Languages and dialects of Spain in 1950
The Catalan dialect is a language variant of the Spanish (Castilian) language, common in areas of Spain where Catalan is used . Its origin is connected with the interaction of Castilian with the Catalan language in the territories where both of these languages coexisted simultaneously, in Catalonia , Valencia and on the Balearic Islands . This interaction was very active also because the majority of the population in these areas is bilingual, that is, it speaks both Spanish and Catalan.
The features of this dialect are for the most part features of the Catalan language, which are borrowed by Spanish speakers.
A similar phenomenon in French is fransitan .
Content
Linguistic features
Phonetics
- The final -d is often pronounced as deaf: autoridat ('autoridad'), verdat ('verdad'), amistat ('amistad'), Madrit ('Madrid').
- Velor sound pronunciation [l], especially in the implosive position.
- Use open sounds [ɛ, ɔ] for vowels e, o in stressed syllable.
- Preserving sound [ʎ] to transmit the digraph ll , that is, the absence of a phenomenon called Yeism.
- In areas where the sound [v] is used in Catalan (for example, in Valencia, and in other areas), the distinction between “b” [b] / [β] and “v” [v] also remains in Castilian.
Morphology
- For the formation of diminutive nouns the suffixes -et , -ete and -eta are used .
- The adjectives are used to reimplement the adjectives -eza , whereas in Castilian they use the adjectives three-syllable -ez : esbelteza ('esbeltez'), ligereza ('ligerez'), agudeza ('agudez').
Syntax
- Using the sin particle as a circumstance: “-¿Traes la raqueta? “He venido sin .”
- The use of a possessive pronoun instead of a personal pronoun: Vete delante mío (Vete delante de mí), Vamos detrás suyo (Vamos detrás de él).
- The tendency to use articles with proper names, which is considered colloquial in other variants of Castilian: el Jordi , la Elena .
- The use of paraphrase for the expression of duty: he de + infinitive (= 'tengo que + infinitive ').
- Use in personal forms of impersonal designs with "haber": Habían cuatro personas.
- Differences in the use of prepositions borrowed from Catalan: Estoy aquí, a Barcelona , Pienso de ir al teatro , Considero de que debería venir tu hermano .
Vocabulary
- Such constructions as hacer tarde (from Catalan fer tard , late), hacer un café (tomar un café, drink coffee), hacer izquierda (torcer a la izquierda, turn left), sacarme la camisa (quitarme la camisa, take off shirt ), tampoco no (tampoco, “all the more” in a negative value) or plegar del trabajo (salir del trabajo, leave work).
- It is common to use the construction “ Déu n'hi do! »(Expression of consent or approval), which does not have a Castilian translation.
- In the Balearic Islands, “ pero ” is often added to express disagreement at the end of a sentence, and is pronounced with the accent on the last syllable: “ no viniste, peró ”, “ yo no he sido, peró ”.
Literature
- Lengua y Literatura 2. - Madrid, SGEL-Educación, 2006. - ISBN 84-7143-926-3 .
- VV.AA. (Belén Garí, Matilde Leder, Matilde Garí). Ciencias del Lenguaje; Alfa Nauta-Programa Educativo Temático. - Barcelonm, Nauta C., SA, 1995. - ISBN 84-89140-58-8 .
- 'Alvar, Manuel' (director). Manual de dialectología hispánica. El español de España . Ed. Ariel, 1999.
- 'Zamora Vicente, Alonso'. Dialectología española . 2ª ed. (ampliada). Ed. Gredos, 1967. 6ª reimpresión. 1996.