Gordon, Leonid Abramovich

He graduated from the History Department of Moscow State University , under the influence of Professor I. M. Reisner, he chose the position of the working class in India as his area of ​​specialization. He defended his candidate dissertation "From the history of the working class of India (the position of the Bombay proletariat in 1918-1939)" in 1960 at the Institute of Asian Peoples of the USSR Academy of Sciences . Doctor of Historical Sciences (1979, the dissertation, “The Rise of Welfare and the Improvement of the Life of the Working Class during the Period of Developed Socialism: A Historical and Sociological Study of Shifts in the Level and Lifestyle of the Soviet Working Class in the 60s and 70s”).

After graduation, he worked as a history teacher at school (since he was not admitted to graduate school on the “ fifth point ”, despite the recommendation of the department), and in 1956 he was accepted into the Fundamental Library of Social Sciences of the USSR Academy of Sciences , which in those years was the focus of Moscow intellectual life ^[1] . Then he worked at the Institute of Oriental Studies of the USSR Academy of Sciences . Published a number of works on the social history of India . I knew about the existence of an illegal Marxist organization of Krasnopevtsev at the history department of Moscow State University, but refused to join it ^[2] .

In the mid-1960s, his interest in specific sociology prevailed. Having become a leading employee of the sociological laboratory of the Institute of Labor in 1965 , he traveled around the country a lot, conducted surveys at enterprises, studied the “microtissue” of public life: life, free time and working class lifestyle.

From 1966 to 1991 he worked at the Institute of the International Labor Movement of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, where over time he became the head of an influential scientific field in Russian social history and sociology. In 1967 - 1968 he was one of the participants in a comprehensive sociological study of the living conditions of the urban population (project " Taganrog "). The results of this work are reflected in the books “Free time” (co-authored with N. M. Rimashevskaya ) and “Man after work” (1973, co-authored with E. V. Klopov ). Under the guidance of L. A. Gordon, the book “Typology of Non-Socialist Countries” (1976) was prepared, where the methods of multidimensional classification were applied.

In 1991 he headed the Center for the Study of Social Movements of the Institute of World Economy and International Relations of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

L. A. Gordon stood at the origins of a special branch of sociological research — the sociology of life, which studied this sphere of human life, which in Soviet times was considered secondary to production and social activity, and therefore did not deserve the attention of scientists.

In the 1990s, he wrote dozens of scientific and scientific journalistic works, made a major contribution to the theory of the social structure of Russian society, the sociology of mass movements, the study of everyday life and free time, the history of Russian society, and political science.

Particular attention was paid to the analysis of the revived working (including mining) movement - not only analysis, but also the enlightenment of its participants and young leaders. Close communication and cooperation with them significantly expanded the ability to monitor the development of this subject of the renewal of our society and helped in analyzing the social and political potential of this movement.

Leonid Abramovich Gordon was endowed with a rare gift to foresee the main trends in the development of the world and Russia, had rare research and organizational skills, the ability to attract scientists - specialists from different scientific disciplines and different countries to work together. All this contributed to the fact that he became one of the most respected Russian scientists of the “sixties”, whose talents and efforts in our country were revived and relatively quickly brought to a decent level of domestic sociology ^[3] .

• From the history of the working class of India. The situation of the Bombay proletariat in modern times. M .: IVL, 1961.
• Man after work. Social problems of life and after-hours. Based on materials from the study of time budgets in large cities of the European part of the USSR. M .: Nauka, 1972. (Together with E.V. Klopov)
• Five-day workweek and workers' free time (Taganrog studies). M.: Thought, 1972. (Together with N. M. Rimashevskaya ).
• Typology of non-socialist countries (Experience of multidimensional-statistical analysis of national economies). M .: Nauka, 1976. (Together with L.A. Fridman and others).
• Social development of the working class of the USSR: growth in the number, qualifications, and welfare of workers in a developed socialist society. Historical and sociological essays. M .: Nauka, 1977. (Together with E.V. Klopov).
• Gordon L.A., Klopov E.V. , Onikov L.A. Features of the socialist way of life: life of urban workers yesterday, today, tomorrow. - M.: Knowledge , 1977 .-- 159 p.
• Socio-economic problems of labor and life of the working class. (Leadership of the team of authors and editing - together with T. T. Timofeev; writing sections). M .: IMRD AN USSR, 1979.
• The working class of the USSR at the turn of the 80s. Part I — II. (Management of the team of authors and general editing; writing sections of the book - together with E. V. Klopov and A. K. Nazimova). M .: IMRD AN USSR, 1981.
• The development of the working class in a socialist society. International patterns and national characteristics. (Leadership of the team of authors and general editing - together with T. T. Timofeev and E. V. Klopov; writing chapters and sections of the book together with E. V. Klopov, G. P. Kozlova, Z. I. Fainburg). M .: Nauka, 1982.
• Social and cultural development of the working class in a socialist society. Part I — II. (General editing - together with E.V. Klopov and A.K. Nazimova; writing sections of the book - together with A.K. Nazimova and L.G. Perfilieva). M .: IMRD AN USSR, 1982.
• The social progress of Soviet society and the prospects for the development of the working class. M .: IMRD AN USSR, 1983.
• Progress in the everyday household activities of Soviet workers in the 60-70s. M .: IMRD, USSR Academy of Sciences, 1983. (Together with E. K. Klopov and E. B. Gruzdeva).
• Technical and technological changes and social development of the industrial core of the working class. M .: IMRD, USSR Academy of Sciences, 1983. (Together with A.K. Nazimova).
• Trends and prospects for the development of the working class in a socialist society. Collection of scientific papers. (Leadership of the team of authors, compilation, general editing - together with M. Gulakova and A. K. Nazimova); writing sections of the book - together with A.K. Nazimova and V.V. Komarovsky). Prague: Institute of Philosophy and Sociology of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic, 1985. (In Russian)
• The working class of the USSR: trends and prospects for socio-economic development. M .: Nauka, 1985. (Together with A.K. Nazimova)
• Soviet workers amid accelerating socio-economic development. M .: Nauka, 1987. (Ed. Ed., Author of sections).
• The working class in a socialist society: trends and development prospects in the context of intensification and restructuring of the economy. M .: Nauka, 1988.
• What was it? Reflections on the premises and results of what happened to us in the 30s and 40s. M .: Politizdat, 1989. (Together with E.V. Klopov).
• Labor movement: documentary and analytical materials. M.: IPZ RAS, 1992. (Ed. Ed.)
• Mining movement: documentary and analytical materials. M .: IPZ RAS, 1992. (Ed. Ed.).
• Miners-92. Social consciousness and the social image of the working elite. M .: Progress, 1993. (Together with E. B. Gruzdeva and V. V. Komarovsky).
• Essays on the labor movement in post-socialist Russia. Subjective observations, coupled with an attempt to objectively analyze the intermediate results of the study. M .: IMEMO RAS and the Russian-American Foundation for Trade Union Research and Training, 1993.
• On the way to social partnership. The development of social and labor relations in modern Russia - from one-sided command management to trilateral cooperation. M .: Special. Appendix to the bulletin “Constitutional Bulletin”, 1993. (Together with E. Klopov, E. Shablinskaya and others).
• The scope of the possible. Variants of socio-political development of Russia and the ability of Russian society to bear the hardships of transitional time. M .: Russian-American Foundation for Trade Union Research and Training and IMEMO RAS, 1995.
• Hope or threat? Labor movement and trade unions in a transitional society. M .: Russian-American Foundation for Trade Union Research and Training and IMEMO RAS, 1995.
• To the study of social problems of labor in Russia in the first half of the 90s: subjects and objects of social and labor relations. M .: IMEMO RAS, 1996. (Social and labor research. Issue I). (Together with V. G. Gimpelson, E. V. Klopov, etc.)
• The situation of employees in Russia in the 90s. Contradictions of conditions and wages as a manifestation of the post-socialist crisis of living conditions. M .: IMEMO RAS, 1997. (Social and labor research. Issue VII)
• Steep layer: Miner life amid restructuring and nationwide changes (General editing - together with E.V. Klopov and I.S. Kozhukhovsky; writing sections). M .: Complex-Progress, 1999.
• Losses and gains in Russia of the nineties. Historical and sociological essays on the economic situation of the popular majority. T. 1-2. M.: Editorial URSS, 2000-2001. (Together with E.V. Klopov). T. 1. A changing country in a changing world: prerequisites for changes in working conditions and living standards. 2000.V.2. Changing life in a changing country. 2001.

• Biography
• Klopov E.V. On the occasion of the 75th birthday of Leonid Abramovich Gordon
• pseudology.org/Gallup/Gordon_LA.htm (colleagues recollections)