M-100B

In the second half of the 70s, the production of the M-100 was transferred to the Stankomash plant ( Chelyabinsk ), where a new modification of the M-100B rocket was developed. Based on this missile, target air defense systems are also produced (MS-9ITs-B, MR-9ITs-B, 96M6M Kaban). Ishtulov Albert Georgievich took part in the development.

Berestov Boris Arkadevich took part in the development of launchers.

M-100B is an uncontrolled two-stage solid propellant rocket with aerodynamic stabilizers at both stages. Its first step has a diameter of 250 mm, a length of 4.1 m and works for 5 s. The second stage of the same diameter with a length of 1.5 m works 4.5 s. The launch is carried out along a trajectory close to the vertical from the launcher with spiral guides that give the rocket rotation around its longitudinal axis at a speed of 3.5 revolutions per second. Rotation eliminates the influence of the asymmetry of engine thrust and aerodynamics of the rocket hull on the flight path.

The separation of the steps is "hot", after the ignition of gunpowder in the second stage. The head of the rocket with instruments and power supplies (batteries and accumulators) in the active part of the trajectory (while the engine is running) is covered with a fairing; at an altitude of 50 km it is reset. The head part is separated at an altitude of 65-70 km. At the same time, a parachute with an area of ​​about 40 m² opens, which stabilizes flight in the upper part of the free fall trajectory, and in dense layers of the atmosphere (below 60 km) it drastically slows down the rate of decline and causes the rocket to drift in accordance with the strength and direction of the wind.

The basic composition of the equipment consisted of Pirani pressure gauges - for determining pressure, resistance thermometers designed to measure temperature, containers with dipoles.

Atmospheric temperature is determined by four resistance thermometers made of the finest tungsten wire. The action of these devices is based on the ability of metals to change electrical resistance depending on temperature. At the same time, amendments are introduced that take into account the speed of the rocket, solar radiation, thermal inertia of the wire, etc.

Wind speed at large (60-90km) heights is measured by observing with the help of a ground-based radar the movement of dipoles (metallized balloons, ribbons or glass needles), which the rocket throws out of the container upon command from the Earth. (E. A. Besyadovsky, G. A. Kokin, N. S. Livshits, S. V. Pakhomov).

In addition to the basic complex, other instruments were also installed on the rocket: optical ozonometers (N. N. Brezgin, G. I. Kuznetsov, A. F. Chizhov, O. V. Shtyrkov), water vapor sensors (A. V. Fedynsky, M. G. Khaplanov, V. A. Yushkov), atomic oxygen meters (S. P. Perov, A. V. Fedynsky, A. F. Chizhov) and nitric oxide (A. M. Zadorozhny, S. A. Kozhukhov, G. . A. Tuchkov), aerosol counters (Yu. A. Bragin et al.), Particle counters (V.F. Tulinov), electronic probes (S.V. Pakhomov, A.A. Yastrebov), ion concentration meters ( Yu. A. Bragin, T. I. Orishich), testers bridges of the electric field (Yu. A. Bragin, A. A. Kocheev, A. A. Tyutin), containers with inflatable spheres for determining wind speed and direction, density and temperature (A. N. Melnikov, S. V. Pakhomov) , as well as a number of other devices.

To determine the concentration of ozone, the chemiluminescent method is used. When a rocket moves through its on-board flow reactor, which is protected from light by maze traps, air flows. Ozone, interacting with the surface of a disk made of porous glass coated with a phosphor, causes its luminescence, which is detected by sensitive photodetectors. Other devices use reactions that measure the concentrations of nitrogen oxides and atomic oxygen, the layer of which is located at an altitude of 90-100 km (V.I. Konkov, S.P. Perov)

Since 1970 , the tropical part of the Indian Ocean has become a region of intense Soviet missile observations (Academician Shirshov 1970–1971 under the CJSC Stratomesosphere program with the participation of 6 NIS in the Pacific and Indian Oceans ). Missile launches were carried out in the equatorial part of the Indian Ocean with optical instruments to determine the profiles of ozone and aerosol in the framework of the international program "Monsoon-79" ("Academic Shirshov", 1979 ), daily missile launches under the national program "Vertical" (1983- 84gg.) On the problem of "FTC, the Sun, forecast."

In the 80s, the missile sensing network of the USSR, the countries of the socialist camp and India included eight stations: about. Heysa (81 S. Sh., 58 in. D.), "Ahtopol" ( NRB , 42 S. Sh., 44 in. D.), " Volgograd " (49 S. Sh., 44. D.) , “ Zingst ” ( GDR , 53 n.a., 12th century), “ Balkhash ” (47 n.a., 75th.d.), “Sayn-Shand” ( MPR , 48 n.a. , 107th century), “Curbstone” ( India , 9th latitude, 77th longitude), “ Youth ” ( Antarctica , 68 south latitude, 46th longitude). The M-100B missile systems were also equipped with four research ships and weather vessels of the USSR State Committee for Hydrometeorology (A.I. Voeikov and Yu. M. Shokalsky, Akademik Shirshov, Akademik Korolev). In total, from SRZA, from 500 to 600 launches of missiles MMR-06 , MMR-06M and M-100B per year were carried out. Regular launches were carried out once a week in the summer, and during the period of seasonal adjustment, the frequency of sounding increased.

In 1990 , the flight of Academician Shirshov took place with a daily series of 6-7 rockets for studying atmospheric tides as part of the international project Dynamics Adapted Network for the Atmosphere (DYANA). In the framework of the international program “DYANA” and as part of the third ozone Soviet-Indian complex experiment, from January 15 to June 7, 1990, 70 launches of M-100B missiles were carried out at the Indian station “Tumba” and from the board of the Academician research vessel Shirshov ”in the equatorial region of the Indian Ocean.

In connection with the collapse of the socialist camp, and then the USSR , and a sharp reduction in funding, the SRZA network was liquidated. Only SRZA Volgograd in Znamensk has survived. Thanks to the persistence of scientists of the Central Administrative District, especially prof. G.A. Kokin, rocket research has now been resumed: 50 launches of meteorological rockets at the base of the Central Administrative District in Znamensk have been carried out. A few launches from about. Hayes.

In July-August 1991 , as part of the Silvery Clouds -91 international campaign on Fr. Hayes launched a series of M-100B rockets with optical equipment for recording light scattered by the atmosphere. An abnormally large light scattering was detected in two launches on July 31, 1991. This phenomenon can be explained only by the presence of mesospheric clouds. Thus, mesospheric clouds were first discovered at such high latitudes (G. A. Kokin, A. N. Melnikov, A. F. Chizhov, O. V. Shtyrkov, G. Witt, N. Wilhelm).

The list of M-100 and M-100B launches is available on the Encyclopedia Astronautica website . © Mark Wade, 1997-2008

• Geophysical rocket
• Meteorology
• Meteorological rocket
• Anti-hail rocket

• DC "Flight", October 2007 (inaccessible link)
• Exhibition samples of meteorological rockets in the area near the cultural and leisure center "Flight". North of Moscow
• The M-100B meteoroid is intended for sensing the stratosphere and mesosphere. North of Moscow (inaccessible link)
• Institute of Experimental Meteorology. NGO Typhoon
• Build a meteorological rocket. Photo from the archive of the Central Administrative District.
• Transportation of the M100B meteorological rocket to the launch site in Antarctica at Molodezhnaya station. Photo from the archive of the Central Administrative District.
• Target complexes of the plant "Stankomash". RIA News"
• M-100B at the starting position. From the booklet on the 65th anniversary of the Central Administrative District
• The launch of meteorological rockets from Hayes Island was resumed after a 30-year break (M-100B). Photo: Irina Skalina. “Rossiyskaya Gazeta” - Pomeranian Territory No. 4752 dated September 17, 2008
• M-100B in the pavilion "Cosmos" at VDNH (left). (inaccessible link)

• 50 years of meteorological rocket sounding of the atmosphere. Newspaper "Soviet Physicist"
• Central Aerological Observatory - 60 years.
• Beloborodov Ivan Fedorovich. "Heroes of the country"
• V.N. Greenberg: about life and about rockets. Lecture. 1 Mb
• Meteorological rocket. Equipment. The world of technology in entertaining articles.
• Encyclopedia Astronautica. © Mark Wade, 1997-2008
• ISHTULOV Albert Georgievich. Chronicle of Chelyabinsk
• ISHTULOV Albert Georgievich. RUSSIAN UNION OF SCIENTIFIC AND ENGINEERING PUBLIC ASSOCIATIONS
• Berestov Boris Arkadevich. International Slavic Academy.
• Vasiliev Leonid Petrovich. Travel to the North Atlantic. Science is young.
• Boar (96M6M), a multi-purpose target missile system
• Ballistic missile target 96M6M
• Missile target MR-9ITs-B
• Target aircraft MS-9ITs-B
• Atmospheric Rocket Sensing Laboratory (LRS)
• Booklet for the 65th anniversary of the Central Administrative District. 1.8MB