Caviar

Settlement of lands and environs of the modern village of Ikryanoye begins at the turn of the 18th – 19th centuries.

In 1769, 10,000 acres of land in the tracts of the Basargi River were transferred to the landowner of the Siberian province to collegiate assessor Skripitsin.

In 1788, the lands of Astrakhan County were given to the state adviser Nikolai Smirnov by the Highest Decree.

In 1790, these lands were returned by N. Smirnov and by decree of her Imperial Majesty, the Life Guards of the cavalry regiment were given to the second captain Dmitry Zubov .

The surroundings of the village of Ikryanoye. View of the Bakhtemir River.

In 1797, during the reign of Paul I, according to the Decree of His Imperial Majesty, the Governing Senate transferred the lands from Princes Alexander Borovich to Aleksander Borisovich and Alexei Borisovich Kurakin .

Shortly before, on the bank of the Bakhtemir River, in the place of separation of the Ikryanka duct from it, the village of Ikryanoye appears. Founder Count D. A. Zubov received these lands on the basis of a 1786 prescription from the Governor-General G. A. Potemkin on the distribution of state lands to landowners for the settlement of peasants. The first settlement was due to 77 peasants of the Simbirsk province, who were settled on the Zubovsky hill. It was not easy for new residents to live here, mastering hitherto unknown fishing. Around reeds, swamps, canals and there is no land for the usual tillage. In 1792, such a distribution of land was recognized by the Senate as illegal and, having lost the Bakhtemir waters, Zubov sold the Ikryaninsky serfs and the land under the village to a Greek neighbor of Fr. Psar to Ivan Andreevich Varvation, an adviser to the hero of the Chesme battle in the Russian-Turkish war. Deprived of fishing grounds, the Ikryanins leave the land and move to the village. Fedorovskoe (land bought by Varvatsiy from Skripitsin at the end of the 18th century).

Settlement of lands was slow, as the owners mainly used fishing water. And on August 24, 1802, Alexander I , taking into account the meaning of the previously adopted noble deed of settling the land, makes an explanation: “That land is allocated for settlement, not sea water, commanding that the water is still suitable for general use.”

In 1807-1810, Varvatsiy moved settlers from Fedorovka to a new place in the newly built solid houses. More village in its history was not tolerated. The place was chosen at the site of the confluence of Ikryanka in Bakhtemir. I.A. Varvatsiy, being a generous man, kept them in his care, hoping that over time the nearby Bakhtemir waters would be returned to the estate.

The case of the Bakhtemir river sections was considered in the Senate for about a year and in 1817 it was completed in favor of I. A. Varvatsia: “The exclusion from the treasury department of the warehouse for fishing of the court adviser Varvatsiya in the Astrakhan province and left to him for eternal and hereditary possession”. The village gradually began to revive. In 1817, the population of s. Caviar made up 147 people. In the first years of its existence, as described by the provincial surveyor Witte, it looked like this: 18 peasant houses built on the model of that time and lifestyle, located in one wide street, at the end of which there was a wooden church, transferred from Sedlinsky quarantine, decorated with an iconostasis and other church utensils. On both sides of the street are poplars.

The settlement gradually grew and became rich. Located on the shore of the ship's tract, not far from Astrakhan and the Caspian Sea , it served as a convenient pier for ships. In 1865 there were 139 yards in the village of Ikryanoye, 300 people lived, in 1871 - 547 people.

In 1873 (according to other sources in 1841 ) a stone church was built in the name of Saints Peter and Paul - Peter and Paul. There was a school, a school and 2 factories: grease-producing and brick-making.

In 1874, the village of Ikryanoe had the status of a volost.

According to the Astrakhan Provincial Statistical Committee in 1877, the population of Ikryany was 594 people. The number of yards was close to 150. In the village there are 3 trading shops, a drinking establishment, a station, a stone church, a fire convoy, 3 forges, a school, and volost administration. The Peter and Paul Church in the name of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul was built at the expense of Alexandra Petrovna Milasheva (Sapozhnikova) and her brother Alexei Petrovich Sapozhnikov. Thanks to the metric books in three parts (about the born (1st), about the married (2nd) and about the dead (3rd)), which were conducted at the church during the years 1839-1918, valuable data on the inhabitants of the village were preserved Caviar and adjacent villages of the time, which are available on the basis of the State Archives of the Astrakhan Region.

Population dynamics

• Ikryanoe // Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary : in 86 volumes (82 volumes and 4 additional). - SPb. , 1890-1907.