934.
  16. ↑ «Этот побег — бесспорно самый трудный и геройский из всех; за ними 180 вёрст гналась погоня по непроходимым забайкальским дебрям; они переправлялись через такие быстрые реки, перед которыми в изумлении останавливалась погоня; взбирались на отвесные скалы, делая на них насечки топорами; пойманы благодаря тому, что были покинуты проводником». — Народная Воля № 8, 9 февраль 1882 года: А. В. Якимова «Тюрьма и ссылка».
  17. ↑ Об этой встрече — в письме М. П. Сажину .
  18. ↑ В открывшейся той порой Красноярской частной библиотеке Н. С. Тютчев оставил о себе память, приняв участие в составлении картотеки, что выразилось экономией бюджетных средств. — Народная энциклопедия «Мой Красноярск» .
  19. ↑ Николай Фёдорович Анненский — в Цифровом архиве М. А. Выграненко Архивная копия от 19 февраля 2013 на Wayback Machine .
  20. ↑ В следующем году брошюра была переиздана А. И. Богдановичем в Лондоне: «Насущный вопрос. О борьбе за политическую свободу в России». London: Russian free press fund. 1895. (Издания Фонда вольной русской прессы; Выпуск 17). Автор в книге не указан; установлен по изданию: Сводный каталог русской нелегальной и запрещённой печати XIX века: Книги и периодические издания. 2-е дополненное и переработанное издание М. 1981. Ч. 1. В предисловии лондонской брошюры говорится: «Предлагаемое издание представляет перепечатку брошюры, вышедшей осенью прошлого года в России от имени Партии народного права» — Российская государственная библиотека.
  21. ↑ Плотников Михаил Александрович // Деятели революционного движения в России : в 5 т. / под ред. F. Ya. Kona et al. - M .: All-Union Society of Political Prisoners and Exiled Settlers , 1927-1934.
  22. ↑ Николай Михайлович Флёров — отец академика Г. Н. Флёрова .
  23. ↑ Ю. Ц. Оганесян. «Г. Н. Флёров. Молодые годы. Строки биографии с комментариями» — Музей истории науки и техники Объединённого института ядерных исследований Архивировано 7 марта 2011 года. .
  24. ↑ 1 2 3 Большая советская энциклопедия.
  25. ↑ Тютчев Н. С. В ссылке и другие воспоминания. М. 1925. Книга III. — «Несколько слов об Алексеевском равелине» и «Из воспоминаний о Петропавловской крепости».
  26. ↑ Н. С. Тютчев о В. Г. Короленко и Н. Ф. Анненском .
  27. ↑ Заметки в «воспоминаниях» о Б. В. Савинкове — Н. С. Тютчев. В ссылке и другие воспоминания. Part II М. 1925.
  28. ↑ М. Горбунов (Е. Е. Колосов) «Савинков как мемуарист» // «Каторга и ссылка» 1928 № 3—5.
  29. ↑ Великий князь Александр Михайлович. Книга воспоминаний. М.: Современник. 1991.
  30. ↑ Дюбрейль Л. «Коммуна 1871 года». Перевод Н. С. Тютчева. М.: ГИЗ. 1920.
  31. ↑ Перегудова З. И. Политический сыск России. 1880—1917. М.: РОССПЭН, 2000
  32. ↑ Автобиография А. В. Прибылева на сайте «Народная Воля»
  33. ↑ Настоящие сведения воспроизводят преимущественно информацию книги Г. В. Чагина «Тютчевы» из серии «Преданья русского семейства». СПб: Наука. 2003 ISBN 5-02-026821-6 ; можно наблюдать некоторые расхождения с настоящим изданием, присутствующие в других, по преимуществу — сетевых источниках.
  34. ↑ О судьбе В. С. Калитаева: Вайнер Б. А. Советский морской транспорт в Великой Отечественной войне. — М.: Воениздат, 1989 (сайт «Militera») ; Трибуц В. Ф. Балтийцы сражаются. Часть 1. Балтийцы вступают в бой (сайт «Ленинград Блокада Подвиг» ; Евгений Войскунский. Баллада о Финском заливе. Документальная повесть. — «Дружба народов» № 3, 2005
  35. ↑ Статья К. Н. Морозова и А. Ю. Морозовой «Обращения социалистов-эмигрантов в правоохранительные органы как отражение кризиса „партийного правосудия“ и специфики правосознания эмигрантской революционной среды в 1907—1914 гг.» — на сайте «Российские социалисты и анархисты после Октября 1917 года» .
  36. ↑ В это же время в том доме также жили: хороший знакомый Н. С. Тютчева, уже упомянутый ранее в связи с пребыванием его в Новгороде ( Юлий Михайлович Антоновский // Деятели революционного движения в России : в 5 т. / под ред. Ф. Я. Кона и др. — М. : Всесоюзное общество политических каторжан и ссыльнопоселенцев , 1927—1934. ); — известный врач-инфекционист, чьим именем названа улица в Санкт-Петербурге, Глеб Александрович Ивашенцов , — его отец, юрист, сотрудник Лесного института , известный кинолог, признанный специалист в области охотничьего собаководства и знаменитый оружейник Александр Петрович Ивашенцов — см. справочник «Весь Петербург» за 1905—1917 годы.
  37. ↑ Архив академика М. М. Шульца.
  38. ↑ Записка Н. С. Тютчева и Н. А. Морозова Дзержинскому — Архив Российской Академии наук
  39. ↑ Labidostomis sibirica tjutschevi
  40. ↑ Зоологические экскурсии по Байкалу. Листоеды, живущие на травах
  41. ↑ Природа Забайкальского края: Жесткокрылые — Coleoptera — Листоеды — Chrysomelidae

Links

Источник — https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Тютчев,_Николай_Сергеевич&oldid=100659543


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