The liverwort is noble , or the liverwort ordinary ( Latin: Hepática nóbilis ) - a grassy winter-green plant; species of the genus Hepatica of the family Ranunculaceae .
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 General view of the plant, Italy | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Hepatica nobilis Mill. (1768) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Biological Description
Noble liverwort - a perennial herbaceous plant, reaches a height of 5-15 cm.
The rhizome is dark brown, bearing at the apex oblong-ovate, brownish scales.
The stalks are in the form of arrows located in the axils of last year's leaves or scales, erect, often somewhat curved, pubescent with thin, adjacent or mostly upright protruding hairs, mostly reddish or brown.
Leaves - basal, numerous, leathery, overwintering, located on long petioles , kidney-shaped or wide-triangular in outline, heart-shaped at the base, triple-notched to the middle, with broad-ovate, blunt or pointed lobes, dark green on the upper side, purple in color from the bottom , in a young state, dressed, like petioles, with thick, soft, silky hairs, bulging on petioles, later losing their pubescence, begin to develop in spring only after flowering of the plant.
Leaflets of the wrapper, including three, up to 1 cm long, sessile, ovoid, blunt or blunt, whole-edge, scattered or rather densely pressed-hairy, pushed almost close to the base of the flower and similar to sepals . The flowers are solitary, upright, up to 2 cm in diameter. The perianth consists of 6-7 leaves, narrow-ovate, rounded at the end, bluish-purple (the outside is more pale colored), less often white or pink, on both sides bare, falling. Stamens with white or pinkish stamens and almost white anthers with a reddish binder. Stigmas capitate. Flowering - April - May. Flower formula : [2] .
The fruit is multi- root, the nuts are oblong, hairy, the convex receptacle is thickened.
The view is described from Western Europe .
From left to right: general view, leaves, flower, fruit | ||||||||||
Distribution
Northern Europe : Denmark , Finland , Norway , Sweden ; Central Europe : Austria , Czechoslovakia , Germany , Poland , Switzerland ; Southern Europe : Albania , Bulgaria , Yugoslavia , Italy , Romania , France (including Corsica ), Spain ; territory of the former USSR : Belarus , European part of Russia , Ukraine , Primorye ; Asia : China , Japan ( Honshu ), Korea [3]
It grows in deciduous forests , shrubs , rarely open meadow places.
Meaning and Usage
Previously, the plant was considered medicinal , was used as an astringent .
It was also used as a surrogate for tea .
It is bred in gardens as an ornamental plant .
In Culture
See: The liverwort .
Notes
- ↑ For the conventionality of specifying the class of dicotyledons as a superior taxon for the plant group described in this article, see the APG Systems section of the Dicotyledonous article .
- ↑ Ecoflora of Ukraine = Ecoflora of Ukraine (Ukrainian) / Vіdpov. Editor Ya.P. Dіduh. - Kyiv: Phytosociocenter, 2004. - T. 2. - 480 p.
- ↑ According to GRIN . See the links section.
Literature
- Karpisonova P. A. Results of the introduction of species of the genus Hepatica // Introduction and methods of culture of flower-decorative plants / Ed. Acad. N.V. Tsitsin. - M .: Science, 1977.
- Yuzepchuk S.V. Genus 527. The liverwort - Hepatica // Flora of the USSR : in 30 tons / chap. ed. V.L. Komarov . - M .; L .: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR , 1937. - T. 7 / ed. volumes B.K. Shishkin . - S. 283-284. - 792, XXVI p. - 5200 copies.
- Gubanov I.A. et al. 596. Hepatica nobilis Mill. - Liver noble // Illustrated identifier of plants of Central Russia. In 3 t . - M .: T-in scientific. ed. KMK, Institute of Technology. ISS., 2003. - T. 2. Angiosperms (dicotyledonous: dicotyledonous). - S. 211. - ISBN 9-87317-128-9 .
- Rostovtsev S.I. Pereleska // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
Links
- Liver liver - an article from the Great Soviet Encyclopedia .
- Noble Liver (English) : information on the GRIN website. (English) (Retrieved May 12, 2009)
- Noble liverwort (English) information on the Encyclopedia of Life website (EOL). (English) (Retrieved May 12, 2009)
- The liverwort in the Encyclopedia of Ornamental Garden Plants (Retrieved May 12, 2009)
- Noble Liver - Hepatica nobilis Mill. (Hepatica triloba Gilib.) (Retrieved May 12, 2009)