Neribosomal peptides

Neribosomal peptides are a class of peptide secondary metabolites that synthesize microorganisms - bacteria and fungi . Neribosomal peptides are also found in higher organisms that have commensal bacteria. There are a number of peptides that are not formed on ribosomes , but non-ribosomal peptides are called a very private group of such peptides.

Non-ribosomal peptides are synthesized by synthetases of non-ribosomal peptides, which, unlike ribosomes, do not need mRNA . Each synthetase of non-ribosomal peptides can synthesize only one type of peptides. Non-ribosomal peptides often have cyclic or branched structures and contain non-proteinogenic amino acids , including D - amino acids , which have the following modifications: N- methyl and N- formal groups, glycosylated , acylated , halogenated , or hydroxylated . The cyclization of amino acids is often accomplished by the formation of oxazolines and thiazolines in the peptide backbone. Dehydration is carried out on serine residues , while dehydro- alanine is formed . Non-ribosomal peptides are often dimers or trimers of identical sequences that are chained, cyclized, or even branched.

Neribosomal peptides are a very diverse family of natural compounds with a very wide range of biological activities and various medicinal properties. Non-ribosomal peptides are often antibiotics , cytostatics and immunosuppressants and are commercial drugs.