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Content
Architecture of Ulan-Ude
The Udi jail was built, according to various sources, in 1677, 1678 or 1680. By 1716, from the west, a new wall was attached to the five-tower jail. On the new square there are buildings with dense quarterly buildings. With the erection of the walls around the settlement, Udinsk turned into a fortress of the most common type in Siberia - the “double prison ”.
XVIII century
In 1741, the construction of the Odigitrievsky Cathedral began - the first stone building in the city. From the cathedral to Nagornaya Square , Big Street is being laid. Later it became known as Bolshaya Nikolayevskaya (now Lenin Street ). Odigitrievsky Cathedral became the high-rise dominant of the city. His position was taken as the starting point in the distribution of the grid of streets in town-planning plans of the XVIII-XIX centuries.
According to the testimony of P.S. Pallas, in the 1770s, the guarded fortress was still standing on a mountain, but all its inhabitants moved to the settlement .
The construction of the wooden cemetery church of the Trinity began in 1770 [1] . In 1786, the construction of a stone church, which ended in 1800, began a little north of the dilapidated wooden Savior Church building. The church was located on the corner of Kalinin (formerly Spasskaya) and Cathedral Street [2] . Churches form free spaces that play the role of architectural and compositional nodes. At the beginning of the XVIII century wooden churches were built in the style of tent , cubic churches of the Russian North. In the second half of the 18th century, the Siberian baroque style was formed.
C 1780 in the city are fair trades. Since 1786, they are held twice a year (later Verkhneudinsk Fair ). Verkhneudinsk gradually turns into the main transshipment-warehouse and commodity distribution center, becoming a major trading center in Western Transbaikalia [3] . Later, the streets of the city are called the names of large merchants living on them: Losevskaya, Goldobinskaya, Kurbatovskaya, Mordovskaya and others. Fair trade takes place on Bazarnaya Square (now the Revolution Square of 1905 ).
In 1792, Verkhneudinsk was divided into two parts: the urban and suburban. There is a prison in the town part, in the suburb there are five food shops, office, barracks, wine cellar, drinking houses, shops, alms-house, four administrative buildings, 110 philistine houses, two wooden and one stone churches. The city developed along the Uda River . The main street was Cathedral.
In the last third of the XVIII century, in Russian cities, measures were taken to streamline the building, according to the decree of Catherine II dated July 25, 1763, "On making all cities, their structure and streets special plans for each particular province." The city development plan of 1765 was not adopted. According to the plan for the regular construction of the city, adopted in 1780, the terrain in the upland part was chosen as a promising direction. The temples with their squares were taken as central buildings and architectural dominants that completed the perspective of the streets.
By the 1790s, there were 110 houses in the city and 4,710 people lived [4] . In the historical part of the blocks of regular geometric shape, the streets are straight and level, oriented parallel to the banks of Uda and Selenga .
XIX century
The first stone residential buildings appeared in the city at the beginning of the XIX century.
In 1810, the album “Assemblies of the Highest Approved Facades” was published (Exemplary Projects). The mayor was ordered to have a copy of the album. Particular attention was paid to the appearance of the city center and main streets. For the construction and reconstruction of buildings in the first half of the 19th century, police permission and the approval of the Irkutsk Construction Commission were required. In 1853, a Senate decree gave the mayor’s authority to authorize the construction of philistine houses with up to five windows inclusive.
In 1816, a new building project for Verkhneudinsk was adopted, designed by Irkutsk provincial architect J. Kruglikov, and determining the layout, which has been preserved in the historical part of the city to the present. The project provided for the perimeter building of blocks, with a continuous front of decorative decorated facades along the main line of streets.
The city was divided into three parts: the actual city part, the Zaudinsky suburb (Zaudinsky settlement) and the suburbs on the left bank of the Selenga - Village , which arose at the very beginning of the XIX century. In 1810 in the urban part there were 12 streets: Bolshaya Naberezhnaya (Smolin Street), Traktovaya (Lenin Street), North-South (Kommunisticheskaya Street), Spasskaya (Kalinina Street), Embankment on Ude (Embankment Street), Cathedral, Meshchanskaya (st. Banzarov), Soldatskaya (st. Sverdlov), Troitskaya (st. Kuibyshev), Gostinaya (st. Kirov), Yamskaya (st. Kalandarishvili), Lugovaya (Sovetskaya st.). In the Zaudinsky suburb there were six streets: Perevoznaya (Bolshaya - Tsentralnaya - Babushkina Street), Embankment (Mostovaya Street), Voznesenskaya (Production Street), Medium (Meshchanskaya - Grazhdanskaya Street), Kamennaya (Podkamenskaya Street), Kosogornaya ( Stanichnaya - Krasnogvardeyskaya ul.).
According to the data for 1828, 35 burghers and shop floors lived in the village. In the 1830s, Zakaltusnaya (Profsoyuznaya st.) And Mokroslobodskaya (Baltakhinova st.) Streets appeared in the urban part. By 1833, there were already nine streets in the Zaudinsky suburb.
According to the plan of 1839, the total area of the territories within the city limits was determined to be almost 12 thousand acres. This area of the city remained until the end of the XIX century.
According to the project of 1846, the architect Sutormina was supposed to develop the upland and northern parts of the city, adjacent to the Irkutsk highway and the Selenga river. From 1833 to 1867 the number of buildings in the city increased from 451 to 617.
The urban situation of June 16, 1870 granted the city government the right to approve plans and facades of private buildings, issue permits for restructuring and monitor the proper use of buildings.
The function of the main square was performed by the southern part of the Piazza Square . During public holidays (coronation, celebration of the 900th anniversary of the baptism of Russia , etc.), buildings in the square were decorated with banners, lanterns, and banners.
From 1810 to 1895, the population of the city grew from 3 to 5.5 thousand people. The number of residential buildings increased from 402 to 763, of which 55 were stone.
Manors
In the XIX century the city was built up with estates with a large number of outbuildings. In the urban part, the main houses of the estates were, for the most part, two-storeyed, with facades facing the street. The ground floor housed shops, shops, offices. In the courtyard there could be: a garden, a stable, a bathhouse, sheds, barns, cellars, cellars, pubs and other buildings. In Zaudinskaya settlement, the homesteads of burghers and Cossacks were more modest.
In the second half of the XIX century, after the fire of 1878, stone houses were built instead of wooden manors in the central part of the city. Partially saved outbuildings and some outbuildings.
Cathedral Square
The fire on June 10, 1878 destroyed about 70-75% of the buildings of the city [5] .
Odigitrievsky Cathedral was closely built up with wooden residential buildings and suffered in the fire. After the fire, it was decided to create a large area around the cathedral. From the south, the new square was limited to the Naberezhnaya street manors, from the west - Bolshaya street, from the east to house No. 1 on Sobornaya street and the manor of the 2nd guild Alexander Egorovich Mordovsky (20 Banzarov st.). In the north-eastern corner of the square, the estate of Alexander Petrovich Kulakov, a merchant of the 1st guild, was located (11, Banzarov Street) (not preserved). On the northern border of the square was the estate of the merchant of the 2nd guild Vasily Mashanov (Lenin str., 15).
Festive prayers and events were held at the Cathedral Square: in honor of the 300th anniversary of the accession of Siberia, coronations and others.
Property Taxation
The land plots were given by the city authorities for rent to residents for various periods of time: for 10, 12, 20 years, for 40 years with the right to extend for another 20 years, for 99 years, and also for a period which “city council will find convenient for itself”. Land plots were rented at auction. Tenants could build on them residential buildings and other buildings, adhering to the rules of the construction regulations and the current mandatory decrees of the City Council, issued on September 12, 1879. Land plots were also sold at auction for eternal and hereditary possession.
In 1876, the head tax was replaced by real estate tax of all owners. In the city treasury was going to charge, equal to 1% of the value of the property.
XX century
On January 3, 1900, regular rail service began along the Trans-Baikal Railway . The city begins to develop new spaces. One of the blocks adjacent to Bolshaya Nikolayevskaya Street (now Lenin Street) was left unbuilt. Thus arose the vast Highland Square .
At the beginning of the 20th century, S.I. Rosenstein built a modern - style stone house on Nagornaya Square. Samuel I. Rozenshtein's house became the first three-storey building in Verkhneudinsk.
In 1906, a wooden archway-type 9-span bridge was built across the Udu . The project of the bridge was free developed by the engineer Yu. N. Eberhardt.
In 1908, the construction of wooden houses was forbidden on Bolshaya Nikolayevskaya Street.
By 1913 the population of the city grew to 17 thousand people, the number of residential buildings increased to 2742, including 141 stone. The banks of the rivers are built, electric lighting appears. By 1917, the population of Verkhneudinsk grew to 20 thousand people. There was a village of railway workers near the station, the villages of Lower Berezovka and Upper Berezovka.
The facades of houses are decorated with large window openings, covered verandas , balconies and open staircases are widely distributed. The facades and trim windows are richly decorated with carvings .
Soviet period
On May 30, 1923, the Buryat-Mongolian ASSR was formed and Verkhneudinsk became the capital of the republic.
By 1924, in 10 years (since 1914), the population of the city has approximately doubled due to refugees. New residents of the city spontaneously settled in "buildings of the hut type" along the railway and on Battery Hill [6] . In the city comes the housing crisis, operates the Emergency Housing Commission (CHZK). September 10, 1925 CHZHK was disbanded [7] .
On September 4, 1923, by an obligatory decree number 2, the Pribaikalsky Provincial Executive Committee obliged homeowners to arrange wooden sidewalks along the following streets in the same way: Bolshaya, Losevskaya, Dumskaya, Bazarnaya, Proezzhaya, Mokroslobodskaya, Troitskaya, Bolshaya Naberezhnaya [8] . On May 6, 1924, by a mandatory decree number 33, the City Executive Committee obliged the owners and tenants of houses along the streets of Leninskaya, Junior Kommunar, Mongolian, Municipal and Militia to plant trees near their houses [9] .
On November 7, 1926, the Monument to the fallen fighters for communism was opened on Nagornaya Square (Square of Soviets). For a long time he was the only monument in the city.
In the late 1920s - early 1930s, the boundaries of the city expanded considerably along the northeastern and southern periphery. Building behind the railway line became noticeable (about 30 new quarters appeared). The center of public events remained the Revolution Square.
In the 1930s, large-scale industrial construction began in the city. The number of inhabitants increases significantly. The size of living space in Verkhneudinsk in 1923 was 6.93 m² per person, and in 1939 housing supply decreased to 4.77 m² per person, which was below the sanitary standard, which was 8 m². Almost all houses required major repairs, with an average of up to 75% wear [10] .
Nagornaya Square is built up with administrative buildings (House of Soviets, 1931, the project of architect A. A. Olya ) and becomes the second public center of the city.
In 1934, Verkhneudinsk was renamed to Ulan-Ude.
In 1934 and 1936, “General projects of planning and development of Ulan-Ude” were adopted. The 1934 project was developed by the Giprogor design institute. In the mid-1930s, capital housing construction was interrupted, interrupted by the Great Patriotic War. From 1923 to 1941 the housing stock increased from 121.3 thousand square meters to 382.4 thousand square meters. The city is built up fragmentary, large and small villages. Attempts are being made to create residential complexes. For example, during the construction of the “social camp” of the PVRZ , its own community center was created, the building was carried out taking into account the conditions of the relief and the natural environment. In 1934–1938, the Palace of Culture of the PVRZ was built according to the design of architects P. T. Fabrisov and N. A. Shmatko. The social camps were built around the mech-glass factory and meat factory.
In 1936 a bridge was built over the Selenga.
In 1949, there was another “General Project of the Planning and Development of Ulan-Ude”.
In 1952, the building of the Opera and Ballet Theater was completed on the Soviets Square . The author of the project is the architect of the architectural design workshops of the Moscow City Council, A. N. Fedorov. In the second half of the 1960s, buildings of the Council of Ministers (architects R. A. Vampilov and A. Ya. Galyautdinov), the Buryat Construction Board, and the new building of the House of Soviets were built on the square. On November 2, 1971, the Monument to VI Lenin was opened. This completed the formation of the ensemble of the main square of the city.
In 1955, the construction of a reinforced concrete bridge across the Udu River was initiated by the project of N. Ya. Yartsev and Sh. A. Kleiman [11] .
In the 1950s, multi-storey buildings were built along Victory Avenue. The Trinity Church was closed with new buildings and the city lost one of its expressive silhouettes.
In the 1960s, mass large-panel housing construction began.
In 1984, with the participation of the Irkutsk Polytechnic Institute, a draft of protected zones and zones of regulation of the development of historical and cultural monuments of the city of Ulan-Ude was developed.
In 1986, the General Plan of the city of Ulan-Ude, developed by the Lengiprogor Institute [12], was approved by a resolution of the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR.
Administrative division
- Sovetsky District - formed under the name of the City District by the Decree of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of March 25, 1938; renamed Sovetsky District by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR of June 20, 1957.
- Zheleznodorozhny district - formed by a decree of the Presidium of the Central Executive Committee of March 25, 1938.
- Zavodskoy district - formed by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR of February 3, 1945 due to the downsizing of the City and Zheleznodorozhny districts; it was liquidated by the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR of August 30, 1948, with the inclusion of its territory in the Zheleznodorozhny district.
- Oktyabrsky District - formed by the Resolution of the All-Russian Central Executive Committee of March 25, 1938 under the name Prigorodny District; renamed the Oktyabrsky District by Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR of June 20, 1957.
Post-Soviet period
Since 1990, the city of Ulan-Ude is included in the list of historical cities of Russia. In Ulan-Ude, 52 monuments of history, 177 monuments of architecture and urban planning, three monuments of monumental art, one monument of archeology are under state protection.
By the order of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Regional Development of the Russian Federation of July 29, 2010 No. 418/339 “On Approving the List of Historical Settlements”, the city of Ulan-Ude was not included in the list of historical settlements [13] .
XXI century
Streets of the historical part of the city
From south to north
| Old name | Modern name |
|---|---|
| Embankment Uda | Embankment |
| Cathedral, Pochtamtskaya, Pervomayskaya (from June 13, 1924 [14] to 1984), Linhovoin (from 1984 to December 2016) | Cathedral |
| Meshchanskaya, Mordovskaya, Buryat (from June 13, 1924) | them D. Banzarov (since 1947 [15] ) |
| Soldier, Sennaya, Gogol | them. Y.M. Sverdlov |
| Troitskaya, Militia | them. V.V. Kuibyshev |
| Living room, Market, Communal | them. CM. Kirov |
| Yamskaya, Driving, Tsentrosoyuznaya (since 1923 [16] ) | them. N. A. Kalandarishvili (from April 1940 [17] ) |
| Meadow, Dumskaya | Soviet (from June 13, 1924) |
| Zakaltusnaya | Profsoyuznaya (since June 13, 1924) |
| Shelter, them. E. V. Lebedeva (from June 13, 1924) | them. N.A. Nekrasova |
| Chita | them. M.N. Erbanova |
| Vozdvizhenskaya | does not exist |
| Novo-Spasskaya, Rabochaya (since June 13, 1924) | them. Sukhe Bator |
| Forest, Goldobinsky, Labor (from June 13, 1924) | does not exist |
| Kyakhtinskaya | does not exist |
| Baikal | does not exist (went to the modern street. Dobrolyubova [18] ) |
| Barguzinskaya | st. them. Engels (since July 29, 1937 [19] ) |
| Novo-Passing, Eastern, them. Trotsky (from June 13, 1924) Eastern (from April 26, 1929) [20] | them. M.V. Frunze |
From west to east
| Old name | Modern name |
|---|---|
| - | st. Freedom (from February 4, 1926 [21] ) |
| Small Quay | them. O. I. Schmidt (from June 11, 1934) [22] |
| Bolshaya Embankment, Romanovskaya | them. A. P. Smolin (since 1924 [23] ) |
| Traktovaya, Bolshaya, Bolshaya-Nikolaevskaya | them. V.I. Lenin |
| North-South, Losevskaya, Junior Kommunar, them. I. V. Stalin (since July 29, 1937 [19] ) | Communist (since 1961) |
| Spasskaya | them. M.I. Kalinina (since June 13, 1924) |
| Mokroslobodskaya, Mongolian (since June 13, 1924) | them. P. S. Baltakhinova (from April 1940 [17] ) |
| - | Victory Avenue |
| Piedmont | does not exist |
| Selenginskaya, Vozdvizhenskaya | Guerrilla (since June 13, 1924) |
| Kurbatov, Fire (from June 13, 1924) | does not exist |
| Frolovskaya, Cooperative (from June 13, 1924) | does not exist |
| Irkutsk | them. C. Ranzhurova (from April 1940 [17] ) |
| Pokrovskaya, Red (from June 13, 1924) | does not exist |
| Titovskaya, Stalin (since June 13, 1924), them. V. Volodarsky (since July 29, 1937 [19] ) | does not exist |
| Railway | them. V. B. Borsoeva (since May 12, 1965) [24] |
Street Names
The streets of the city in the XVIII — XIX centuries are called the names of large merchants living on them: Losevskaya, Goldobinskaya, Kurbatovskaya, etc. Representatives of estates and social groups settle in compact groups; So streets Meshchanskaya, Raznochinskaya, Soldatskie appear. In Zaudinskaya settlement, the street names corresponded to the nature of the area - Podkamenskaya, Podgornaya, Protochnaya, Mostovaya.
After the establishment of Soviet power in the country, some of the streets whose names were associated with the old classes were renamed Workers ', Workers', Tsentrosoyuznaya, etc. In the 1930s, some of the streets were named after the participants of the Civil War: N. A. Kalandarishvilli, A. P. Smolin, P. S. Baltakhinov and Soviet leaders: named after S. M. Kirov, M. V. Frunze, and others. During the years of five-year plans, Sawing, Lesozavodskaya, and Transportnaya streets appeared. After World War II, the streets are named after the Heroes of the Soviet Union: V. B. Borsoeva, S. N. Oreshkova, and others.
Town Squares
| Old name | Modern name |
|---|---|
| Cathedral (in front of Odigitrievsky Cathedral) | Square named after D. Banzarov (busy bus stop) |
| Market Square, October Square (from June 13, 1924) | Revolution square |
| Highland area | Council Square |
| Battery Square (from January 15, 1903) | Does not exist. |
| Nikolaevskaya Square (since 1891) | Does not exist. |
| Red Banner Square (from February 4, 1926) | Does not exist. Was in the Lower Berezovka (now pos. Vagzhanova ) |
| The area of 1905 (since February 4, 1926) | Square them. Senchikhina |
| - | Theater Square [25] them. L.L. Linhovoina |
| - | Square of Glory |
| - | Komsomolskaya Square |
| - | square them. V.I. Lenin. Appeared in 1961 on the street. Homeland |
Revolution square
theatre square
Council Square
Parks, squares, gardens and alleys of the city
| Title | City area (streets) |
|---|---|
| Central Park (Gorsad) | Sovetsky (Kuibyshev, Dimitrova) |
| Victory Memorial Park | Sovetsky (Kuibyshev, Dimitrova) |
| recreation park "Yubileiny" | October (Zherdeva, Krasnoflotskaya, Tobolsk) |
| park them. S.N. Oreshkova | Zheleznodorozhny (50th anniversary of October, October, Limonov) |
| park them. D. Zhanaeva | Railway (Krasnodon, Main) |
| Railway Park | Railway (Gagarin, Dobrolyubova) |
| Park Happy people | October (Rinchino - 102 block) |
| square "112 quarter" | October (112 quarter) |
| Square "60th Anniversary of Victory" | Railway (village. East) |
| Square "Childhood" | October (Tereshkova) |
| Square "Architect" | October (Builders Ave.) |
| recreation park "Kvartal" | October (Stroiteley Ave. - 40 block) |
| square "Cosmos" | Railway (Gagarin) |
| Square "Crystal" | Zheleznodorozhny (Radikaltseva) |
| square "Youth" | Railway (Komarova, Garnayeva, Stolichnaya) |
| Square "Naranai Tuya" | October (Shumyatsky, Kudarinskaya) |
| square them. A.S. Pushkin | Railway (Gagarin, Hotsa Namsaraeva) |
| Children's Square "Rainbow" | Zheleznodorozhny (October, Slavy Square) |
| square "peers who went into battle" | October (Babushkina, Tereshkova) |
| Family Recreation Park | October (Stroiteley Ave. - 47 quarter) |
| square them. Senchikhina | Zheleznodorozhny (Gagarin, Senchikhin, Revolutions of 1905) |
| square "Student" | October (Klyuchevskaya) |
| Chess Square | Soviet (Communist, Kuibyshev) |
| Walk of Fame | October (Klyuchevskaya - quarter 18) |
| Alexander Garden | Sovetsky (Lenina - Living rows) |
Architects
- Losev, Anton Ivanovich (1763-1829) - Irkutsk provincial architect. According to his project, the Gostinodvor ranks were built.
- Pauv, Nikolay Avgustovich - retired collegiate registrar. According to his designs, several buildings were constructed in Verkhneudinsk; including: the estate of I. F. Goldobin (Lenin Street, 26), the arch of the Tsars Gate, the estate on the street. Embankment, 28, st. Lenin, 3 (1879).
- Kotov, Afanasy Sergeevich - urban technician until 1917, urban architect in the 1920s.
- Minert, Ludwig Karlovich - in the 1950s, the main architect of Buryat-Mongolproekt.
- Vampilov, Andrei Romanovich - since 1951, architect, chief architect of the Buryatgrazhdanproekt Institute.
- Pouterman, Leonid Natanovich - the author of the master plans for the city of Ulan-Ude 1966, 1986 and 2007, the author of Victory Avenue [26] .
- Zilberman, Pavel Grigorievich - Head of the Architecture Department of Ulan-Ude, chief architect of the city from 1966 to 2000.
- Itygilov, Vladislav Pavlovich - the chief architect of the city from 2000 to 2010 [27] .
Notes
- ↑ Zhalsarayev A. D. Settlements, Orthodox churches, clergymen of Buryatia XVII — XX centuries. / / Ulan-Ude, 2003
- ↑ Mitypova E.S. The history of the Orthodox Church during the Soviet period (1917) Archived on September 26, 2003.
- ↑ Miller I.Ye. Journey of the court counselor I.Ye. Miller from Irkutsk to Nerchinsk in August 1811, which he himself wrote down.// The Spirit of Journals. St. Petersburg 1816
- A brief encyclopedia of the history of the merchants and commerce of Siberia. - Novosibirsk, 1994. T. I, book 2,
- ↑ Kuytunov ( Parshin N.V. Annals of Verkhneudinsk. / / Siberia. 1878
- ↑ Issues of urban life and construction // Buryat-Mongol truth. No. 123 (221) June 3, 1924. page 2-3
- The Emergency Housing Commission is dissolved // Buryat-Mongol truth. No. 208 (600) September 11, 1925. p.6.
- ↑ Buryat-Mongol truth. Verkhneudinsk. Number 11 September 16, 1923.
- ↑ On tree plantation // Buryat-Mongol truth. Verkhneudinsk. № 111 May 20, 1924. p 2
- ↑ Iminokhoev A.M. The History of Everyday Life and the Dynamics of the Quality of Life of the Population of Verkhneudinsk / Ulan-Ude in 1920–1930s // Thesis. Institute of Mongolian Studies, Buddhology and Tibetology SB RAS. Ulan-Ude. 2009
- ↑ Victor Kharitonov Rivers and Bridges // Novaya Buryatia. Ulan-Ude. 08/15/2010 (unavailable link)
- ↑ General plan of the city of Ulan-Ude.
- ↑ Order of the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation, Ministry of Regional Development of the Russian Federation of July 29, 2010 N 418/339 Moscow “On Approving the List of Historical Settlements”
- ↑ Resolution of the Verkhneudinsky City Executive Committee of the Council of Workers and the Red Army Deputies No. 39 of 06/13/1924 // Buryat-Mongolskaya Pravda No. 142 June 27, 1924
- ↑ Walk along the street Banzarov ... (inaccessible link)
- ↑ By the Decree of the City Council of Verkhneudinsk of October 21, 1923, Proezzhaya Street was renamed Tsentrosoyuznaya Street in honor of the anniversary of the Tsentrosoyuz. // Buryat-Mongolskaya Pravda // Verkhneudinsk. Number 52, November 3, 1923. p.3
- ↑ 1 2 3 On renaming streets // Buryat-Mongolskaya Pravda, No. 89, April 17, 1940, p. 4
- ↑ On the improvement of Ulan-Ude // Buryat-Mongol Pravda No. 145 (7396), June 22, 1941, p.4.
- ↑ 1 2 3 Resolution of the City Council of Ulan-Ude No. 174 of July 29, 1937 // Buryat-Mongol Pravda. No. 201 (6261), August 29, 1937, p.4
- ↑ Resolution of the Presidium of the Verkhneudinsky City Council No. 12 of April 26, 1929 \\ Buryat-Mongol truth. No. 107, May 15, 1929, p.4
- ↑ Resolution of the Executive Committee of the Verkhneudinsk City Council of Workers and Red Army Deputies No. 1 \\ Buryat-Mongolian Truth. No. 111 (784) May 20, 1926. page 5
- ↑ Resolution of the Presidium of the Verkhneudinsk City Council of Workers 'and Peasants' Deputies No. 55 of June 11, 1934
- ↑ Resolutions of the City Council // Buryat-Mongol truth. Verkhneudinsk. Number 103. May 10, 1924. p. 3.
- Decision of the executive committee of the Ulan-Ude city council of deputies of workers No. 81 dated May 12, 1965
- ↑ For the first time mentioned in the draft master plan for the development of Ulan-Ude in 1937.
- ↑ Leonid Puterman 90s and zero. Unresolved city tasks // New Buryatia. 02/21/11 (unavailable link)
- ↑ Maria Krasikova Wind of changes in the architecture of the city 09.02.2010
Literature
- V. Guryanov. By Bolshoi, Bolshoye-Nikolayevskaya // SPC for Protection of Monuments of the Republic of Buryatia - Ulan-Ude: Publishing house BNTS SB RAS, 1998
- L. K. Minert, “The Architecture of Ulan-Ude”, Ulan-Ude, Buryat Book Publishing House, 1983;
- L. K. Minert. Architectural Monuments of Buryatia. // Novosibirsk. The science. 1983
- Dondukov C. Ulan-Ude - the capital of the Soviet Buryatia. Ulan-Ude: Buryat, Prince. publishing house, 1961.
- Tansky M. V. Pages from the past of Ulan-Ude. (Verkhneudinsk in the 70s-80s of the 19th century). - Ulan-Ude: Buryat, Prince. publishing house, 1966.
- Nataev P.L. Ulan-Ude. Local essay.- Ulan-Ude: Buryat, Prince. publishing house, 1983.
- Pushkareva Yu.G. ULAN-UDE CITY STREETS: CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL ASPECT // Humanitarian Vector. Series: Pedagogy, Psychology. 2011. №4.