The transliteration of the Bulgarian alphabet into Latin is carried out using several systems, the most important of which are given in the following table: the official English - American system BGN / PCGN transliteration of Bulgarian geographic names (1952, irrelevant); Library of Congress system, Bulgarian standard 1956, UN system 1977 (Andreichin system, irrelevant), Bulgarian standards BDS 1596: 1973 and BDS ISO 9: 2001, Danchev system (Danchev-Holman-Dimova-Savova) 1989 and Streamlined system 1995 of the year (official for Bulgaria, UN, USA and UK).
| Bulgarian alphabet | BGN / PCGN (until 2013) | ALA-LC | Standard 1956 | BDS 1596: 1973 | UN 1977 (Andreichina) (until 2012) | BDS ISO 9: 2001 | Danchev system | Streamlined system 1995; UN 2012; BGN / PCGN 2013 | Internet communication |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| but | a | a | a | a | a | a | a | a | a |
| b | b | b | b | b | b | b | b | b | b |
| at | v | v | v | v | v | v | v | v | v |
| g | g | g | g | g | g | g | g | g | g |
| d | d | d | d | d | d | d | d | d | d |
| e | e | e | e | e | e | e | e | e | e |
| well | zh | zh | zh (ž) | zh (ž) | ž | zh (ž) | zh | zh | j |
| s | z | z | z | z | z | z | z | z | z |
| and | i | i | i | i | i | i | i | i | i |
| th | y | ĭ | j | j | j | j | y, i | y | y, j, i |
| to | k | k | k | k | k | k | k | k | k |
| l | l | l | l | l | l | l | l | l | l |
| m | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | m | m |
| n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n | n |
| about | o | o | o | o | o | o | o | o | o |
| P | p | p | p | p | p | p | p | p | p |
| R | r | r | r | r | r | r | r | r | r |
| with | s | s | s | s | s | s | s | s | s |
| t | t | t | t | t | t | t | t | t | t |
| at | u | u | u | u | u | u | ou | u | u |
| f | f | f | f | f | f | f | f | f | f |
| x | kh | kh | h | h | h | x (h) | h | h | h |
| c | ts, t • s | t͡s | c | c | c | c | ts | ts | c |
| h | ch | ch | ch (č) | ch (č) | č | ch (č) | ch | ch | four |
| sh | sh | sh | sh (š) | sh (š) | š | sh (š) | sh | sh | 6 |
| u | sht | sht | sht (ŝ) | št | št | sth (ŝ) | sht | sht | 6t |
| ъ | ŭ | ŭ | â | a (ǎ) | ă | a` (") | u | a | w |
| s | ' | j | j | `(') | j | y | y | y | i, y |
| Yu | yu | i͡u | ju | ju | ju | yu (û) | yu | yu | iu, yu |
| I | ya | i͡a | ja | ja | ja | ya (â) | ya | ya | q |
| ѣ | e, ya | i͡e | ě | ||||||
| ѫ | ŭ | u̐ | ǎ |
Notes : In parentheses are given options for systems using accents . The last two letters of the Bulgarian alphabet were used until 1945.
The streamlined transliteration system was introduced in 1995, later gained popularity in mass practice and was officially approved by the Bulgarian government for use in personal documents (in 2000), on road signs, in official information systems, databases, on local authorities etc. (in 2006), and in 2009 became part of the Bulgarian legislation, having served as the basis for the newly adopted Law on transliteration . The system was adopted by the UN in 2012, [1] [2] as well as by BGN and PCGN in 2013 for official US and British use. [3]
Content
Transliteration Example
The differences in the transliteration of the letters “h”, “g”, “me” and “b” are underlined.
| Bulgarian | UN 1977 | Streamlined system | Russian |
|---|---|---|---|
| All choruses of the choir of dates of freedom and equality of dignity and rights. T he samarie with the mind and with the West and the West and here and there I will put the spirit in the spirit of fraternity. | Vsi č ki hora se ra ž dat svobodni i ravni po dosto j nstvo i prava. Te sa nadareni s razum ǎ vest i sledva da se otnas ja t pome ž du si v duh na bratstvo. | Vsi ch ki hora se ra zh dat svobodni i ravni po dosto y nstvo i prava. Te sa nadareni s razum is a vest i sledva da se otnas ya t pome zh du si v duh na bratstvo. | All people are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and must act towards each other in a spirit of brotherhood. |
See also
- Cyrillic
- Latin
- The streamlined system of the Romanization of the Bulgarian language
- Romanization
- Transliteration
- Transliteration of the Russian alphabet in Latin
Notes
- ↑ Bulgarian. United Nations Romanization Systems for Geographical Names. Compiled by UNGEGN Working Group on Romanization Systems. Version 4.0, February 2013.
- ↑ Romanization System In Bulgaria. United States Conference on the Geographical Names. New York, 2012.
- ↑ Romanization System for Bulgarian: BGN / PCGN 2013 System. National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency, September 2014.
Links
- Thomas T. Pedersen, Transliteration of Non-Roman Scripts . Transliteration systems BGN / PCGN, UN 1977 (BDS 1596: 1973), ALA-LC, ISO 9 (BDS ISO 9: 2001).
- LL Ivanov, Toponymic Guidelines for Antarctica , Antarctic Place-names Commission of Bulgaria, Sofia, 1995. (Streamlined system)
- LL Ivanov, On the Romanization of Bulgarian and English , Contrastive Linguistics, XXVIII, 2003, 2, pp. 109-118. ISSN: 0204-8701; Errata, id. XXIX, 2004, 1, p. 157.
- L. Ivanov, D. Skordev and D. Dobrev. The New National Standard for the Romanization of Bulgarian. Mathematica Balkanica . New Series Vol. 24, 2010, Fasc. 1-2. pp.121-130. ISSN 0205-3217
- A. Danchev, M. Holman, E. Dimova, M. Savova, An English Dictionary of Bulgarian Names: Spelling and Pronunciation, Nauka i Izkustvo Publishers, 1989, 288 pp.
- USBGN Romanization Systems and Roman-Script Spelling Conventions , 1994, pp.15-16.