Protectorate of South Arabia

The protectorate was created on January 18, 1963 from those sultanates of the Aden protectorate that were not included in the Federation of South Arabia . The protectorate of South Arabia consisted of the sultanates of Katiri , Mahra , Quaiti and Wahidi Bir Ali , located in the historical region of Hadramaut , and the Sultanate of Upper Yafa , which was part of the Western Aden protectorate .

1963 year .

• January 18, 1963 - The Protectorate of South Arabia was created.
• April 13 - The provisional constitution of the Yemen Arab Republic was adopted ^[1] .
• April 26 - the Central Council for Tribal Affairs was created by presidential decree in the Yemen Arab Republic , tribal sheikhs were transferred the rights of local self-government and tax collection, state salaries were established for members of provincial councils of sheikhs ^[1] .
• April 30 - Egypt and Saudi Arabia signed an agreement on the separation of forces in North Yemen and the cessation of hostilities ^[2] .
• May 20 - Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser gave a speech in which he declared the unity of the revolutionary movement in the Arab world and that the Egyptian expeditionary force in North Yemen defends the Yemeni revolution and the right of self-determination of Yemen ^[3] .
• May 26 - the President of the Yemen Arab Republic, Marshal Abdullah al-Sallal signed a decree, which gave himself the right to declare a state of emergency in the country ^[4] .
• June 1 - a state of emergency was declared throughout the territory of the Yemen Arab Republic ^[5] .
• September 2 - A conference of 500 Sheikh tribes of North Yemen, Muslim theologians and representatives of the authorities of the Yemen Arab Republic on the future of the country gathered in Amran . The conference supported the preservation of the republican regime ^[6] .
• September 16 - In the Yemen Arab Republic, in accordance with the decisions of the Amran Conference, a decree was issued on the creation of a tribal militia ^[7] .
• October 14 - Sheikh Rajih bin Galeb Labusa raises an anti-British uprising of the Yemeni tribes in the mountains of Radfana ( Federation of South Arabia ). The uprising was supported by the recently created National Front of the occupied south of Yemen ^[8] , and the outbreak of the war for the liberation of South Yemen from British power was later called the “October 14 Revolution” ^[9] .
• December 11 - The UN General Assembly, at the initiative of the USSR and several other countries, adopted resolution No. 1949 on Aden and British protectorates , recognizing the right of the people of South Yemen to freedom and independence and condemning the repression of the British authorities of Aden against Arabs ^[10] .

1964 year .

• January 4 - President of the Yemeni Arab Republic Abdullah al-Sallal returned from Cairo to Sana'a , accompanied by Egyptian leaders Marshal Abdel Hakim Amer and Anwar Sadat ^[11] .
• January 8 - the President of the Yemen Arab Republic, Marshal Abdullah al-Sallal issued a decree "On the organization of power in the YAR" , which performed the role of an interim constitution ^[11] .
• January 13 - King of Saudi Arabia Saud ibn Abdel Aziz al-Saud , despite contradictions with Egypt and the republican regime in North Yemen, arrived in Cairo for a meeting of heads of Arab countries ^[3] .
• January 16 - Jordan recognized the republican regime in North Yemen after the meeting of YAR President Abdullah al-Sallal and King Hussein of Jordan in Cairo ^[3] .
• February 10 - Hassan al-Amri was appointed Prime Minister of the Republic of Yemen , succeeding Abdullah Rahman al-Aryani .
• March 21 - an agreement on friendship was signed between the USSR and the Yemen Arab Republic ^[12] .
• April 24 - Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser , who was in Yemen for the first time, announced that he would strongly support the anti-British movement in Aden ^[13] .
• April 27 - the permanent constitution of the Yemen Arab Republic was adopted ^[13] .
• April 29 - Hamud al-Jayfi, ambassador to the UAR, was appointed Prime Minister of the Yemen Arab Republic ^{[14] [15]} .
• June 5 - A meeting of opposition organizations in South Yemen was held at the residence of the League of Arab States in Cairo to discuss the organizational unity of anti-British forces ^[16] .
• June 30 - The opposition organizations of South Yemen issued a joint declaration in which they reiterated their intention to combine their efforts in the struggle against the British authorities ^[16] .
• October 1 - The Organization for the Liberation of the Occupied South of Yemen was created ^[17] .
• November 7 - President of the Yemen Arab Republic Abdullah al-Sallal announced the cessation of hostilities against the monarchists on the night of November 8 in accordance with the Erkvit agreements. However, the civil war did not stop ^[5] .
• December 2 - Deputy Prime Ministers of the Yemeni Arab Republic Mohammed Mahmoud al-Zubeiri and Abdurrahman al-Ariani and Chairman of the Advisory Council of the YAR Ahmed Mohammed Numan resigned, accusing President al-Sallal of abuse of authority. A government crisis began in the country ^[18] .

1965 year .

• March 11 - A meeting of political organizations of South Yemen was held in Cairo at the headquarters of the League of Arab States , who unsuccessfully tried to agree on a unity of action ^[17] .
• April 1 - in the Barat region, while visiting tribes, the North Yemen az-Zubeiri was killed, trying to end the civil war between Republicans and monarchists by unifying the nation on the basis of Islam ^[19] .
• April 21 - the day after the resignation of the government of the Yemeni Arab Republic , led by Hassan al-Amri Numan, a supporter of the murdered al-Zubeiri, formed a new cabinet and spoke with the government program ^[19] .
• May 2 - A national conference was opened in Hamer ( Yemen Arab Republic ) with representatives of the republican regime and the monarchist opposition. The Hamer Conference expressed confidence in the new government of the country, supported the creation of a national army, the withdrawal of Egyptian troops and the introduction of the conservative constitution of al-Zubeiri ^[19] .
• June 22 - The I Congress of the National Front for the Liberation of the Occupied South of Yemen opened in the city of Djibla ( Yemen, Arab Republic ). In the course of three days of work, the congress adopted the National Charter, proclaiming the abandonment of the capitalist path of development of South Yemen ^[20] .
• July 13 - The National Charter of the Yemen Arab Republic was published, confirming the inviolability of the republican system and the alliance with Egypt ^[21] .
• July 20 - the government of the Yemeni Arab Republic was formed , headed by Hassan al-Amri ^[21] .
• August 10 - in the city of Taif ( Saudi Arabia ), the politicians of North Yemen and the monarchists signed a pact proclaiming the creation of the "Yemeni Islamic State." The pact provided for a plebiscite on the future state system of the country after the withdrawal of Egyptian troops and the end of the civil war ^[22] .
• August 24 - Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser and King of Saudi Arabia Faisal ibn Abdel Aziz Al-Saud signed an agreement in Jeddah on the Yemeni issue. It was planned to hold a plebiscite in the Yemen Arab Republic on the future state structure no later than November 23, 1966 and to evacuate the Egyptian troops from their northern Yemen ^[22] .
• September 25 - The British High Commissioner canceled the constitution of the colony of Aden and dismissed the local government, headed by Abdel Cavi Makawi ^[23] .
• On October 2, strikes and demonstrations took place in Aden , Lahaj and other cities in southern Yemen at the call of the National Liberation Front of the occupied south of Yemen ^[24] .
• October 18 - Leader of the National Front for the Liberation of the Occupied South of Yemen Kahtan al-Shaabi spoke in the Fourth Committee of the United Nations and demanded the immediate withdrawal of British troops from southern Yemen ^[25] .
• November 2 - The Second Conference of the Heads of State and Government of Asia and Africa in Algeria, which was called the "Second Bandung " , was postponed indefinitely.
• November 5 - The UN General Assembly adopted resolution No. 2023 on South Yemen, recognizing the unity of Aden, Eastern and Western protectorates and demanding the withdrawal of British troops from all southern Yemeni territories ^[25] .
• November 23 - began the evacuation of the Egyptian expeditionary force from North Yemen ^[22] . On the same day, the Harad Conference on National Reconciliation opened, which did not reach a decision after a month of work ^[26] .

1966 year .

• January 13 - An agreement was signed in Taiz ( Yemen Arab Republic ) on the merger of the National Liberation Front of the Occupied South of Yemen (NFOOYU) and the Organization for the Liberation of the Occupied South of Yemen into the Liberation Front of the Occupied South of Yemen (FLOSI) led by Abdel Kawi Makawi ^[27] . The next day, the General Secretary of the NFLOUJ Kakhtan al-Shaabi declared this agreement invalid, and the actions of the signatory Ali Salami as unauthorized ^[28] .
• July 7 - The II Congress of the National Front for the Liberation of the Occupied South of Yemen opened in the city of Djibla ( Yemen, the Arab Republic ), proclaiming NFOOYU the only political organization representing the interests of the people of South Yemen ^[29] .
• August 12 - the resignation of the government of the Yemen Arab Republic led by Hassan al-Amri ^[21] .
• September 18 - the President of the Yemen Arab Republic, Marshal Abdullah al-Sallal, personally headed the government after the resignation of the cabinet of Hassan al-Amri in August, strengthening the position of radical Republicans and reducing the representation of the tribal nobility in it ^[30] .
• September 26 - An armed clash occurred between the troops of the Egyptian Expeditionary Force and local nationalists in the Yemen Arab Republic . After that, the YAR demanded "complete independence", the withdrawal of Egyptian troops and the removal of Anwar Sadat from the post of personal representative of Nasser in North Yemen ^[31] .
• October 14 - mass anti-British demonstrations in Aden at the call of the National Front for the Liberation of the Occupied South of Yemen ^[32] .
• November 29 - The III Congress of the National Front for the Liberation of the Occupied South of Yemen opened in the village of Hamr ( Yemen Arab Republic ), proclaiming the abandonment of the alliance with the Liberation Front of the Occupied South of Yemen (FLOSI) and the continuation of an independent armed struggle against the British protectorate ^[33] .
• December 12 - The National Liberation Front of the Occupied South of Yemen officially announced the withdrawal from the Front for the Liberation of the Occupied South of Yemen (FLOSI) ^[33] .
• December 14 - President of the Yemen Arab Republic Marshal Abdullah al-Sallal at a rally in Sana'a announced the creation of the ruling party - the People's Revolutionary Union ^[34] .

1967 year .

• April 2 - A special UN mission arrived in Aden to monitor the implementation of the resolution of the UN General Assembly of January 12, 1966. The mission failed because the National Front refused to negotiate and continued the armed struggle ^[35] .
• May 20 - The new High Commissioner of Great Britain Humphrey Trevelyan arrived in Aden , who had the task of preparing a peaceful evacuation of British troops from South Yemen and transferring power to the Arab liberation movement ^[35] .
• June 19 - The British Foreign Secretary announced that South Yemen would gain independence by January 9, 1968. ^[36]
• June 20 - Arab rebels in Aden killed 22 British soldiers, capturing Crater, one of Aden’s districts ^[37] .
• June 22 - In South Yemen, guerrillas of the National Front captured the Dalali district and arrested the local emir ^[38] .
• June 23 - the first meeting of US President Lyndon Johnson and Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR A.N. Kosygin on the Middle East issue took place in Glassborough (USA). The second meeting took place there on June 25 .
• June 25 - In South Yemen, guerrillas of the National Front captured the Shuyb district and arrested the local sheikh with his family ^[38] .
• July 3 - British soldiers entered Crater, captured by Arab rebels two weeks earlier, and regained control of it ^[39] .
• August 10 - The UN mission on Aden arrived in Geneva and began negotiations with a number of sultans and sheikhs in South Yemen . The national liberation front of the occupied south of Yemen and other South Yemeni organizations condemned these steps of the mission ^[37] .
• August 12 - In South Yemen, guerrillas of the National Front capture the Maflakhi region and arrest the local sheikh ^[38] .
• August 13 - In South Yemen, guerrillas of the National Front seized the Lahj and Datin areas, local rulers fled ^[38] .
• August 27 - In South Yemen, guerrillas of the National Front captured the Avadil region ^[38] .
• August 28 - in South Yemen, partisans of the National Front captured the Zinjibar and Nizhny Yaf areas ^[38] .
• August 31 - at a meeting between the President of Egypt Nasser and the King of Saudi Arabia Faisal in Khartoum , an agreement was reached on the withdrawal of the Egyptian army from North Yemen in exchange for the cessation of assistance to the Yemeni monarchists ^[40] .
• September 2 - In South Yemen, guerrillas of the National Front captured the areas of Verkhnyaya Yafa, Al-Qasiri and Al-Akrabi. The Executive Committee of the National Front said that it is the only contender for power ^[38] .
• September 9 - In South Yemen, guerrillas of the National Front captured the Lower Avalik region, killing a local governor ^[38] .
• September 14 - In South Yemen, guerrillas of the National Front captured the sultanate of Al-Mahr and arrested the sultan ^[38] .
• September 16 - in South Yemen, guerrillas of the National Front captured the Sultanate of Al Quaiti , the Sultan abdicated ^[38] .
• October 2 - in Hodeide , where many leaders of the Yemeni Arab Republic arrived from besieged by the monarchists of Sanaa , mass protests began ^[41] .
• October 27 - in South Yemen, guerrillas of the National Front enter the Upper Avalik Sheikh ^[38] .
• November 2 - High Commissioner of Great Britain in Aden Humphrey Trevelyan announced the postponement of independence for South Yemen to the end of November 1967 ^[42] .
• November 5 - Marshal Abdullah al-Sallal, President of the Yemeni Arab Republic, who flew out on a visit to Iraq , is overthrown. It has been announced that he has been removed from all posts and stripped of all ranks. The Republican Council came to power, headed by Abdurrahman al-Aryani ^[43] .
• November 14 - British Foreign Secretary George Brown said South Yemen would gain independence on November 30 ^[44] .
• November 22
  • In Geneva , negotiations began between the British Minister for the Colonies, Lord Shackleton, and the leader of the National Front, Kahtan al-Shaabi, to grant independence to South Yemen ^[44] .
  • UN Security Council Resolution on a Political Settlement in the Middle East ^[45] .
• November 26 - The People's Republic of South Yemen is proclaimed.
• November 29 - in South Yemen, the forces of the National Front that came to power took control of the last continental sultanate - Upper Avalik. The next day, they landed on the island of Socotra ^[38] . The last British soldier left Aden. ^[46]
• November 30 - The protectorate of South Arabia disintegrated on November 30, 1967, followed by the fall of the monarchies in the sultanates that composed it. The territory of the protectorate has entered the new independent People’s Republic of South Yemen . The first president of the People’s Republic of South Yemen was the Secretary General of the National Front, Kahtan al-Shaabi , who also headed the government. A policy statement by the Front’s General Management, proclaiming widespread social transformations, was circulated ^[47] .

• Gusterin P.V. Yemen Republic and its cities. M .: International Relations, 2006.

• The crisis in Aden (1963-1967)