Threaded connection M39 × 1

The M39 × 1 screw connection is a screw connection between a lens and a camera with a thread diameter of 39 mm and a thread pitch of 1 mm. Used in Soviet photographic equipment since the 1930s.

The connecting thread of the Leica cameras was in inch steps - 26 turns per inch (M39 × 26tpi), which in terms of the metric system was 0.9769 mm.

M39 × 1 / 28.8

Set of four threaded extension rings M39 × 1

The working segment is 28.8 mm. Standard for rangefinder cameras . Described in GOST 10332.

Spread as a threaded connection of rangefinder cameras " FED ", " Zarya ", " Sharp ", " World ", " Friend " and " Leningrad ".

M39 × 1 / 45.2

" Jupiter-11 ", independently redesigned M39 → M42

Converted "Jupiter-11" on " Zenith-11 "

Camera “ Chaika-2 ” and lens “ Industar-69 ”

The working segment is 45.2 mm. The standard for single-lens reflex cameras Zenit , Zenit-S , Zenit-3 , Zenit-3M , Crystal , Zenit-E of earlier releases.

Single-lens mirror cameras, produced by KMZ before 1967 , had a threaded connection M39 × 1, which came from rangefinder cameras such as “Vigilant”. The working length was increased to accommodate the swivel mirror inside the chamber. However, the thread diameter remained the same to reduce production costs and time required to create new lenses.

The presence of identical threads with different working lengths confused consumers, the amateur photographer could mistakenly buy a “rangefinder” lens. In addition, with the proliferation of the M42 × 1 thread, it was necessary to produce cameras with both types of threads, which led to an increase in production costs.

Later on the Zenit cameras, the M39 × 1 / 45.2 mount was replaced with M42 × 1 / 45.5 (first introduced on the Zenit-E serial model since 1967)

KMZ also produced rings with an internal thread M39 × 1 and an external thread M42 × 1 for self-modifying lenses to a new standard; instructions were published for independently increasing the working distance by 0.3 mm for old Zenith lenses. ^[one]

The sets of extension rings with an M39 × 1 mount manufactured by the FED and KMZ included an extension ring with a thickness of 16.4 mm, which made it possible to mount the lenses of SLR cameras on the FED - Zorkiy rangefinder cameras . In this case, the rangefinder camera turned into a scale : the range finder could not be used, as the lens of the rangefinder cam pusher was absent in the lenses of the SLR cameras.

M39 × 1 / 27.5

It was used in half-format scale cameras with a central shutter “ Seagull-2 ”, “ Seagull-2M ”, “ Seagull-3 ”. The working segment is 27.5 mm. Lens - “ Industar-69 ” 2.8 / 28, interchangeable lenses for cameras of the “ Chaika ” family were not produced.

On the "Seagull" the first model was a fixed lens.

Comparison with other types of mounts

Comparative table of the most common mount lenses
Title	Working segment mm	Diameter mm	The size frame	Type of	Production
Mamiya RB ^[2]	112.0	?	6 × 7 cm	bayonet mount with a lock on the lens	?
Mamiya RZ ^[2]	105.0	?	6 × 7 cm	bayonet mount with a lock on the lens	?
Rolleiflex SL66 ^[2]	102.8	?	6 × 6 cm	bayonet mount	1966-1992
Bronica ^[2]	101.7	57	6 × 6 cm	multiple threaded bayonet	?
Pentax 67 ^[2]	84.95 ^[3]	?	6 × 7 cm	external and internal bayonet	?
Bronica GS1	?	?	6 × 7 cm	bayonet	1983-2002
Bayonet B	82.1 ^[3]	60	6 × 6 cm	three-way bayonet	Since 1957
Kowa Six / Super 66	79	?	6 × 6 cm	cover ring	1968-1974
Hasselblad 500/2000 ^[2]	74.9	?	6 × 6 cm	bayonet mount	-
Bayonet B ^[3]	74.0	60	6 × 6 cm	circlip bayonet	Since 1957
Rolleiflex SLX	74	?	6 × 6 cm	bayonet	since 1976
Pentax 645 ^[2]	70,87	?	6 × 4.5 cm	bayonet	-
Mamiya 645 ^[2]	63.3	?	6 × 4.5 cm	bayonet	Since 1975
Leica visoflex	62.5	?	24 × 36 mm	bayonet	1935-1984
Hasselblad H ^[4] ^[2]	61.63	?	6 × 4.5 cm	bayonet	?
Leica s	?	?	54 × 45 mm	bayonet	Since 2008
T2-mount ^[2] ("M42 × 0.75")	55	42	24 × 36 mm	thread	Since 1962 sovr. view T-mount
Topcon uv	55	?	24 × 36 mm	bayonet	since 1964
T-mount ^[2] ("M37 × 0.75")	50.2	37	24 × 36 mm	thread	1957-1962
Praktina	50	?	24 × 36 mm	cover ring	since 1952
Icarex	48	?	24 × 36 mm	ring ring	1966-1971
Bayonet Contax N	48	?	24 × 36 mm	bayonet mount	since 2001
Bayonet Ts ( Zenit-4 ) ^[5]	47.58	47	24 × 36 mm	circlip bayonet	1964-1968
Bayonet Leica R ^[2]	47.0 ^[3]	?	24 × 36 mm	bayonet mount	Since 1964
Nikon F mount ^[6] ^[2]	46.5 ^[3]	44	24 × 36 mm	three-bayonet bayonet	Since 1959
Olympus OM ^[2]	46 ^[3]	?	24 × 36 mm	three-bayonet bayonet with a lock on the lens	1972-2002
Contarex	46	?	24 × 36 mm	bayonet mount	1958-1966
Rolleiflex SL35	45.6	?	24 × 36 mm	three-bayonet bayonet	?
Contax-Yashica bayonet	45.5	?	24 × 36 mm	three-bayonet bayonet	1975—?
Bayonet K ^[6] ^[2]	45.5	48.5	24 × 36 mm	three-bayonet bayonet	since 1976
Altix	45.5 outside; 42.5 internal	?	24 × 36 mm	cover ring	1939-1959
Mamiya E / EF (ZE / CS)	45.5	?	24 × 36 mm	bayonet	since 1980
Pentina	45.5	?	24 × 36 mm	cover ring	since 1960
M42 × 1 ^[7] ^[8]	45.5	42	24 × 36 mm	thread	since 1948
M37 × 1	45.46	37	24 × 36 mm	thread	c 1939
M39 × 1 / 45.2 ^[5]	45.2	39	24 × 36 mm	thread	1953-1967
Exakta ^[2]	44.7 ^[3]	38	24 × 36 mm	Three-bayonet bayonet	-
Voigtlander Bessamatic ^[2]	44.7	47	24 × 36 mm	circlip bayonet	-
DKL mount	44.7	?	24 × 36 mm	bayonet	since 1957
Bayonet A (Minolta A / Sony α) ^[6]	44.50	49.7	24 × 36 mm	three-bayonet bayonet	since 1986
Rolleiflex SL35 ^[2]	44.46	-	24 × 36 mm	bayonet	1970–1998
Praktica b	44.40	48.5	24 × 36 mm	bayonet	since 1980
M40 × 1	44	40	24 × 36 mm	thread	1938-1947
Canon ef	44	54	24 × 36 mm	three-bayonet bayonet	Since 1987
Canon EF-S	44	54	22.2 × 14.8 mm	three-bayonet bayonet	Since 2004
Bayonet Sigma SA	44	44	24 × 36 mm	bayonet	Since 1992
Bayonet Kiev-Avtomat	44.0 ^[3]	41	24 × 36 mm	bayonet	1965-1985
Minolta SR / MC / MD ^[9]	43.50 ^[3]	?	24 × 36 mm	three-bayonet bayonet	1958-2001
Fujica x	43.5	?	24 × 36 mm	three-bayonet bayonet	?
Petriflex	43.5	?	24 × 36 mm	cover ring	since 1963
Rectaflex	43.4	?	24 × 36 mm	bayonet mount	1947-1958
M41,2x1	42.05	41.2	24 × 36 mm	thread	since 1947
Bayonet D ^[5]	42.0	40.5	24 × 36 mm	cover ring	since 1965
Canon r	41.9	48	24 × 36 mm	cover ring	1959-1964
Canon FL	41.9	48	24 × 36 mm	ring ring	1964-1971
Canon FD ^[6]	41.9	48	24 × 36 mm	cover ring	1971–1990
Canon fdn	41.9	48	24 × 36 mm	bayonet	1978–1990
Miranda bayonet	41.5	44	24 × 36 mm	four-bayonet with 44x1 thread	1954-1974
Konica F ^[2]	40.5 ^[3]	40	24 × 36 mm	bayonet	1960-1963
Konica AR	40.5	?	24 × 36 mm	bayonet	1965-1988
Standard 4: 3	38.67	50	17.3 × 13 mm	bayonet	Since 2003
Alpa ^[2]	37,8	48	24 × 36 mm	bayonet mount	-
Hasselblad XPan	34.27	?	24 × 65 mm	bayonet	since 1998
Bayonet Contax-Kiev RF	34.85 outer ^[3] ; 31.85 internal	49 outdoor; 36 inner	24 × 36 mm	external and internal bayonet	1932-1985
Bayonet Contax G	28.95	?	24 × 36 mm	bayonet	1994-2005
Olympus Pen F	28.95	?	24 × 18 mm	bayonet mount	c 1963
M39 × 1 / 28.8 ^[7]	28,8	39	24 × 36 mm	thread	1932-1995
M24 × 1	28,8	24	14 × 21 mm	thread	1961-1965
Bayonet Leica M ^[2]	27.8 ^[3]	?	24 × 36 mm	four-bayonet bayonet	Since 1954
M39 × 1 / 27.5	27.5	39	18 × 24 mm	thread	1967-1974
Bayonet 110	27	?	17 × 13 mm	bayonet	Since 1978
Fujifilm G bayonet	26.7	?	32.9 × 43.8 mm	bayonet	Since 2017
Samsung NX ^[2]	25.5	42	23.4 × 15.6 mm	bayonet	Since 2010
Canon RF	20	54	24 × 36 mm	bayonet	Since 2018
Bayonet L	20	51.6	24 × 36 mm	bayonet	Since 2014
Micro 4: 3 (Micro Four Thirds) ^[2]	19.25	44	17.3 × 13 mm	bayonet mount	Since 2008
Canon EF-M	18	54	22.3 × 14.9 mm	bayonet mount	Since 2012
E bayonet (Sony NEX)	18	46.1	24 × 36 mm	bayonet	Since 2010
Fujifim x	17.7	40.6	23.6 × 15.6 mm	bayonet	Since 2012
Nikon 1	17	?	13.2 × 8.8 mm	bayonet	2011-18
Nikon Z mount	sixteen	55	24 × 36 mm	bayonet mount	Since 2018
Pentax Q	9.2	?	6.17 × 4.55 mm, 7.44 × 5.58 mm ( Q7 )	bayonet	Since 2011 Since 2013
Samsung NX-M	7.3	?	13.2 × 8.8 mm	bayonet	?

Incompatibility of FED camera lenses - “Vigilant” and “Leica M39 lens mount” lenses

The camera " Sharp " - the cam on the range finder lever

The camera " Leica II " - video

On the Internet, photographic forums can be used to discuss the topic of the incompatibility of Soviet lenses for FED-Sharp cameras with Leica cameras (and vice versa). ^[10] ^[11]

The problem is that when installing Soviet lenses on foreign cameras (and vice versa) there is a discrepancy between the rangefinder readings and the true distance from the subject to the camera (more precisely, to the film plane in the frame window), the distance is measured, for example, with a tape measure. For example, the distance to the subject is 5 meters, a “foreign” lens focused with the help of a range finder shows a different distance. Moreover, the greater the focal length of the lens, the greater the difference. Manufacturers of photographic equipment do not comment on this phenomenon.

Photographers explain this phenomenon as follows. Leica cameras have a roller on the range-finder lever and a cam on the “FED” cameras - “Sharp”. Therefore, the angles of rotation of the rangefinder lever with the same extension of the lens are different.

Leica III with Jupiter-8 lens

Soviet lenses for cameras "FED" - "Zorkiy" were produced on equipment obtained from reparations from Carl Zeiss , which produced Contax rangefinder cameras (in the USSR, their copies were produced - rangefinder " Kiev "). The standard lenses of these cameras supposedly had a focal length of 52.3 mm, and Leica lenses - 50 mm. Accordingly, the adjustment of the rangefinder . For the purposes of unification and standardization, one optics was mounted on the “Kievs” and the “Vigilant” - the standard lens “ Jupiter-8 ” (the frames, respectively, are different), the focal length was always indicated at 50 mm. Also on the lenses “ Industar-22 ”, “Industar-26M”, “Industar-50” the focal length of 5 cm (or 50 mm) was always indicated.

On the Kiev-4 rangefinder cameras, both the Jupiter-8 lens (50 mm on the frame) and the Helios-103 (53 mm indicated) were installed as a standard lens. However, the focusing mechanism using an internal bayonet is the same, which, at different focal lengths, should contradict the laws of physics (an objective with a greater focal length when focusing at distances less than infinity should be extended more). These lenses did not have their own focusing mechanism (a lens unit in the frame), focusing only due to the camera.

Calculation of the extension of the lens when focusing on the formula of a thin lens

The formula for a thin lens was discovered by Isaac Barrow (1630–1677).

{1 \over u}+{1 \over v}={1 \over f}

{\ displaystyle {1 \ over u} + {1 \ over v} = {1 \ over f}}

Where $u$ ${\ displaystyle u}$ - distance from the optical axis of the lens to the subject; $v$ ${\ displaystyle v}$ - the distance from the optical axis of the lens to the plane of the film; $f$ ${\ displaystyle f}$ - the main focal length of the lens.

If the distance from the optical axis of the lens to the subject is equal to “infinity”, then with a focal length of 50 mm, the distance from the optical axis of the lens to the plane of the film will also be 50 mm; accordingly, with a focal length of 53 mm - a distance of 53 mm;

if u =

\infty

{\ displaystyle \ infty}

(infinity) then

{1 \over v}={1 \over f}

{\ displaystyle {1 \ over v} = {1 \ over f}}

or

{v}={f}

{\ displaystyle {v} = {f}} , the optical axis of the lens is spaced from the plane of the film at a distance equal to the focal length.

If a $u=5000$ ${\ displaystyle u = 5000}$ mm, then at a focal length of 50 mm: ${\frac {1}{5000}}+{1 \over v}={\frac {1}{50}}$ ${\ displaystyle {\ frac {1} {5000}} + {1 \ over v} = {\ frac {1} {50}}}$ , or ${1 \over v}={\frac {1}{50}}-{\frac {1}{5000}}$ ${\ displaystyle {1 \ over v} = {\ frac {1} {50}} - {\ frac {1} {5000}}}$ ,

and the distance from the film to the optical axis of the lens will be $v=50,5050$ ${\ displaystyle v = 50,5050}$ mm

If a $u=5000$ ${\ displaystyle u = 5000}$ mm, then with a focal length of 53 mm: ${\frac {1}{5000}}+{1 \over v}={\frac {1}{53}}$ ${\ displaystyle {\ frac {1} {5000}} + {1 \ over v} = {\ frac {1} {53}}}$ , or ${1 \over v}={\frac {1}{53}}-{\frac {1}{5000}}$ ${\ displaystyle {1 \ over v} = {\ frac {1} {53}} - {\ frac {1} {5000}}}$ ,

and the distance from the film to the optical axis of the lens will be $v=53,5678$ ${\ displaystyle v = 53,5678}$ mm

Notes

↑ Instructions for remodeling interchangeable photographic lenses with M39 × 1 mount
↑ ¹ ² ³ ⁴ ⁵ ⁶ ⁷ ⁸ ⁹ ¹⁰ ¹¹ ¹² ¹³ ¹⁴ ¹⁵ ¹⁶ ¹⁷ ¹⁸ ¹⁹ ²⁰ ²¹ ²² ²³ Stephen H. Westin. Alphabetical List of Camera Mounts (English) (August 6, 2012). The appeal date is June 15, 2013.
↑ ¹ ² ³ ⁴ ⁵ ⁶ ⁷ ⁸ ⁹ ¹⁰ ¹¹ ¹² V. Gutskin. Attachment of interchangeable lenses // Soviet Photo : magazine. - 1981. - No. 4 . - p . 42 . - ISSN 0371-4284 .
↑ IMAGE PLANE LOCATION (English) . H System Digital Cameras . Hasselblad . The appeal date is June 15, 2013.
↑ ¹ ² ³ GOST 10332-63 Photographic devices. Connection of lenses with cameras (Unsolved) . Standards Zenit Camera (January 1, 1964). The appeal date is June 17, 2013.
↑ ¹ ² ³ ⁴ M.D. Shtykan. Characteristics of bayonet of the leading photographic firms of Japan and their variants, adopted in the USSR and the GDR (Neopr.) . World technical level of development of bayonet . Zenit Camera (1987). The appeal date is June 15, 2013.
↑ ¹ ² GOST 10332-72 Cameras for 35 mm film. The main dimensions of the threaded connections of lenses with cameras (Neopr.) . Free library of GOSTs (July 1, 1973). The appeal date is June 16, 2013.
↑ Lens threaded connections (Unsolved) . Standards Zenit Camera. The appeal date is June 17, 2013.
↑ Modifications of the Minolta SR bayonet (Unc.) . Sony Club (February 22, 2006). The appeal date is August 31, 2013.
↑ Dante stella (Unsolved) (inaccessible link) . The appeal date is October 14, 2012. Archived October 14, 2011.
↑ Rangefinderforum.com

Links

[1] Instructions for remodeling interchangeable photographic lenses with M39 × 1 mount

[west-2] ¹ ² ³ ⁴ ⁵ ⁶ ⁷ ⁸ ⁹ ¹⁰ ¹¹ ¹² ¹³ ¹⁴ ¹⁵ ¹⁶ ¹⁷ ¹⁸ ¹⁹ ²⁰ ²¹ ²² ²³ Stephen H. Westin. Alphabetical List of Camera Mounts (English) (August 6, 2012). The appeal date is June 15, 2013.

[sf1981-3] ¹ ² ³ ⁴ ⁵ ⁶ ⁷ ⁸ ⁹ ¹⁰ ¹¹ ¹² V. Gutskin. Attachment of interchangeable lenses // Soviet Photo : magazine. - 1981. - No. 4 . - p . 42 . - ISSN 0371-4284 .

[4] IMAGE PLANE LOCATION (English) . H System Digital Cameras . Hasselblad . The appeal date is June 15, 2013.

[z7-5] ¹ ² ³ GOST 10332-63 Photographic devices. Connection of lenses with cameras (Unsolved) . Standards Zenit Camera (January 1, 1964). The appeal date is June 17, 2013.

[zenit1-6] ¹ ² ³ ⁴ M.D. Shtykan. Characteristics of bayonet of the leading photographic firms of Japan and their variants, adopted in the USSR and the GDR (Neopr.) . World technical level of development of bayonet . Zenit Camera (1987). The appeal date is June 15, 2013.

[gost42-7] ¹ ² GOST 10332-72 Cameras for 35 mm film. The main dimensions of the threaded connections of lenses with cameras (Neopr.) . Free library of GOSTs (July 1, 1973). The appeal date is June 16, 2013.

[8] Lens threaded connections (Unsolved) . Standards Zenit Camera. The appeal date is June 17, 2013.

[9] Modifications of the Minolta SR bayonet (Unc.) . Sony Club (February 22, 2006). The appeal date is August 31, 2013.

[10] Dante stella (Unsolved) (inaccessible link) . The appeal date is October 14, 2012. Archived October 14, 2011.

[11] Rangefinderforum.com

Threaded connection M39 × 1

M39 × 1 / 28.8

M39 × 1 / 45.2

M39 × 1 / 27.5

Comparison with other types of mounts

Incompatibility of FED camera lenses - “Vigilant” and “Leica M39 lens mount” lenses

Calculation of the extension of the lens when focusing on the formula of a thin lens

Notes

See also

Links

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