Roses, Juan Manuel de

In his youth he lived among gaucho (shepherds). Thanks to successful campaigns against the Araucans in Patagonia, Rosas gained experience in military affairs and became very popular.

In 1828, Rosas became the leader of the federalists in the struggle against the Unitaries; in 1829 he became captain-general ( governor ) of Buenos Aires and the head of the Argentine Confederation. In the position of Captain General, Roses spent 23 years and gradually acquired unlimited dictatorial power, while the power of Congress was increasingly declining.

During this period, a real personality cult of Rosas was established in Argentina. In his honor, the month of October was renamed the month of Roses. The dictator’s birthday (May 30) was declared a national holiday. Not a single public appearance was complete without reference to his statements or panegyric to his “glorious deeds” ^[5] .

The significance of Rosas weakened only as a result of his intervention in the civil war in Uruguay , which involved him in a conflict with France and Great Britain .

At that time, the provinces of Corrientes and Entre Rios, which were part of the union, fell away from Roses. The war that arose on this occasion absorbed all of Rosas's attention. In 1852, Rosas was defeated at the battle of Caseros near Buenos Aires by the governor of the province of Entre Rios Justo José de Urquís i Garcia , who was supported by Brazil and Uruguay . After that, Rosas fled to the UK. The provisional government formed by Urkisa confiscated the vast estates and huge herds of cattle that belonged to Rosas, while Rosas himself was sentenced to death in absentia in 1861 ; subsequently, however, he managed to regain part of his possessions.

The era of Rosas and the struggle against him is one of the main episodes of the Argentinean national history and collective mythology, this is a cross-cutting theme of Argentinean literature, and then cinema, etc. Jose Marmol contributed to the development of the theme ( Amalia novel, 1851 - 1855 ), and a century later - Jorge Luis Borges (poems and prose) and Ernesto Sabato .

Against the background of the events connected with the dictatorship of Rosas in Argentina and the struggle against it, the action of the adventure novel by the French writer Gustave Emard (1818-1883) “Rosas” takes place.

Charles Darwin , who met Rosas in 1832, described his character and history of his first forty years of life in the book “The Naturalist's Journey Around the World on the Beagle”.

• Masorca
• Desert Campaign (1833-1834)

• Rozas, Juan Manuel // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.