Laconic American , or American Fitolacca ( Latin Phytolácca americána ) - a perennial herb ; species of the genus Lakonosov of the Lakonosov family ( Phytolaccaceae ).
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 General view of a flowering and fruiting plant. Michigan State | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Phytolacca americana L. | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Content
Botanical Description
Herbaceous perennial up to 3 m high with many-headed short thick rhizome and fleshy rod root.
The leaves are large, green, simple, opposite, pointed ovate, tapered tapered to the base, whole-cut, 5–40 cm long and 2–10 cm wide [2] , with short angular petioles.
The flowers are bisexual, small (about 0.5 cm in diameter) white, collected in elongated racemose inflorescences (10-15, up to 30 cm long [2] ) at the ends of shoots . The perianth is simple, with round-ovoid, obtuse, whitish at first, and then reddening lobes. There are ten stamens . Ovary upper. It blooms from June to September.
The fruit is a purple-black berry . Ripe fruits are rounded. Seeds are kidney-lenticular, about 3 mm long [2] , shiny, black. Fruits in August.
Roots and shoots are highly toxic [3] [4] Propagated well by seeds (blooms in the year of sowing).
Distribution and habitat
Introduced into the Eastern Hemisphere from North America , spread to the Caucasus ( North Caucasus , Western Transcaucasia , Talysh ).
On the territory of Russia it is found in the Caucasus as an alien plant. In the European part of Russia it is widespread in garden culture. It is bred in botanical gardens and flower beds, often runs wild.
It grows in weedy places near homes, roads, in gardens and vegetable gardens.
Leaves, flowers, fruits. | ||||||||||
Chemical Composition
Alkaloids (including phytolacticin - 0.16% [2] ), essential oil (0.08% [2] ) with a pungent smell and pungent taste were found in the roots, and triterpene saponins were found in the roots and leaves [5] . Fruits and seeds are rich in B and PP vitamins ; in leaves up to 285 mg% vitamin C [2] .
Economic Significance and Application
Green young shoots are used for food purposes as asparagus .
In the Abkhaz cuisine, the berry is used for pickling cucumbers, cabbage, hot pepper and garlic, as a kind of spice that gives astringency and spice , gives the products a pink and purple color.
In the winemaking regions of Europe and Asia , the American lakonos is grown for the sake of berries that give paint for wine.
As a raw material for medicine, freshly chopped root of the American pacifier ( Latin: Radix Phytolaccae americanae recens ) and dried leaves were used [5] .
In American medicine, roots are used as a laxative and a remedy for skin diseases. In the USSR, a tincture of fresh roots and leaves was received, which was part of the Akofit preparation, and root tincture was a part of the Ekhinor preparation. Currently not used [5] .
The plant has antibacterial activity. In England and Germany, liquid extract and root powder (Phytolactin) are used for constipation and to improve metabolism, and externally for rheumatism [2] .
Alkaloid phytolactin irritates the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract, in small doses it has a calming effect on the body, in large doses it disrupts reflex activity, causes shortness of breath , cramps , respiratory center paralysis [2] , digestive and respiratory disorders (irritation of the mucous membranes). [6]
In folk medicine, roots are used as a laxative, emetic, diuretic, and anthelmintic, as well as in diseases of the kidneys and peptic ulcer [2] .
Boiled leaves and young shoots are eaten [2] .
Red juice of berries is used for dyeing silk and wool .
Notes
- ↑ For the conventionality of indicating the class of dicotyledons as a superior taxon for the plant group described in this article, see the APG Systems section of the Dicotyledonous article .
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Gubanov I.A. et al. Wild useful plants of the USSR / ed. ed. T.A. Rabotnov . - M .: Thought , 1976. - S. 120-121. - 360 p. - ( Reference guides to the geographer and traveler ).
- ↑ Medicinal plants. - Illustrated encyclopedic dictionary. - M .: Eksmo, 2007 .-- S. 295-296.
- ↑ Orlov, Boris Nikolaevich. Poisonous animals and plants of the USSR . - ISBN 5060010279 , 9785060010275.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Blinova, K.F. et al. Botanical-Pharmacognostic Dictionary: Ref. allowance / Under (inaccessible link) ed. K.F. Blinova, G.P. Yakovleva. - M .: Higher. school, 1990. - S. 252. - ISBN 5-06-000085-0 .
- ↑ Orlov, Boris Nikolaevich. Poisonous animals and plants of the USSR . - ISBN 5060010279 , 9785060010275.
Links
- Phytolacca americana : information on the taxon in the Plantarium project (identifier of plants and illustrated atlas of species). (Retrieved July 13, 2016)