Maximilian I ( German: Maximilian I. Kurfürst von Bayern ; , - , ) - Duke of Bavaria with 1597 , Elector of the Palatinate in 1623 - 1648 , Elector of Bavaria since 1648 .
| Maximilian I | |||||||
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| Maximilian I. Kurfürst von Bayern | |||||||
 Maximilian I, Elector of Bavaria | |||||||
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| Predecessor | Wilhelm V | ||||||
| Successor | converted to electoral | ||||||
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| Predecessor | Frederick V | ||||||
| Successor | Charles I Ludwig | ||||||
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| Predecessor | converted from the duchy | ||||||
| Successor | Ferdinand Maria | ||||||
| Birth | April 17, 1573 Munich | ||||||
| Death | September 27, 1651 (78 years old) Ingolstadt | ||||||
| Burial place | |||||||
| Kind | Wittelsbach | ||||||
| Father | Wilhelm V | ||||||
| Mother | |||||||
| Spouse | and | ||||||
| Children | and | ||||||
| Religion | |||||||
Content
Biography
Son of Duke William V. Raised by the Jesuits, he was imbued with a deep hatred of Protestantism. In 1597, his father handed over the rule to him, and Maximilian I tried to put things in order in rather shaky affairs. Reforms were undertaken in command, court, and army; special attention is paid to finance; significantly strengthened the power of the prince to the detriment of zemstvo ranks [7] .
In 1607, Maximilian I annexed the city of Donauvert to his possessions and immediately introduced Catholicism there. When this prompted the hesitant Protestants to rally together (1608), Maximilian I formed the Catholic League against them (1609) and became its head [7] .
Despite the hostile attitude towards the Habsburgs , he concluded the Munich Treaty , took the side of Ferdinand II in 1619, and bailed Upper Austria under the leadership of Tilly ; the latter defeated the head of Frederick V Pfalzsky and the Czechs at the White Mountain near Prague (1620) and conquered the Pfalz . In reward for this, Maximilian I received in 1623 from the emperor Upper Palatinate and the dignity of the Palatinate Elector [7] .
When the emperor tried to subjugate all the imperial troops to himself and his commander Wallenstein during the further course of the war, Maximilian I tried to destroy these plans and contributed to the fall of Wallenstein at the meeting of the electors in 1630. When in 1632 Gustavus Adolphus occupied Bavaria, Maximilian I was temporarily expelled from there [7] .
In the years 1637-1638 he fought on the Upper Rhine with the Swedes and the French, from whom the country suffered a lot. Desiring to rid Bavaria of the scourge of war, he, separately from the Allies, concluded an armistice with the French and Swedes in Ulm in 1647. According to the Peace of Westphalia in 1648 he received the upper Palatinate, the county of Kam and the approval of the Elector's dignity [7] .
The “Anleitung zur Regierungskunst”, compiled by Maximilian I for his son and heir Ferdinand-Maria and published by Aretin (Bamb., 1822) in Latin and German [7] is remarkable.
Genealogy
Notes
- ↑ https://www.traunsteiner-tagblatt.de/das-traunsteiner-tagblatt/chiemgau-blaetter/chiemgau-blaetter-2019_ausgabe,-die-herzgrablege-der-wittelsbacher-_chid,603.html
- ↑ http://genealogy.euweb.cz/lorraine/lorraine4.html
- ↑ German National Library , Berlin State Library , Bavarian State Library , etc. Record # 118579355 // General regulatory control (GND) - 2012—2016.
- ↑ Encyclopædia Britannica
- ↑ The Peerage - 717826 copies.
- ↑ Benezit Dictionary of Artists - 2006. - ISBN 978-0-19-977378-7 , 978-0-19-989991-3
- ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 Maximilian I, Duke of Bavaria // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
Literature
- Maximilian I, Duke of Bavaria // Encyclopedic Dictionary of Brockhaus and Efron : 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.
- Wolf, "Geschichte M.'s I und seiner Zeit" (continued by Breuer, Munich., 1807-11);
- Arethin, “Geschichte M's” (vol. 1, Passau, 1842);
- Schreiber, M. I "(Munich, 1868);
- Steve, "Das kirchliche Polizeiregiment unter M. I" (ibid., 1876); * Steve, "Der Ursprung des dreissigjährigen Krieges" (1 book, ibid., 1875);
- Steve, “Kurfürst M.” (ibid., 1882); Die Politik Bayerns 1591-1607 (ibid., 1878-83, v. 4 and 5); "Briefe und Akten zur Geschichte des dreissigjährigen Krieges."