Mariculture (from Lat. Marinus ), or marine culture - the direction of aquaculture engaged in the cultivation or cultivation of marine hydrobionts - algae , mollusks , crustaceans , fish and echinoderms in the seas, estuaries , estuaries or in artificial conditions.
Content
- 1 Production
- 2 Breeding young fish
- 3 New directions
- 3.1 Intensive mariculture
- 3.2 Sanitary mariculture
- 4 Problems
- 5 Science
- 6 Sources
Production
Breeding of marine organisms is organized mainly in the marginal seas . Currently, various species of fish and shellfish are raised in the coastal zone of China , Japan , Korea , the Philippines , Indonesia and other countries: flounder, yellowtail , sea pike perch, oysters, mussels, scallops, etc. Algae plantations are also created - porphyry, sea kale and others.
Breeding young fish
In addition to the actual production, a person is engaged in the reproduction of fish stock. Specialized hatcheries grow juvenile salmon, sturgeon and other fish.
Artificial spawning grounds are created in coastal areas for herring, saury, tuna and invertebrates.
New directions
The development of science and technology was the reason for the emergence of new areas of mariculture. Firstly, it became possible to intensify the cultivation of aquatic organisms, and secondly, the problem of cleaning the aquatic environment from anthropogenic pollution has become extremely urgent.
Intensive Mariculture
Intensive mariculture is an active artificial effect on one or all stages of the life cycle of a cultivated object.
Sanitary mariculture
Sanitary mariculture - the cultivation of aquatic organisms for the biological treatment of coastal waters.
For this, the ability of natural marine ecosystems to change the characteristics of the water mass is applied due to the ability of part of their organisms to accumulate, bind, and process substances withdrawn from their environment.
So, for example, 1 m² of a mussel can filters from 50 to 90 m³ of water per day, reducing the number of pathogenic bacteria by 2 times for 1 run of liquid.
Problems
The current state of the oceans is characterized by high pollution of the aquatic environment , especially off the coast, pesticides, radioactive waste, heavy metals, industrial and domestic wastewater. This impedes the progress of mariculture.
Science
- The leading mariculture institute in Russia is the All-Russian Research Institute of Fisheries and Oceanography .
Sources
- Yandex-dictionaries "Marikultura" (unavailable link) (unavailable link from 06/14/2016 [1212 days])
- http://www.sakhalin.ru/boomerang/sea/fakt18.htm (unavailable link)