Rosen, Andrey Evgenievich

Baron Andrei Yevgenyevich von Rosen (Andreas Hermann Heinrich von Rosen) was born on November 3 ( 14 ), 1799 in the estate of the Knight’s Manor of Mentak, Mentaka County, Wesenberg County, Estland Province (now Määtaguse Manor, part of the Alutaguse Parish ( Est. Alutaguse vald ) of Ida County Republic of Estonia ). From the nobles of the Estland province. Lutheran . Father - Baron Eugene-Octavius ​​von Rosen (Eugène Oktave Auguste von Rosen) (May 24, 1759 - January 26, 1834), a former manrichter, lived in Revel; behind him in the Estland province there were 900 male souls, which had been sold by 1826, and he was in a “constrained position”; mother - Barbara Helen Steel von Holstein (Barbara Helene Staël von Holstein) (May 14, 1768 - March 18, 1826).

Since 1812 he was brought up at the Narva National School. In 1815 he entered the First Cadet Corps , on April 20 ( May 2 ), 1818 he was issued by the ensign in the Life Guards Finland Regiment ^[1] . From February 14 ( 26 ), 1820 , the second lieutenant , from August 7 ( 19 ), 1823 , lieutenant , From 1822 the regimental adjutant under V.N. Shenshin .

April 19 ( May 1 ), 1825 , married Anna Vasilyevna Malinovskaya , daughter of Vasily Fedorovich Malinovsky , 1st director of the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum ^[2] .

He participated in the conspiracy of the Decembrists (he was not a member of secret societies, but was present at the meetings of December 11 ( 23 ), 1825 and December 12 ( 24 ), 1825 at Ryleev and Obolensky . On December 14 ( 26 ), 1825 , he swore allegiance with the officers of the Life Guards of the Finland Regiment) to Emperor Nicholas I. After the oath, he went home, and from there went to the palace to the appointed exit, but it was not possible to go further than St. Isaac’s bridge because of the large number of people. Rosen entered the square of the Life Guards of the Moscow Regiment , and from there went to his regiment, where he persuaded the regiment to the Senate The battalion of the regiment was led by Adjutant General EF Komarovsky and Major General Golovin. Together with the still un sworn regiment, he came to St. Isaac’s Bridge, where he was ordered to load his guns. When ordered to go further, the carabinier (or grenadier) platoon arrived confused, and Rosen's rifle platoon, coming behind, shouted: “Stop!” Captain Vyatkin tried in vain to persuade Rosen's platoon to pacify the uprising . When the 1st ranger company, which was behind, wanted to go by order of General E.F. Komarovsky, Rosen stopped them. When non-commissioned officers Kukhtikov and Stepanov and 4 other people wanted to go, Rosen returned them to their places, threatening to stab with the sword of the one who would move. After cannon shots, when the Life Guards Horse Regiment ascended the bridge, Rosen put the platoon in order parallel to the bridge, with the left flank to the arena of the 1st cadet corps. Adjutant General Benckendorf explained to the soldiers their misconceptions and they swore allegiance to Emperor Nicholas I. After the oath, General Benckendorf placed the battalion of the Life Guards of the Finnish Regiment on a bivouac in the 1st line. Rosen spent the whole night on guard at the bivouac.

He was arrested at 4 p.m. on December 15 ( 27 ), 1825 , by regimental adjutant Gribovsky by order of the regimental commander and sent to commandant P.Ya. Bashutsky. The first interrogation was carried out by V.V. Levashov in the presence of Nicholas I. From December 16 ( 28 ), 1825 to December 22, 1825 ( January 3, 1826 ) he was shown on the regimental guard of the Cavalier Guard regiment, on December 25, 1825 ( January 6, 1826 ) he was transferred to the main guardhouse, and on January 5 ( 17 ), 1826 he was transferred to the Peter and Paul Fortress “again finished arrest, peace of the Kronverksky curtain ”, January 30 ( February 11 ), 1826 is shown there in No. 13.

Sentenced in the V category and by confirmation on July 10 ( 22 ), 1826 , sentenced to hard labor for 10 years, on August 22 ( September 3 ), 1826, 1826, the term was reduced to 6 years. On February 5 ( 17 ), 1827 , he was sent from the Peter and Paul Fortress to Siberia (omens: height is 2 arshins of 9 cm, “his face is white, clean, oblong, his eyes are blue, his nose is long, the hair on his head and eyebrows is light-brown”), March 22 ( April 3 ) 1827 he entered the Chita prison , arrived at the Petrovsky Plant in September 1830.

Upon serving his term, he was sent to a settlement in the city of Kurgan, Kurgan District, Tobolsk Province . July 20 ( August 1 ), 1832 he left the Petrovsky Plant.

September 19 ( October 1 ), 1832 , together with his wife Anna Vasilyevna, sons Kondraty (b. September 5 ( 17 ) September 1831 ) and Vasily (b. August 29 ( September 10 ), 1832 ) arrived in a settlement in the city of Kurgan. Here I bought a house, went in for gardening. The house had a fairly extensive garden with an avenue of acacia trees, with shady birches and lindens, flower beds. He was engaged in crossbreeding of local wild varieties of fruit trees with cultivars. He also cultivated crops using his own inventions and devices to facilitate the work of the plowman. He shared seedlings, plant seeds with local residents. Currently, in the house of Rosen (Kurgan, Sovetskaya St. , 67) is the Children's Art School No. 1.

While at a settlement in Kurgan, he read a lot, was engaged in literary activity. On Fridays, he spent several hours with the Naryshkins ; in a week as a whole, he visited them up to three times. During his stay in the city, Rosenov had two more children (Vladimir, born July 24 ( August 5 ), 1834 ; Anna, born September 6 ( 18 ), 1836 ). Therefore, a lot of time was spent on caring and raising children. Anna Vasilievna started a good home pharmacy and treated the townspeople who needed medical care ^[3] .

In 1837, when Tsarevich Alexander arrived in Kurgan, the poet V. A. Zhukovsky, who was in his retinue, visited the Rosenov house.

According to the highest command announced by the Minister of War on June 21 ( July 3 ), 1837 , he was determined to be an ordinary in the Separate Caucasian Corps . On September 6 ( 18 ), 1837 , he left Kurgan for the army. November 10 ( 22 ), 1837 arrived in Tiflis . He was enrolled in the Mingrel Jaeger Regiment ( White Key ), from where in January 1838 he was transferred to the 3rd Linear Caucasian Battalion ( Pyatigorsk ). Due to the morbid condition, on January 14, 1839 he was dismissed from military service as a private soldier with the permission to live under strict supervision on his own home in the province of Estonia in the estate of his brother Knight's Ment Mentak, near Narva.

In 1855, it was allowed to go to the eldest son Eugene (born June 19, 1826) in the Izyum district of Kharkov province , on April 11 ( 23 ), 1855 , was released from supervision with a ban on entry into the capital. He set up a village school here, where he taught, and at his own expense opened a peasant bank. Under the amnesty, on August 26 ( September 7 ), 1856 , he was restored to his former rights, after 1861 he lived on the estate of Kamenka of Izumsky Uyezd and was two three-year-old world mediator.

Baron Andrey Evgenievich von Rosen died on April 19 ( May 1 ), 1884 , at the Oknino farm of the Stratilatov volost in the Izyumsky district of the Kharkov province (now the territory of the abolished farm is part of the Brazhkovsky rural council of the Izyumsky district of the Kharkov region of Ukraine ). During the years of Soviet power, a monument was erected on the grave with the inscription: “Our mournful work will not disappear: a flame will ignite from the spark, and our Orthodox people will be removed under the holy banner” ^{[4] [5]} .

April 19 ( May 1 ), 1825 , married Anna Vasilyevna Malinovskaya , daughter of Vasily Fedorovich Malinovsky , 1st director of the Tsarskoye Selo Lyceum.

Andrei Evgenievich and Anna Vasilievna had 7 children:

• Eugene ( June 19 ( July 1 ), 1826-1895), staff captain of the Life Guards of the Ulan Regiment
• Kondraty (September 5 ( 17 ), 1831 — until 1899), staff captain of the guards artillery
• Vasily ( August 29 ( September 10 ), 1832-1899), lieutenant colonel of the Guards Horse Artillery
• Vladimir ( July 14 ( 26 ), 1834 - until 1899), lieutenant
• Anna (Inna) (September 6 ( 18 ), 1836 — until 1899), married in 1867 to college adviser Nikolai Ionovich Bobrov, controller of the Smolensk state chamber.
• Sophia (April 3 ( 15 ), 1839 - April 10 ( 22 ), 1839 ), lived 7 days
• Andrey (1841-1845), died in childhood

In 1869, a German translation of his Notes appeared in Leipzig (although German was Rosen's mother tongue, but he lost touch with him in Siberia and wrote Russian memoirs), under the heading: “Aus den Memoiren eines Russischen Dekabristen”, in the same year translated into English. The St. Petersburg edition of 1870 is prohibited by censorship. The Russian original in Russia during the author’s lifetime was allowed only in extracts printed in the “Domestic Notes” for 1876 , Prince. 2-11, and the “Exchange Gazette” for 1869, No. 269 and 274.

The full publication in Russia was published only in 1907 under the editorship of P. E. Shchegolev , in 1984 Rosen's notes were reprinted in Irkutsk , and in 2007 in St. Petersburg . Rosen writes in them about his upbringing, initial service, the last years of the reign of Alexander I (which was very little mentioned by other Decembrists), secret societies, investigation and his life until 1839 .

With great interest met by people of the 1860s ( Nekrasov , Leo Tolstoy , Leskov ) and some peers of the Decembrists ( Vyazemsky ), Rosen's "Notes" aroused criticism, however, from other surviving participants in the uprising.

Since 1870, he began to publish articles and memoirs in Russian Antiquities:

• “Amendments to the Notes of M. A. Bestuzhev ” (vol. II),
• "Poems of P. Bobrishchev-Pushkin " ( 1871 , vol. III and 1873 , vol. IV),
• "Nick. Nick. Raevsky "(1873, t. VII),
• "Elena Alexandrovna Bestuzheva" ( 1874 , vol. IX),
• " Ivan Alexandrovich Annenkov " ( 1878 , v. XXII),
• The Decembrist, note ( 1881 , v. XXX),
• "P. Falenberg, a story from the era of 1826 ”( 1883 , vol. XXXVIII),
• " MH Ants and his participation in a secret society" (1883, vol. XLI),
• “Decembrists in the Caucasus” (1884, No. 2),
• " P.I. Pestel " (1884, No. 4).

Separately, he published "An Essay on the Family History of Barons von Rosen " (St. Petersburg, 1876). After his death, appeared: "Opinion on Estonian affairs" ("Russian Archive", 1885 , No. 4) and "Essay on the actions of the world mediator of the Kharkov province , Izyumsky district, 2nd section" ("Russian Thought", 1885, pr. 9 )

Rosen also compiled a collection of poems by A.I. Odoevsky .

• The investigation of A.E. Rosen ("The Decembrists Uprising", T.XV, S. 205-216, 319-321)
• Bokova, V. M. Andrei Evgenievich Rosen, Baron // Russian Writers 1800-1917, v. 5, M. 2007, p. 340-341.
• Memoirs of the Decembrists. Northern Society, Moscow: Publishing House of Moscow State University, 1981, p.223
• The Herald of Europe (1869, No. 10)
• Notes of Yakushkin (Russian Archive, 1870, No. 8-9)
• obituary in "Russian Antiquity" for 1884, No. 6
• Dmitriev-Mamonov, “Decembrists in Western Siberia” (“Readings in the Moscow Society of Russian History and Antiquities”, 1895 , book 4).
• Rosen, Andrew . Letters of the Decembrist. M .: Dmitry Bulanin, 2008.
• Rudakov V.E. Rosen, Andrey Evgenievich // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.