Secret surveillance

Depending on the conditions in which the events are held, covert surveillance can be carried out in the following forms:

• covert covert surveillance - the conditions in which the operational employee hides his presence from the object of observation.
• encrypted covert surveillance - the conditions under which an operational employee is in close proximity to an object, does not hide his presence, but carefully disguises his actions under a specious, not causing attention object.

For technical equipment, covert surveillance can be carried out:

• using technical means of observation, video and sound recording;
• without the use of technical means.

According to the form of organization, outdoor monitoring is divided into: stationary, mobile and zonal (phased-territorial). There are two ways of external observation: the accompanying one, in which the behavior of the object is monitored from the positions located behind it (both when walking the object and when traveling by car) and the oncoming one, in which it is conducted from the position in front of the object ( both along the route of the object, and in the places of its likely occurrence) and several tricks: “chain” (employees follow the object one after another, observing a certain distance, and periodically change places to avoid detection eniya) "fork" (observation object is performed simultaneously from several sides) "of leading" (observation object being from operational vehicle running at a certain distance ahead of the vehicle object), the observation of parallel streets, lead and others. ^[1]

Tacit observation as a method of obtaining information has existed since antiquity.

In Russia, covert surveillance was officially enshrined in regulations in the second half of the 19th century . Previously, this function was entrusted to the police as a whole. With the creation of the criminal detective and security police departments , it became necessary to identify certain individuals for these purposes, since any tramp knew the full-time agents in person. So there was an institute of fillers .

In the USSR , the state security agencies had an external surveillance service from the very beginning of their foundation. Since 1954, the external surveillance service was part of the 7th Directorate of the KGB of the USSR ). In 1938, its own surveillance service appeared at the criminal investigation department . In the USSR Ministry of Internal Affairs , the 7th Directorate of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR oversaw the surveillance service. In 1991, the Operative Search Department (OPU) of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation was established in Russia, which oversees the external surveillance units of regional internal affairs bodies. ^[2]

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• Federal law “On operational-search activity”
• Law of Ukraine “On the operational-search activity”.
• Operational-search legislation and special technical means
• Special technical means of tacit information
• Instructions to the heads of security departments on the organization of outdoor observations