Shepherd - cattleman, livestock breeder, man, herding cattle .
Description
A good shepherd not only knows the time and place of grazing well, but also the rules for caring for animals, is able to provide first aid for diseases and calving, and the like [1] . The Slavs - the main character in the rites and beliefs associated with the protection, preservation of livestock, especially during the summer grazing. It is considered to be involved in the secrets of communication with the animal and plant world, an intermediary between people and the “other world”. The shepherd performs a number of ceremonial actions that ensure the welfare of the herd. In some Slavic regions, the shepherd enjoys special reverence: in the Russian North he is considered a sorcerer who has a connection with the devil and otherworldly forces; in the Carpathians, the chief shepherd ( bača ) acts as a local healer , healer , and in addition, a sorcerer who takes milk from sheep from another herd [2] .
In a number of Scandinavian countries, shepherds call herds with a special cry for cooling [3] .
Etymology
According to Fasmer’s dictionary , the Russian and Ukrainian shepherds are borrowed from the Turkish or Crimean Tatar çoban “shepherd,” which, in turn, dates back to the Persian šubān “shepherd” [4] . In the herd, the steppe horse spends his whole life, from the moment of birth to the moment he enters the saddle or into the yoke, and the Kyrgyz horse — until his death, since, after passing economic needs, the horse is again put into the herd. The herd spends the whole year in the steppe, creates its own laws and habits in lifestyle, for example, regarding mating , protection from snowstorms , wolves and more. In the Kazakh steppes, a herd of horses of 100-200 heads is usually assigned one herdsman-herder , and for 600-800 goals. 3-4 shepherds, but if you have to drive the horses far distances from the hibernation, the number of shepherds increases.
Shepherd’s shepherd’s accessories : gerlyga - a long stick with a hook at the end, for grabbing sheep by the legs, gaitan - a belt with a hanging pocket ( zaman ), tweezers for taking worms ( Jermel ) from sick sheep, a horn (for tar and blue stone, which sprinkle the wounds of sheep) and a knife .
Depending on the country, the shepherds have their own cultural and linguistic specifics and name:
- Gaucho ( capmas and pampas - Argentina , Uruguay , Southern Brazil )
- Guaso ( Chile )
- Sertanejo ( sertana region, Northwest Brazil )
- Llanero ( Llanos , Venezuela )
- Vaquero ( Mexico , Southwest USA )
- Charro ( Mexico )
- Cowboy in the USA
New Testament Allegory
I am the good shepherd: the good shepherd puts his life for the sheep. ( John 10: 11-16 ) |
Also mentioned in the parable of the lost sheep in Luke ( Luke 15: 3-7 ) and Matthew ( Matthew 18: 12-14 ).
Shepherds are the first to come to worship Christ after his birth.
See also
- Bukoli - residents of the western part of the ancient Nile delta (Bukolia); according to Herodotus - one of the Egyptian castes
- Shepherd - Turkic name of the shepherd
- Shepherd dog breeds
- Bandana - a neckerchief from dust, originally used by Spanish vaqueros, and later by American cowboys
- Gopala (literally translated from Sanskrit as “shepherd of cows”)
- Gopis - cowherd girls and lovers of Radha-Krishna
- Fluer - folk wind instrument of the shepherds
- Flute - shepherd’s wind instrument
- Bukoliki - shepherd's poetry
- Pastoral - a genre in literature, painting, music and theater, poeticizing a peaceful and simple rural life
Notes
- ↑ "Shepherd" in the dictionaries of the Russian language - Yandex. Dictionaries (inaccessible link) (inaccessible link from 06/14/2016 [1183 days])
- ↑ Plotnikova, 2004 , p. 637.
- ↑ John White, Jean Christensen, Kimmo Kornhonen. New Music of the Nordic Countries . - Pendragon Press, 2002 .-- S. 503. - 624 p. - ISBN 9781576470190 .
- ↑ Shepherd // Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language = Russisches etymologisches Wörterbuch : in 4 volumes / auth. M. Fasmer ; per. with him. and add. Corr. USSR Academy of Sciences O. N. Trubacheva , ed. and with the foreword. prof. B. A. Larina [vol. I]. - Ed. 2nd, erased - M .: Progress , 1986-1987.
Literature
- Maksimov S.V. Shepherds // Unclean, unknown, and cross power . - SPb. : Partnership R. Golike and A. Vilvorg, 1903. - S. 193—196.
- Shepherd / Plotnikova A. A. // Slavic antiquities : Ethnolinguistic dictionary: in 5 volumes / under the general. ed. N. I. Tolstoy ; Institute of Slavic Studies RAS . - M .: Int. Relations , 2004. - T. 3: K (Circle) - P (Quail). - S. 637. - ISBN 5-7133-1207-0 .
- L.V. Belovinsky . Shepherd // Illustrated encyclopedic historical and everyday dictionary of the Russian people. XVIII - beginning of XIX century / ed. N. Ereminoy . - M .: Eksmo, 2007 .-- S. 469. - 784 p.: - ill. with. - 5,000 copies. - ISBN 978-5-699-24458-4 .
Links
- Shepherd (big-fermer.ru)
- Pastoral ritual in the Murom district of Vladimir region (culture.ru)