Boshnyak, Nikolay Konstantinovich

Descended from a noble family Boshnyak . Born on September 3 (15), 1830 in the Kostroma province ^[2] . In 1842 he became a cadet of the Marine Corps, in 1847 he was a practice midshipman on the Baltic Sea , in 1849 he was promoted to midshipman , leaving the officer class. His studies began at age 18. Steadfastly coped with all the expeditionary life. In 1850 he was promoted to lieutenant of the fleet.

In 1851 he was transferred from St. Petersburg to the Amur Expedition , where he was immediately appointed head of the Nikolaev post, and in February-March 1852, the head of the Nevelskoy expedition sent his subordinate to investigate Sakhalin . Boshnyak passed on dogs and on foot the western coast of the island from the Nevelsky Strait to the Douai River, where he discovered a deposit of hard coal ^[1] ; crossing the east coast of Sakhalin, he discovered the Tym River and followed its course. Having gone to Tymi, to the east coast and back, he reached the west coast.

In April-June 1852, Boshnyak surveyed the lower reaches of the Amur River , at the end of 1852 - the Amgun River basin to its headwaters and opened the Bureinsky Range , and on the way back - the Chukchagirsky and Evoron lakes. In March 1853, having passed the entire western coast of the Tatar Strait , he opened the harbor of Haji (now Sovetskaya Gavan) , which he called the Imperial Harbor (the harbor of Emperor Nicholas I), and raised the Russian flag there. In June, he returned to Nikolaevsk on a boat. He spent the winter of 1853 in difficult conditions in the Haji Bay.

Nevelskoy wrote about this: “The results of the discoveries and researches of N. K. Boshnyak were very important. He was the first European to give detailed information about the northern coast of the Tatar Strait and discovered the infidelity of this part on the map of Krusenstern: he discovered one of the found out that there were several more harbors than to destroy the opinion that had developed up to that time, as if there was not only one harbor on the whole space of this coast from DeKastri Bay to the Korean border any bay, any convenient for anchorage, why this shore was considered dangerous and inaccessible. Finally, he resolved a very important question, namely that the inhabitants living on this shore never were dependent on China and did not recognize the Chinese authorities ".

In the spring of 1853, N. K. Boshnyak made an expedition to the village of De-Kastri on the shore of Chikhachev Bay (now the Ulchi district of the Khabarovsk Territory ).

In 1855 he was appointed to perform the duties of adjutant with the governor-general of Eastern Siberia N. N. Muravyov .

Transferred to the Baltic Fleet in 1856. From 1858 to 1860 he served on the frigate Ilya Muromets , sailed on the Baltic and Mediterranean seas.

In 1865, with the rank of captain 2nd rank, he was dismissed from service for health reasons. He went to treatment in the Italian city of Monza . For more than thirty years he was in a psychiatric hospital, where he died on December 15 (27), 1899. ^[2]

Nikolai Konstantinovich Boshnyak was awarded the Order of Saint Vladimir of IV degree, and in 1854, for the inventory of the Tatar Strait, the opening of the Imperial Harbor and wintering in it, received the Order of Saint Anna of the III degree.

At the suggestion of the Governor-General of Eastern Siberia, Count N. N. Muravyov-Amursky , he received a lifetime pension of 350 rubles a year as a reward for his special work and dedication ^[3] .

• Boshnyakovo , a village in the Sakhalin region . Port point on the coast of the Tatar Strait, 80 km north of Uglegorsk .
• In 2010, by order of the Government of the Russian Federation, a nameless bay in the Tatar Strait ( Sovetskaya Gavan , Khabarovsk Territory ) was named after N. K. Boshnyak ^{[4] [5] [6]} .
• Since October 23, 2008, the small hydrographic vessel of the Pacific Fleet GS-404 of project 872 is called “Nikolay Boshnyak”.

• Maksimov, A. N. “Russian Trails. Roman ", - Khabarovsk: KN. Publishing house, 1989. –240 pages. ISBN 5-7663-0025-5
• Boshnyak, Nikolay Konstantinovich // Russian biographical dictionary : in 25 volumes. - SPb. - M. , 1896-1918.
• Magidovich I. P. , Magidovich V. I. Essays on the history of geographical discoveries. In 5 volumes. - Third edition, revised and enlarged. - M .: The Enlightenment , 1982-1986. - 200 000 copies
• Berg L. S. “Essays on the history of Russian geographical science” L., 1929
• Alekseev A.I. “N. K. Boshnyak and the discovery of Sovetskaya Gavan ”Khabarovsk, 1955.