Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University

In 1896 - 1900, petitions of the commercial and industrial public to open polytechnic universities in a number of large cities of Russia, including in Nizhny Novgorod, were made to the official bodies of the Russian Empire . Responding to these requests, the government opened three new polytechnic institutes: in St. Petersburg, Kiev and Warsaw.

Warsaw Polytechnic Institute of Emperor Nicholas II (1915–1917)

In July 1915, the Warsaw Polytechnic Institute of Emperor Nicholas II was hastily evacuated to Moscow. It was possible to take out a significant part of the library, the station of resistance of materials, chemical laboratories, etc. In Moscow, the Warsaw Polytechnic Institute was housed temporarily, until it was transferred to another city in Russia. Tiflis, Saratov, Odessa, Yekaterinoslav, Orenburg, Omsk, Yekaterinodar fought for the right to take the institute.

At the end of September 1915, Nizhny Novgorod also announced its capabilities and desire to accept the Warsaw Polytechnic Institute. The Ministry of Trade and Industry of Russia has given its consent to the opening of the Polytechnic Institute in Nizhny Novgorod, provided that the city collects one third of the total amount required for equipment - 2 million rubles. A meeting of representatives of industry and trade of Nizhny Novgorod decided by the new fees to increase by 1 million rubles allotted by him to the device of the local polytechnic institute in the amount of 700 thousand rubles. For these purposes, the owner of the mills ME. Bashkirov donated 500 thousand rubles, MA Degtyarev and the mayor DV Sirotkin 100 thousand each, D.M. Burmistrov - 50 thousand. In addition, the city allocated 500,000 from its budget; there were contributions from zemstvos, nobility, some private individuals. Thus, the Warsaw Polytechnic was located in Nizhny Novgorod mainly at the expense of Nizhny Novgorod.

On July 6, 1916, the Ministry of Trade and Industry decided to transfer the Warsaw Polytechnic Institute to Nizhny Novgorod. So the institute began a new life in the city on the Volga. 53 of 66 teachers and institute employees were evacuated from Warsaw. Among them were: Director V.P. Amalitsky, Dean of the Mechanical Department V.K. Zadarnovsky, dean of the chemical department I.I. Bevad, editor of the “News of the Warsaw Polytechnic Institute” I.R. Brycev, as well as V.A. Solonina, I.F. Chorba, A.N. Kugushev, N.N. Vorozhtsov, I.A. Cherdantsev, B.G. Rozhdestvensky, B.M. Lampsi, V.S. Burovtsev, R.E. Wagner, N.A. Semenov, a fellow (left at the institute to prepare for teaching) PI. Matveyev and others. Many of them then worked for many years at the mechanical and chemical faculties of the NSU, at the mechanical engineering and chemical engineering institutes, at the Gorky Industrial Institute, and N.А. Semenov and PI Matveev even - in the Gorky Polytechnic Institute.

Among the teachers of the Warsaw Polytechnic Institute were many well-known scientists, such as State Counselor Professor I.F. Chorba, awarded the Order of St. Stanislav 2nd and 3rd degree and St. Anne 2nd and 3rd degree, a student of the outstanding Russian chemist A.M. Butlerov Professor I.I. Bevad and others.

Nizhny Novgorod Polytechnic Institute (1917–1918)

On March 14, 1917, the Nizhny Novgorod Executive Public Committee of the Provisional Government made a decision to rename the Warsaw Polytechnic to the Nizhny Novgorod Polytechnic Institute.

In March 1917, in connection with the liquidation of all the government agencies of the Polish Kingdom that had ceased to exist, the Council of the Warsaw Polytechnic Institute petitioned the Provisional Government to rename the institute to the Nizhny Novgorod Polytechnic Institute.

On June 20, 1917, the Provisional Government adopted a resolution “On the establishment of the Nizhny Novgorod Polytechnic Institute”. The resolution stated: “To establish a polytechnic institute in N. Novgorod from October 1, 1917, consisting of four departments: chemical, mechanical, engineering and mining, and mining ... Warsaw Polytechnic Institute to abolish ... All students and volunteers of the Warsaw Polytechnic Institute the right to go to the relevant departments and courses of the Nizhny Novgorod Polytechnic Institute ... The whole staff of the Warsaw Polytechnic Institute, both educational and administrative the second part is transferred to Nizhny Novgorod Polytechnic Institute ". So the Warsaw Polytechnic Institute became Nizhny Novgorod.

After the February revolution of 1917, certain democratic changes took place in the life of the Nizhny Novgorod Polytechnic Institute: the departments were renamed faculties, the head of the university became known as the rector, and the laboratory assistants became assistants. In addition to professors, associate professors and assistants, students were allowed to work on a number of issues of university life for the first time; women were given the right to replace all posts in the academic and administrative line.

March 22, 1917 at the general meeting of professors, teachers and laboratory assistants in the presence of representatives from students (with an advisory vote) the prince A.N. was elected the temporary director of the institute. Kugushev

However, as an independent university, the Nizhny Novgorod Polytechnic Institute did not exist for long. After the October Revolution, the question was raised about the democratization of higher education, which meant primarily changing the social composition of students and teachers in favor of workers and peasants, and the NIP, in the opinion of local authorities, was not ready for such democratization.

March 28, 1918 on the initiative of the chairman of the Nizhny Novgorod Provincial Committee of the Bolshevik Party, teacher of the Department of Mineralogy of the Polytechnic Institute N.M. Fedorovskiy, supported by the chairman of the regional executive committee I.R. Romanov, the Executive Committee of the Nizhny Novgorod Provincial Council considered the issue of higher education reform. For greater democratization of higher education, it was decided to create a university in Nizhny Novgorod, and to close the Nizhny Novgorod Polytechnic Institute, the People’s University and the Higher Agricultural Courses, and transfer all their property to the university.

On May 22, 1918, the State Commission on Education adopted a resolution establishing the University of Nizhny Novgorod, and on June 25, 1918, the SNK of the RSFSR adopted a decree “On the abolition of the Nizhny Novgorod Polytechnic Institute” signed by V.I. Lenin.

Nizhny Novgorod State University (1918–1930)

The Nizhny Novgorod University included the mechanical, chemical, and civil engineering faculties of the former Polytechnic Institute. They passed the bulk of the students and teachers of the university. The university was transferred to its material base. The technical faculties, as well as the entire university, did not have enough facilities, teaching aids and equipment. July 2 The collegium of the NSU made a decision on attracting teachers of the former Nizhny Novgorod Polytechnic Institute to work at the university. As a result, the bulk of the teachers of the Nizhny Novgorod Polytechnic Institute in July. decided to go to university. Among them were I.F. Chorba, V.A. Solonina, B.M. Lampsi, B.G. Rozhdestvensky, V.K. Zadarnovsky, A.N. Kugushev and others.

The technical faculties of the university also employed qualified engineers of Nizhny Novgorod enterprises. In 1917, one of the leading specialists of the Sormovsky plant, G.V., began teaching at a polytechnical institute. Trinkler, from September. - graduates of the Warsaw-Nizhny Novgorod Polytechnic Institute M.I. Dekabrun and R.N. Litvinov, mechanical engineer, graduate of the Petrograd Polytechnic Institute PI. Piskunov, c. - shipbuilding engineer SA Karpov, V.L. Lychkovsky - the founder of the electrical engineering specialty at the mechanical faculty of the NSU and others. A number of teachers - P.М. Avaev, A.M. Zilberman, L.I. Polivanov, P.S. Philosophers and others came from other cities. In the 20s, the staff of the Nizhny Novgorod radio laboratory, prominent scientists V.P. Vologdin (1919–1923), M.A. Bonch-Bruevich (in 1921–1928), and also V.V. Tatarinov, V.K. Lebedinsky et al. In 1920 he left the University of Nizhny Novgorod in Ivanovo-Voznesensky Polytechnic Institute, where he became rector, professor N.N. Vorozhtsov.

Nizhny Novgorod University began work in the most difficult conditions of economic disruption, which affected all its activities. If in 1919/1920, the university had 14 faculties, in 1921/22, as a result of the reduction, only four remained (mechanical, chemical, agronomic, and medical).

In 1922 there was a question about the elimination of the NSU due to the lack of funds for its maintenance. But the local authorities, with the support of the Nizhny Novgorod community, managed to defend the university. Equally important was the fact that the Faculty of Chemistry was the main center of the leather industry in Russia, directed the activity of acid and oil factories, the organization of pulp production. The Faculty of Mechanics was based at the Krasnoye Sormovo, Engine of Revolution, Krasnaya Etna, and other plants, where students did their internship and where they went to work as engineers. A huge role in preserving the university was played by the Krasnoye Sormovo plant, which supported the financing of the university, given the tremendous importance of technical faculties in training personnel for the enterprise.

From 1922 to 1925 The NSU was on the local budget, with 25% of the cost of maintaining it was covered by tuition fees. By 1925 there were five specialties at the Faculty of Mechanics: agricultural engineering, heat engineering, mechanical technology of fibrous substances (spinning and weaving), electrical engineering, shipbuilding. In 1926, new specialties were opened: metal cutting, metal forming, and foundry. At the mechanical department at the end of the 1920s, students studied in seven specialties, including those that were in the closing stage:

1) thermal power plants and boiler plants with specializations: steam technology, internal combustion engines, electric power plants. The main courses — steam boilers, steam engines, power plants, steam turbines — were read by Professor B.M. Lampsey The specialty of ICE was headed by Professor G.V. Trinkler; 2) machining of metals with specializations: metal forming, metal cutting, foundry; 3) river shipbuilding with specializations: hull construction and ship mechanisms; 4) milling business; 5) mechanical wood technology; 6) technology of fibrous substances; 7) agricultural engineering.

Gradually, the number of specialties and the chemical faculty. In 1925, there were three specialties: leather technology, technology of fats and oils, electrochemistry and electrometallurgy (the latter closed in the same year due to the death of Professor PM Avaev). In 1927/28, the specialty "Technology of silicates" was restored, the following year, the wood chemical specialty (dry distillation of wood) and the specialty "Basic chemical industry" were opened.

A new phenomenon in the life of higher education after the October Revolution was the emergence of party and Komsomol organizations in universities. The party and Komsomol organizations brought to the life of the university the politicization of the educational process, the conduct of the class line, which complicated the relations in the pedagogical and student groups, hindered the educational process. However, it cannot be denied that the Communists and Komsomol members played a significant positive role in mobilizing the collectives to solve the tasks facing the universities. In the first half of the 20s, the needs for engineering and technical specialists were small. For the years 1918-1925, the university (at that time the faculties of the Polytechnic Institute were already working as a part of the university) trained 29 mechanical engineers and 30 chemical engineers. However, the technical reconstruction of the country, which began in the second half of the 1920s, demanded a sharp increase in the number of engineers. Only in Nizhny Novgorod, in the years of the first five-year plan, were such powerful enterprises built as automobile, machine-tool building, aviation and other plants. Dzerzhinsk became a major center of the chemical industry, the largest paper mill in Europe was built in Balakhna. The teachers of technical faculties of the university did not stand apart from these processes. They worked at industrial enterprises, in the scientific and technical council of NSNH, in the Association for the Study of Productive Forces. In the laboratories of the university conducted research on the orders of industrial enterprises. Great assistance in the construction of the automobile plant, other enterprises of Nizhny Novgorod, the bridge across the Oka was provided by the laboratory of resistance of materials under the guidance of N.A. Semenov.

At the end of the 1920s, the so-called “proletarianization” of the higher school developed, which envisaged a sharp increase in the admission of workers and peasants to universities. The class principle of the formation of students began to operate after the October Revolution, when in. working faculties were opened, including at the University of Nizhny Novgorod. The practice of universities included enrollment in the composition of students in the areas of party, government and trade union bodies. Particularly active "proletarianization" was introduced at the technical faculties of the university. When At least 65% of workers were enrolled; the technical faculties exceeded it. 74% of workers were employed at the mechanical faculty, 71.2% for chemical engineering. The number of free admission has been sharply reduced. For example, 42 people underwent tests for the mechanical faculty for 12 places of free admission, 128 for the chemical faculty for 55 places. Thus, a significant number of people who passed the tests quite successfully were not accepted.

In connection with the growing need for engineering and technical personnel, the leadership of the Nizhny Novgorod province put forward proposals for dividing the NSU into two educational institutions - the university and the technical college and the organization of the Polytechnic Institute in Nizhny Novgorod.

Mechanical Engineering and Chemical Technology Institutes (1930–1934)

On May 1, 1930, the mechanical and chemical faculties of Nizhny Novgorod State University (NSU) were transformed into independent institutes - mechanical engineering (NMMI) and chemical engineering (NHTI). Along with the above technical universities, building , pedagogical , agricultural and medical institutes were also created.

Four departments were created at the Mechanical Engineering Institute: technical (6 specialties), design (4 specialties), mechanical (4 specialties) and shipbuilding (2 specialties).

The Institute of Chemical Technology had five departments: the main chemical industry, the technology of fats and oils, the wood chemical industry, the technology of silicates, and the technology of animal cover. The engineers of these departments were trained in fifteen specialties.

With the organization of technical colleges in our city began to develop a system of higher education on the job. In 1931, the evening department and the Dzerzhinsky evening faculty of the NHTI were created, and in 1932 - the three evening faculties of the MMMI: Sormovsky, Avtozavodsky and Kanavinsky. However, due to the lack of necessary facilities, equipment and shortage of teachers, the Kanavinsky branch of the MMMI and the Dzerzhinsky Faculty of the NHTI soon ceased to exist. After a series of reorganizations, the Avtozavodsky and Sormovsky faculties continue to train engineering personnel.

Mechanical engineering and chemical technology institutes existed from 1930 to 1934. During this period, they trained 933 engineers; in 1934, almost one and a half thousand students continued their studies.

During the period of existence of branch technical colleges, their training and production link has been strengthened. Three new laboratories and eight rooms were created at the MMMI, the library collection of the institute numbered almost 50 thousand books. The volume of training equipment has increased several times. Appeared photo and film store, workshops visual aids, cold metal processing and plumbing. In NHTI expanded the area of ​​laboratories and classrooms (from 1804 to), almost three times increased the amount of equipment. Laboratories for qualitative analysis, basic chemical industry, mineral fertilizers were organized, six new cabinets were created. The living conditions of the students have improved: canteens, canteens, graduate rooms, reading rooms, a post office, a doctor’s office opened in the dormitories. Most students received a scholarship.

Gorky Industrial Institute named after A. A. Zhdanov (1934–1950)

In the mid-thirties, much work was done to rationalize the network of higher technical educational institutions. By the spring of 1933, the number of universities in the country had decreased from 362 to 280. In 1933-1934. In the system of universities of the People's Commissariat of Heavy Industry, on the basis of 34 technical colleges, eleven industrial institutes were created, which are polytechnic in nature. One of them was the Gorky Industrial Institute (GII), created in 1934 on the basis of the merger of the Nizhny Novgorod Mechanical Engineering and Chemical Technology Institute.

The first director of the Gorky Industrial Institute was Peter Andreevich Tyurkin , who had previously headed the Institute of Mechanics and Engineering. He worked for eleven years in the system of public education, was the editor of the newspaper "Gorky Commune". Later he became director of the Leningrad Industrial Institute, and later - Commissar of Education of the RSFSR.

In 1935-1937 the director of the institute was Ivan Nikolaevich Kryukov (1896-1938), a chemical engineer.

From 1937 to 1941 the institute was headed by Andrei Yakovlevich Sinetsky, subsequently - deputy minister of higher education of the USSR, director of the Moscow Automotive Institute.

Initially, the GII had four faculties: general technical, mechanical-technological, transport-engineering and chemical. The Faculty of General Engineering in the GII, as well as in a number of other universities (Moscow Mechanical Engineering, Leningrad Industrial and others), was established in 1934 to experiment. His dean was B. G. Rozhdestvensky. At this faculty, first and second year students studied. The main achievement of the general technical faculty, as the experience of its existence showed, was that it contributed to the overcoming of narrow and early specialization.

The Faculty of Mechanics and Technology, formed on the basis of the Mechanical Engineering Institute, had the following specialties: mechanical assembly production, metal forming and foundry production. The dean of the faculty was I. F. Chorba.

At the Faculty of Transport and Engineering there was a training of specialists in locomotive engineering, shipbuilding and in the mechanical equipment of ships. The faculty was headed by S. A. Karpov.

The Faculty of Chemistry, created on the basis of the Institute of Chemical Technology, initially trained engineers in eight specialties, and since 1936 in three: technology of inorganic substances, technology of silicates, and technology of fats. The dean of the faculty was N. K. Ponomarev.

On the eve of the Great Patriotic War, the GII became one of the largest educational and scientific institutions in the country. In the prewar years there was a harmonious structure of the institute: 6 faculties (mechanical engineering, automotive, shipbuilding, chemical, special and forging and pressing engineering), which employed more than 30 departments. The deans of the faculties were P. I. Matveev, N. A. Semenov, A. F. Kotin, M. G. Ivanov, I. V. Tipashov, I. V. Klimov. During this period, 2,285 engineers were trained at all faculties of the GII.

At the beginning of 1941, the country's first faculty of forging and pressing mechanical engineering, headed by associate professor, candidate of technical sciences I. V. Klimov, later a professor, honored worker of science and technology, was organized at the institute. The new faculty, in addition to the main department “Machines and Technology of Metal Forming”, included a department of metallurgy with a metallographic laboratory and a department of foundry, already formed during the Great Patriotic War. In total, 744 people left GII for the front: 599 students, 5138 teachers, 107 employees. Only 254 people returned back. All of them were awarded military orders or medals.

Intense training and production activities of the university team sought to combine with effective research work. The military situation made it possible to focus on the research of fundamental theoretical problems. The studies were mainly applied, defensive in nature and conducted on self-supporting principles. Many enterprises and organizations carried out non-contractual work related to the creation of various special-purpose devices, development of using substitutes for scarce fuels, lubricants and other materials, improving production technology, improving machine designs, etc. All this prepared the basis for a new specialty. "Technology aviamotorostroeniya". Automotive faculty became avtobronetankovym. The military department introduced the training of officers.

Gorky Polytechnic Institute named after A. A. Zhdanov (1950–1989)

In 1950, the institute was renamed the Gorky Polytechnic Institute.

Nizhny Novgorod Polytechnic Institute (1990–1992)

In 1990, in connection with the return of its historic name to the city, it was renamed the Nizhny Novgorod Polytechnic Institute.

Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University (1992–2007)

R. E. Alekseev State Technical University of Nizhny Novgorod (2007 — present )

In 2007, an agreement was reached between the university administration and the Federal Atomic Energy Agency that the technical university will become the base university for the training of specialists in the design and operation of floating NPPs ^[3]

This approach involves interaction with Russian universities, members of the Russian Innovative Nuclear University Consortium.

Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences V.V. Kondratiev works at the institute; academician F.M. Mitenkov worked until 2016.

Enclosures

There are five buildings on Minin Street. The university administration is located in the 1st building, the main branch of NTB NSTU - in the 2nd building, which is combined with the 4th building of the general building. The 3rd building is located in a historic building - until 1918 the Mariinsky Institute of Noble Maidens was located here. On both sides of it are adjacent the 4th and 5th corps.

The 6th building is located at the entrance to the city in the Verkhnye Pecheri microdistrict. By area, it is the largest; It houses an information and computing center, where classes on programming, computer graphics and website development are held. Due to financial difficulties in the 1990s, it is partially unfinished.

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  First building

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  Second building

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  The third building. Former Mariinsky Women's Institute

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  Fifth Corps

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  Sixth Corps

Hostels

NSTU has six hostels. Four of them are located on Lyadov Square . In the first hostel there is a “NSTU Dispensary” Dispensary, a polyclinic and campus management. In the second - a branch of NTB and the assembly hall. The third is a student gym and dining room; there is also a stadium on campus. In the fourth hostel there are foreign students.

The fifth and sixth hostels are located on the territory of the 6th building; in the fifth hostel there is a laboratory of cryogenic nanoelectronics .

Full time training

• Institute of Transport Systems (ITS)
• Institute of Physical and Chemical Technologies and Materials Science (IFHTiM)
• Electric Power Engineering Institute (INEL)
• Institute of Nuclear Energy and Technical Physics (INP)
• Institute of Radio Electronics and Information Technology (IRIT)
• Institute of Industrial Technology and Mechanical Engineering (IPTM)
• Institute of Economics and Management (INEU)
• Avtozavodskaya Graduate School of Management and Technology (AVS)

• Arzamas Polytechnic Institute (branch of NSTU)
• Dzerzhinsky Polytechnic Institute (branch of NSTU)
• Institute of Radio Electronics and Information Technology (IRIT)
• Institute of Transport Systems (ITS)
• Electric Power Engineering Institute (INEL - formerly FAE)
• Institute of Physical and Chemical Technologies and Materials Science (IFHTiM)
• Institute of Economics and Management (INEU - formerly FEMI and FCT)
• Institute of Industrial Engineering Technologies (IPTM)
• Institute of Nuclear Energy and Technical Physics (INP)
• Institute for the retraining of specialists (IPS)

Full time training

• Dzerzhinsky Polytechnic Institute (branch of NSTU)
• Arzamas Polytechnic Institute (branch of NSTU)

Evening tuition

• Arzamas Polytechnic Institute (branch of NSTU)
• Dzerzhinsky Polytechnic Institute (branch of NSTU)

Distance education

• Arzamas Polytechnic Institute (branch of NSTU)
• Dzerzhinsky Polytechnic Institute (branch of NSTU)

• Higher educational institutions of Nizhny Novgorod
• Minin Street
• Verkhne-Volzhskaya embankment

• Official site
• Arzamas Polytechnic Institute (branch of NSTU)
• Official site of the Dzerzhinsky Polytechnic Institute (branch of NSTU)
• List of implemented programs in NSTU
• Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University. R.E. Alekseeva. 1917–2017: anniversary edition