Sherman, Cindy

Cindy Sherman was born on January 19, 1954 in Glen Ridge, New Jersey, in the family of engineer Charles Sherman and a teacher. She became the fifth and last child in the family, however, the two older children lived separately by the time of her birth. Cindy's father had a heavy character and, according to the artist, the mother was forced to intercede for her children. One of the artist’s brothers, Frank, could not find himself in life, was forced to return to live with his parents and committed suicide at 27.

Throughout her childhood, Cindy was very fond of dressing in old clothes, including those from her grandmother. She did this not with someone, but playing with herself. The images of the princesses did not interest her, she usually came up with the roles of old women, witches and monsters. In addition, Cindy from childhood a lot and well drew, and also watched movies on TV. On one of the TV channels, the broadcasting grid was arranged so that the same film was repeated five nights in a row, and every day the girl returned to this film story.

The family did not have money to study at a private college, and so Cindy entered the University College in Buffalo in 1972 at the Faculty of Fine Arts. There she met an older student, Robert Longo (today Robert Longo is also a renowned artist), who drew her attention to modernist and contemporary art. Cindy lived with Robert Longo until 1979, after which they broke up, but remained friends.

• 1964-1975 A Cindy Book
• 1975 Untitled AE
• 1976-2005 Bus Riders
• 1976-2000 Murder Mystery
• In 1977, at the age of twenty-three, Cindy Sherman began her famous Untitled Film Stills series. Photos looked like frames from films, Cindy Sherman was shooting herself, transforming into different images. Although all the characters were fictional, the viewers had the feeling that they had seen these shots somewhere. This effect arose because Sherman used stereotypes of mass culture. The series was completed in 1980, Sherman stopped, as she explained when she ran out of cliches. Other artists before Sherman also used popular culture, but its strategy was new. In December 1995, the Museum of Modern Art in New York acquired all sixty-nine black-and-white photographs of Cindy Sherman from the Untitled Film Stills series.
• 1980 Series Rear Screen Projections . Cindy Sherman switched from black and white to color photography and began to work with large formats.
• 1981 Centerfolds / Horizontals
• 1985 Fairy Tales
• 1986-1989 Disasters
• Another well-known series, History Portraits , was created in 1988-1990. Using overhead parts of the body, Sherman depicts himself as a model from the works of old masters. Some of the works in the series refer to real paintings, but most of them look like works hardly remembered by the visitor after a short visit to the museum. Although she lived in Rome during this period of time, Sherman did not visit museums, preferring to work with reproductions from art albums.
• 1991 Civil War
• 1992— Release of a series of pictures of “ Sex Pictures”. To create this series, Sherman arranged compositions with the help of items bought in sex shop, as well as erotic lingerie and surgical accessories ^[7] .
• 1994-1996 Horror and Surrealist Pictures
• 2000-2002 Hollywood / Hampton Types
• 2003-2004 Clowns
• One of the latest series by Cindy Sherman, created in 2008, is dedicated to gender, beauty, experience and aging. Each of the heroines of the series bears imprints of ideas about glamor and social hierarchy, image and status.

In 2012, a large retrospective of Cindy Sherman was held at the main museum of modern art - in MoMA . At the exhibition (which is still available online ^[8] ) you could see the entire Untitled Film Stills series (70 black-and-white shots ^[9] ), the early Untitled AE miniseries , selected works from later series, and also specially shot for the exhibition Carte Blanche: Cindy Sherman documentary ^[10] . The exhibition was visited by 605,586 people (and another 183,788 in San Francisco), so it became the second most visited exhibition of the year in New York (in the first place is a retrospective of Willem de Kooning ), the eighteenth in the world, and also the first in the world by the number of viewers by the exhibition of photography ^[4] The exhibition was later displayed at SFMOMA , the Walker Center for the Arts, and the Dallas Museum of Art ^[11] .

In 1997, Cindy Sherman acted as the director and screenwriter of her only full-length film - the comedy horror “ Office Killer ”. The film was not successful either at the critics or at the box office.

Since 2007, some of the artist’s photographic works began to be sold at Christie's, Sotheby's, and Philips auctions for amounts in excess of $ 1 million. For single photos, the price of a hammer can go up to $ 3.89 million ( Untitled # 96 from 1981 ; price fixed in May 2011) or $ 3.86 million ( untitled # 93 from 1981; price fixed in May 2014).

• National Endowment for the Arts, 1977
• John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Fellowship, 1983
• Skowhegan Medal for Photography, Maine, 1989
• Larry Aldrich Foundation Award, Connecticut, 1993
• John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, 1995
• Wolfgang-Hahn-Preis (Gesellschaft fur Moderne Kunst am Museum Ludwig), 1997
• Goslar Kaierring Prize, 1999
• Hasselblad Award , 2000

Sherman is dedicated to the short film of the French film director Bertrand Bonello Cindy: The doll is mine ( 2005 ), Asia Argento starred in the role of the artist and her double.

• Krauss RE Cindy Sherman, 1975-1993. New York: Rizzoli, 1993
• Morris C. The essential Cindy Sherman. New York; London: Harry N. Abrams, 1999
• Inverted Odysseys: Claude Cahun, Maya Deren, Cindy Sherman / Shelley Rice, ed. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1999
• Durand R. Cindy Sherman. Paris: Flammarion, 2006
• Petrovskaya E. Antiphotography. M .: Three squares, 2003
• Krauss R. Bachelors. M .: Progress-Tradition, 2004
• Tomkins K. Biographies of artists. - Moscow: VAC press , 2013 .-- 272 p. - 1,500 copies - ISBN 978-5-9904389-2-7 .

• Cindy Sherman Website
• Works and information about Cindy Sherman on ArtNet
• Information on Cindy Sherman at the Gagosian Gallery
• Independent article “Cindy Sherman, Sprüth Magers, London”, 2009
• Telegraph article “Cindy Sherman: Sprüth Magers Gallery - review”, 2009
• Guardian article “Now here's a real poser for you”, 2009