Yellow rhododendron [2] ( lat. Rhododéndron lúteum ) is a shrub , a species of the genus Rhododendron ( Rhododendron ) of the Heather family ( Ericaceae ).
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Rhododendron luteum sweet | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Content
- 1 Distribution and ecology
- 2 Botanical Description
- 3 In culture
- 4 History
- 5 Diseases and pests
- 6 notes
- 7 See also
- 8 Literature
Distribution and Ecology
The range of the species covers eastern and southeastern Europe , Asia Minor and Transcaucasia . In Russia, the plant is found in the European part and in the Caucasus ( Dagestan , Ciscaucasia , western and eastern Transcaucasia ).
It grows in forests (mostly dry) as undergrowth , on forest edges , overgrowing felling, and also in open places, mainly on poor gravelly soil. It occurs at altitudes from 0 to 2000 meters above sea level [3] [4] .
Top down: A branch with kidneys. Flowers. |
Botanical Description
The view is very polymorphic . Some authors identify a number of varieties differing in the character of pubescence and leaf shape [4] .
Yellow rhododendron - deciduous , branched shrub 2–4 m high, strongly growing, reaching 6 m across. Young shoots are glandular-shaggy.
The leaves are oblong-obovate, oblong-lanceolate or oblong-elliptic, 4 to 12 cm long, 1.5-8 cm wide, pointed, narrowed to the base, finely serrate and ciliated along the edge, on 5–7 mm long petioles .
Flowers on pedicels 1-2 cm long, collected in 7-12-flower umbellate scutes . Calyx small, with glandular-ciliary lobes 2-5 mm long; corolla orange or yellow, externally glandular, 3 to 5 cm long, about 5 cm in diameter, funnel-shaped, corolla tube narrow-cylindrical, widened at the top, elongated lobes. 5 stamens , curved, exceeding the corolla; their filaments are pubescent from the base to half; glandular ovary ; the column is thin, longer than the stamens.
The fruit is an oblong-cylindrical box 1.5-2.5 cm long.
It blooms in April - June, before the appearance of leaves or simultaneously with them. Fruits in June - August.
In Culture
In culture since 1792, and possibly earlier. It is very decorative during the flowering period, as well as in autumn due to the bright color of the leaves. There are many garden forms , as well as hybrids , which are much more decorative than the original form [4] .
In GBS since 1952. At 18 years, the height of the bushes reached 0.5-1.2 m, diameter 75-135 cm. The first flowering was noted at 5 years. According to long-term data, the earliest date for the beginning of flowering on May 17 and 18 was in 1967 and 1968, the latest date for June 7 was in 1965 and 1971. Mass flowering - in early June [5] . Flowering begins already during the blooming of leaves and continues in stages, since the flowering period is long. The flowers exude a strong aroma, and already several bushes in the garden are able to create a “southern atmosphere” [6] . In mid-June, the leaves bloom, in July they become autumn in color, in October they fall. The growth of the main shoots ends in late August. The growth over the growing season is 4-8 cm, the maximum - 15-25 cm. The fruits ripen in October-November. Seed viability of 84%. Every year, flower buds and annual shoots are partially frost-bitten, therefore, for the winter, plants are recommended to cover or bend branches to the ground. Winter hardiness I — II. Shoots are lignified 100% [5] .
In the conditions of the Nizhny Novgorod region it is relatively winter-hardy . In severe winters, the ends of shoots and flower buds freeze, sometimes perennial wood suffers. Seeds ripen [7] .
It can reproduce using root shoots, which is a rather rare method of propagation for the rhododendron family [6] .
The plant is poisonous , all its parts contain andromedotoxin . Causes poisoning of animals. Honey is also poisonous, even for bees [4] .
History
The ancient Greek writer and commander Xenophon tells in his work Anabasis Kira about the strange disease that swept his army in what is now Kurdistan . Local residents knew that it was necessary to beware of "crazy honey", but hungry for a sweet army, coming from distant Greece, almost suffered death. The honey collected by the soldiers was made from the poisonous nectar of yellow rhododendron, which is used by the bees living in this region. After some time, his troops recovered " [6] .
Diseases and Pests
Notes
- ↑ For the conventionality of indicating the class of dicotyledons as a superior taxon for the plant group described in this article, see the APG Systems section of the Dicotyledonous article .
- ↑ Russian name according to: Kondratovich R. Types and varieties of rhododendrons suitable for cultivation in the Latvian SSR // Rhododendrons . - Riga: Zinatne, 1981.
- ↑ According to the GRIN website (see plant card).
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 Poletiko O. M. Rod. 3. Rhododendron - Rhododendron // Trees and shrubs of the USSR. Wild, cultivated and promising for introduction. / Ed. volumes S. Ya. Sokolov . - M. - L .: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR , 1960. - T. V. Angiosperms. Families Myrtle - Olive. - 544 p. - 2200 copies.
- ↑ 1 2 Alexandrova M.S. Rhododendrons of the natural flora of the USSR. - M .: Science, 1975.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Rhododendron luteum - Rhododendron yellow . Arboretum Mustila. Date of treatment September 11, 2014.
- ↑ Mishukova I.V., Khrynova T.R. Results of the introduction of rhododendrons at the Research Institute Botanical Garden of Nizhny Novgorod State University // Bulletin of the Nizhny Novgorod University. N.I. Lobachevsky. - 2014. - No. 3–3 .
See also
- Azalea
Literature
- Flora of the USSR : in 30 tons / started at hand. and under chap. ed. V. L. Komarova . - M .; L .: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR , 1952. - T. 18 / ed. volumes B.K. Shishkin , E.G. Bobrov . - S. 57-58. - 802 s. - 3000 copies.
- Trees and shrubs of the USSR. Wild, cultivated and promising for introduction. / Ed. volumes S. Ya. Sokolov . - M. - L .: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR , 1960. - T. V. Angiosperms. Families Myrtle - Olive. - S. 303-304. - 544 p. - 2200 copies.