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BMW 3

BMW 3 Series - several generations of middle-class cars manufactured since 1975 by the German automaker BMW . They are distinguished by a large selection of bodies, a variety of engines and the presence of sports versions . The most successful series of cars in the history of the company [1] [2] .

BMW 3 Series
Bmw3er.jpg
general information
ManufacturerBMW
Years of production1975 - present
Design
Layoutfront-wheel, rear-wheel drive
front-wheel drive, all-wheel drive
Wheel formula4 × 2
On the market

Content

  • 1 First generation
  • 2 Second generation
  • 3 Third Generation
  • 4 fourth generation
  • 5 fifth generation
  • 6 Sixth generation
  • 7 Seventh Generation
  • 8 Motorsport
  • 9 Timeline
  • 10 Sales
  • 11 See also
  • 12 Comments
  • 13 Notes
  • 14 Literature
    • 14.1 BMW Annual Reports
    • 14.2 US Sales Statistics
    • 14.3 Articles from Autoreview
  • 15 Links

First Generation

First Generation (E21)
BMW E21 front 20080331.jpg
BMW 316 Sedan
general information
ManufacturerBMW
Years of production1975 - 1983
Design
Body type2-dv. sedan (5-seater) ,
2-dv. convertible (4-seater)
Engine
In-line four- and six-cylinder gasoline
BMW Baur Topcabriolet

The first generation car (E21) was introduced to the public in July 1975. It was a two-door sedan ( German Limousine ), which, despite its small dimensions, looked quite solid. It was distinguished by large windows, a wedge-shaped profile and, of course, branded "nostrils" that dominated the grille. Also stood out vertically mounted direction indicators and round headlights, spaced along the edges of the front [3] .

The bodybuilder Baur remade sedans into open cars called the Topcabriolet. The sidewalls and roof frame remained intact, and a folding tent was installed on top of such a model [4] .

The cars were equipped with a four-cylinder gasoline engine, had rear-wheel drive , independent front and rear suspensions. In 1977, a model with a six-cylinder gasoline engine appeared, which was able to accelerate to a speed of 190 km / h. In 1981, just six years after the release of the first car, the millionth instance rolled off the assembly line. This was the most successful series of company models for that period [5] .

Second Generation

Second Generation (E30)
 
Two-door sedan 325i
general information
ManufacturerBMW
Years of production1982 - 1994
Design
Body type2-dv. sedan (5-seater) ,
4-dv. sedan (5-seater) ,
2-dv. convertible (4-seater) ,
5-dv. station wagon (5-seater)
Engine
In-line four or six-cylinder gasoline, six - cylinder atmospheric diesel and turbocharged
Characteristics
Mass-dimensional
Length4325–4350 mm [6]
Width1645-1675 mm
Height1365-1400 mm
Wheelbase2562–2570 mm
 
Diesel station wagon BMW 324td

At the end of 1982, second-generation cars (E30) appeared. An updated appearance, improved aerodynamics, a more spacious and comfortable interior and powerful engines were the hallmark of these models. The shape of the car became smoother and more rounded, which was the result of numerous tests in the wind tunnel . The low location of the front end, a flat grille with inscribed “nostrils” and double headlights widely spaced around the edges visually increased the width of the car. A smooth transition to the sidewalls not only provided good streamlining, but also formed a characteristic profile of the car [3] .

In 1983, the family-owned four-door sedan ( German Limousine ) debuted, in 1985 an open convertible ( German Cabrio ) and a sports M3 version appeared, and in 1987 a spacious and functional station wagon ( German Touring ) was introduced. This was followed by models with diesel engines and all-wheel drive versions [7] .

Third Generation

Third Generation (E36)
 
general information
ManufacturerBMW
Years of production1990 - 2000
Design
Body type4-dv. sedan (5-seater) ,
2-dv. compartment (4-seater) ,
2-dv. convertible (4-seater) ,
3-dv. hatchback (5-seater) ,
5-dv. station wagon (5-seater)
Engine
In-line four- and six-cylinder petrol and diesel turbocharged
Characteristics
Mass-dimensional
Length4433 mm
4210 mm (hatchback)
Width1698-1710 mm
Height1335-1393 mm
Wheelbase2700-2710 mm
 
BMW 318ti hatchback with folding soft ceiling

In 1990, the third generation debuted (E36), first in the form of a large and spacious four-door sedan ( German Limousine ). A two-door model followed in 1992, now as an elegant coupe ( German: Coupé ). A few months later there was a convertible ( German: Cabrio ) and a sports version of the M3 . The models were given a dynamic look by a slightly tilted hood and a slightly raised trunk. In addition to a smooth silhouette with a rounded front end, on the cars of this generation, the double headlights hidden under the glass immediately caught my eye [3] .

In 1994, a novelty of the models of this series was introduced - a compact hatchback ( German Compact ), designed for those who needed an economical car with a sporty character.

The fastest cars were equipped with six-cylinder gasoline engines with two overhead camshafts and four valves per cylinder ( DOHC ), equipped with the VANOS proprietary variable valve timing system . And for economical models, four or six-cylinder turbodiesels with intermediate cooling of the boost air were proposed [8] .

Fourth Generation

BMW 3 Series (E46)
 
BMW 320i Sedan
general information
ManufacturerBMW
Years of production1997 - 2006
Design
Body type4-dv. sedan (5-seater) ,
2-dv. compartment (4-seater) ,
2-dv. convertible (4-seater) ,
3-dv. hatchback (5-seater) ,
5-dv. station wagon (5-seater)
Engine
In-line four- and six-cylinder petrol and diesel turbocharged
Characteristics
Mass-dimensional
Length4471-4488 mm [9] ,
4262 mm (hatchback) [10]
Width1739-1757 mm
Height1369-1415 mm
Wheelbase2725-2731 mm
 
Sports Coupe BMW M3

In May 1998, the fourth generation cars (E46) were released, offering even more power, comfort and safety. And again, the models became longer and wider, and the interior accordingly increased. The typical appearance of the cars has been significantly updated. “Nostrils” were now integrated into the hood, and double round headlights under the glass were emphasized by a wavy line, which visually separated them from the bumper and gave the models a recognizable look [3] .

On cars of this generation, diesel engines with direct injection and a battery fuel supply system debuted. For the first time, diesel engines were offered for installation on convertibles ( German: Cabrio ) and coupes ( German: Coupé ), the perfect combination of driving pleasure and practicality. In addition, the sedan ( German Limousine ) and station wagon ( German Touring ) could be equipped with a new all-wheel drive system [11] .

Since 2001, cars of the third series began to be manufactured using the small assembly method (CKD) in Russia at the Avtotor Kaliningrad enterprise [12] [13] .

Fifth Generation

Fifth Generation (E90)
 
BMW 318i Sedan
general information
ManufacturerBMW
Years of production2005 - 2013
Design
Body type4-dv. sedan (5-seater) ,
2-dv. compartment (4-seater) ,
2-dv. convertible (4-seater) ,
5-dv. station wagon (5-seater)
Engine
In-line four- and six-cylinder naturally aspirated or turbocharged petrol and turbocharged diesel
Characteristics
Mass-dimensional
Length4520–4580 mm
Width1780-1817 mm
Height1370-1420 mm
Wheelbase2760 mm
 
Convertible hardtop convertible

Fifth generation cars were introduced in 2005. Powerful engines and outstanding handling combined with an original look and innovative equipment have ensured models success worldwide. First there was a four-door sedan (E90) ( German Limousine ), and in 2006 a spacious station wagon (E91) ( German Touring ), a two-door coupe (E92) ( German Coupé ) and a convertible (E93) ( German Cabrio ) with a rigid three-piece folding roof. In 2007, the M3 sports model joined the family, equipped with a 420 hp V-shaped eight - cylinder engine. [fourteen]

All gasoline engines had a direct fuel injection system , and the most powerful models were equipped with turbocharged engines . Diesel engines provided good fuel efficiency and met all the European requirements for exhaust toxicity. For even greater fuel economy, some models could be equipped with a start-stop system [15] .

Sixth Generation

Sixth generation (F30)
 
BMW 316i Sedan
general information
ManufacturerBMW
Years of production2012 - 2019
Design
Body type4-dv. sedan (5-seater) ,
5-dv. liftback (5-seater) ,
5-dv. station wagon (5-seater)
Characteristics
Mass-dimensional
Length4624–4633 mm (sedan, station wagon) [16] .,
4824 mm (liftback),
4734–4760 mm (extended sedan),
4671 mm (M3)
Width1811-1877 mm
Height1429-1508 mm
Wheelbase2810 mm
 
Liftback BMW 328i

Sixth generation cars (F30) went on sale in early 2012. An even wider range of models was divided into two classes. More utilitarian sedan ( German Limousine ), station wagon ( German Touring ) and liftback ( German Gran Turismo ) remained cars of the 3rd series. The prestigious coupe, cabriolet and four-door coupe were singled out in a separate 4th series . On cars of this generation, systems previously inaccessible to models of this class appeared. Such as an eight-speed automatic transmission or a projector that displays instrument readings directly on the windshield. In addition to versions with gasoline and diesel engines, hybrid models were first proposed [17] .

Seventh Generation

Seventh Generation (G20)
 
Sedan BMW 320d
general information
ManufacturerBMW
Years of production2018 - present
Design
Body type4-dv. sedan (5-seater)
Engine
In-line four- and six-cylinder petrol and diesel , all turbocharged
Characteristics
Mass-dimensional
Length4709 mm (sedan),
4829 mm (extended sedan)
Width1827 mm
Height1442-1463 mm
Wheelbase2851 mm (sedan),
2961 mm (extended sedan)
 
BMW M340i Sports Sedan

The sedan (G20), which went on sale in the spring of 2019, became even larger: longer, wider, its wheelbase increased. A wide selection of standard and custom made offered, which brings the model closer to the border of self-government . Cameras , radars and track the space around the car and either warn the driver about the danger or use the brakes and steering wheel to prevent possible incidents [18] .

A wide range of four and six-cylinder gasoline and diesel engines, all with turbocharging and direct fuel injection, as well as the availability of all-wheel drive and hybrid versions, can satisfy the needs of customers of any category.

In the future, it is expected the appearance of a station wagon (G21) [19] [20] and a sports version (G80) [19] [21] , there will be no liftback (Gran Turismo) in this generation [22] [23] .

Motorsport

 
BMW 320

Series 3 cars breathed fresh air into the car race when, in 1977, the BMW youth team began participating in the German bodywork championship ( Deutsche Rennsport Meisterschaft ). Prepared in accordance with the requirements of Group 5, model 320 was equipped with a four - cylinder two - liter engine with four valves per cylinder, which for some time was used in Formula 2 and developed more than 300 hp. The car, piloted by novice racers Manfred Winkelhock , Mark Zurer and Eddie Cheever, had an ultra-light and very rigid body, a huge spoiler under the front bumper, a large rear wing and provided excellent handling. The first success came on March 13, 1977, when Zurer won the Belgian Grand Prix in Zolder .

All subsequent years, the BMW 3 Series has been the leader in this class of competition. Leading racers such as Hans-Joachim Stuck and Ronnie Peterson have repeatedly shown their class behind the wheel of these racing cars. And Harald Ertle driving a turbocharged version of the 320 model won the bodywork championship in 1978. In the same year, the BMW team became the winner in the standings of automakers in the two-liter class of the championship.

The second generation of cars provided an excellent basis for creating a racing car with outstanding performance. Created by the sports division of the company and first shown in 1985, the M3 was equipped with a 200-horsepower four-cylinder engine with four valves per cylinder. In parallel with the sports version, a racing model was created. Soon, this is a creation with an engine power of more than 300 hp. joined the fight in the world championship .

In the first, 1987 year of their performances, the M3 racing model, winning one victory after another, took three titles at once. Roberto Ravaglia won the world championship, Winfried Vogt ( German Winfried Vogt ) became the champion of Europe, and Eric Van de Pula won the German championship. The following year, 1988, Ravaglia won the European Championship, in 1989 the DTM Championship and his native Italian Championship in 1990, becoming one of the most successful M3 car pilots. For five years, the sports model M3 reigned supreme in various body championships. In the list of her achievements, the world crown of 1987, several European titles and a huge number of victories that confirmed her the status of the most successful racing car.

The sports career of the third generation models is replete with many races in different countries and various championships with a variety of technical regulations. These cars in many modifications with different engines were present on the racetracks from 1993 to 1998. Models ranged from coupes and sedans with bodies close to the serial and two-liter 300-horsepower engines, to seriously modified M3 cars. In 1998, a 320d model with a 200hp turbodiesel surprised everyone by winning the 24-hour Nurburgring race in absolute standings. This was the first victory of a diesel car in these competitions.

 
BMW M3 GTR

The four-door sedan again became the basis for racing versions when fourth-generation cars appeared on the tracks of body championships and . In 2005, the 320i won the updated world car championship. Andy Priaulx became second after Ravaglia the world champion in a BMW in this category. Meanwhile, the factory team successfully performed in endurance competitions on the M3 GTR coupe, taking first and second places at the 2004 and 2005 Nurburgring races and repeatedly winning the American Le Mans Series (ALMS).

In 2009, the next generation of M3 models joined the fight at the ALMS Championship. A car with a V 8 engine producing 485 hp. debuted at the 12-hour Sebring race. A successful start proved that the model could well participate in European competitions. Soon, a victory in their class at the Spa was added to the victory at the Nurburgring (19th in a row).

Exactly 25 years after the M3 championship in the bodywork championship, Canadian Bruno Spengler again set BMW on the road to victory, winning the second race of . The result of the year was the first place in three counts at once: personal, team and factory.

Perhaps the last chapter in sports history was recorded in 2014, when the German racer Marco Wittmann won the 60th victory for BMW in the DTM at the wheel of the M4 DTM, the successor to the famous 3-Series models [24] .

Timeline

Chronology
Generations19701980199020002010
567890one23four567890one23four567890one23four567890one23four56789
First (E21)Sedans
Convertibles
Second (E30)Sedans
M3
Convertibles
M3
Station wagons
Third (E36)Sedans
M3
Coupe
M3
Hatchbacks
Convertibles
M3
Station wagons
Fourth (E46)Sedans
Coupe
M3
Hatchbacks
Convertibles
M3
Station wagons
Fifth (E90)Sedans
Coupe
M3
Convertibles
Station wagons
Sixth (F30)Sedans
M3
Liftbacks
Station wagons
Seventh (G20)Sedans
567890one23four567890one23four567890one23four567890one23four56789
19701980199020002010

Sales

Sales
YearTotalSedansCoupeConvertiblesHatchbacks /
liftbacks		Station wagons% of all BMWIN THE USAIn Europe [K. one]In Russia
1975 [25]127 798----
1976 [25]163 519----
1977 [25]175 094----
1978 [26]183 793----
1979 [27]188 887----
1980 [28]207 098----25,771 [29]
1981 [30]226,236----28 927 [29]
1982 [31]195 507---35 190 [29]
1983 [32]253 331---33 602 [29]
1984 [33]286 940---30,868 [29]
1985296,500 [34]
(295,000) [35]		--53 927 [29]
1986328,000 [36]
(329,100) [37]		--61,822 [29]
1987311,500 [36]
(314,700) [38]		-58 897 [29]
1988272,200 [36]
(269,100) [39]		-34 914 [29]
1989 [34]270,500-21,738 [29]
1990 [36]265,400-22,825 [29]
1991 [40]324,100-29 002 [29]
1992 [41]385,000-38,040 [29]
1993 [42]353,00087,000-45 594 [29]
1994 [43]385,70033,00048,00046,287 [29]
1995 [44]413,100200,00034,00085,00050 146 [29]
1996 [45]400,00032,70050 248 [29]171 176
1997 [46]394,900164,70030,000 [47]109 100 [47]34,000 [47]52 472 [29]161 668292 [48]
1998 [49]429 900146,25027 90060,00028 10057 520 [29]184 826395 [50]
1999454,000 [47]77 138 [29]235 276+
35 842 +
33,765		202 [51]
2000 [52]511 05228,47662 11789 681 [29]330,604205 [53]
2001 [54]533 95248,29877 669103,227 [29]343,866779 [55]
2002 [56]561,249287 81371 85654,05066 07381 457115 428 [29]353,6521160 [57]
2003 [58]528 358272,87682 006111 944 [29]323 1691220 [59]
2004 [60]449,732235,25157 96840 34139 10877 064106 549 [29]266 923915 [61]
2005 [62]434 342229 93231 84131 67827,049106 950 [29]246 1051470 [63]
2006 [64]508 479336 23241,18525,235-105 483120 180 [65]289 4292337 [66]
2007 [67]555,219310 19489 57252 970-102 39943.5142,490 [65]298 1922653 +
1159 [68]
2008 [69]474,208246 23179,24855 538-93 19139.5112 464 [70]253,4122641 +
1328 [71]
2009 [72]397 103219 85054 85237,800-84 60137,290 960 [70]204 1452477 +
869 [73]
2010 [74]399 009242,83146 35835,812-74 00832.6100 910 [75]187 6232360 [76]
2011 [77]384,464240,27939 33232,799-72 05427.994,371 [78]166 8454341 [79]
2012 [80]406,752294,04529 52524,03859 14426,499 602 [81]181 7695761 [82]
2013 [83]500 332348 56015,24017,41822 94196 17330,2119 521 [84]200 7207985 [85]
2014 [86]480,214--26.5100 790 [87]167 6868158 [88]
2015 [89]444,338--23.394,527 [87]143,0494231 [90]
2016 [91]411 844--20.570 458 [92]143,6824170 [93]
2017 [94]409,005--19.659,449 [95]128,7874149 [96]
2018 [97]366 475--17,244 578 [98]103 5814828 [99]

See also

BMW M3

Comments

  1. ↑ The sources of information are the same as in this article.

Notes

  1. ↑ The success story of a global trendsetter: Five generations of the BMW 3 Series.
  2. ↑ 40 years of the BMW 3 Series model range. 1. 40 years of the BMW 3 Series model range. Setting the benchmark for driving pleasure in the mid-size class for six generations .
  3. ↑ 1 2 3 4 The “face“ of the BMW 3 Series through changing times: dynamic, innovative and always unmistakably BMW. Each new BMW 3 Series is a harmonious combination of BMW tradition and modernity, of classic and innovative elements that constantly interpret the desired family resemblance in a most exciting way . BMW Group PressClub (01/13/2012). Date of treatment February 8, 2019. Archived on February 8, 2019.
  4. ↑ BMW 3er Baur Topcabriolet (E21) (German) . BMW Group Archiv. Date of treatment March 25, 2019. Archived March 25, 2019.
  5. ↑ The success story of a global trendsetter: Five generations of the BMW 3 Series . 1975: The first generation . BMW Group PressClub Global (03/28/2011) . Date accessed March 8, 2019. Archived March 8, 2019.
  6. ↑ Presentation of the new BMW 3 Series. Technical data .
  7. ↑ The success story of a global trendsetter: Five generations of the BMW 3 Series . 1982: The second generation . BMW Group PressClub Global (03/28/2011) . Date accessed March 8, 2019. Archived March 8, 2019.
  8. ↑ The success story of a global trendsetter: Five generations of the BMW 3 Series . 1990: The third generation . BMW Group PressClub Global (03/28/2011) . Date accessed March 8, 2019. Archived March 8, 2019.
  9. ↑ Die neue BMW 3er-Reihe: Die fünfte Generation des Originals rollt zum Start. Technische Daten .
  10. ↑ THE NEW BMW COMPACT. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS.
  11. ↑ The success story of a global trendsetter: Five generations of the BMW 3 Series . 1998: The fourth generation . BMW Group PressClub Global (03/28/2011) . Date accessed March 8, 2019. Archived March 8, 2019.
  12. ↑ BMW (Russian) . AUTHOR. Date of treatment December 15, 2018. Archived on April 20, 2018.
  13. ↑ SKD-Standort Russland (German) . BMW Group Archiv. Date of treatment January 18, 2019. Archived January 18, 2019.
  14. ↑ The new BMW M3 . BMW Group PressClub Global (07/02/2007). Date accessed May 27, 2019. Archived May 27, 2019.
  15. ↑ The success story of a global trendsetter: Five generations of the BMW 3 Series . 2005: The fifth generation . BMW Group PressClub Global (03/28/2011) . Date accessed March 8, 2019. Archived March 8, 2019.
  16. ↑ New BMW 3 Series Sedan.
  17. ↑ 40 years of the BMW 3 Series model range. 7. Innovative character: The sixth generation of the BMW 3 Series .
  18. ↑ New BMW 3 Series. Leader in the development of autonomous driving .
  19. ↑ 1 2 Nico DeMattia. Upcoming BMW chassis codes hint at future models . BMWBlog (August 23rd, 2017). Date accessed March 21, 2019. Archived January 19, 2019.
  20. ↑ Igor Vladimirsky. The new BMW M3 will be a station wagon (Russian) . Autoreview (October 29, 2018). Date accessed May 14, 2019. Archived May 14, 2019.
  21. ↑ Igor Vladimirsky. The new BMW M3 will switch to four-wheel drive (Russian) . Autoreview (May 8, 2019). Date of treatment May 14, 2019. Archived on May 8, 2019.
  22. ↑ Horatiu Boeriu. BMW confirms no next generation 3 Series Gran Turismo BMWBlog (May 7th, 2019). Date of treatment May 14, 2019. Archived on May 8, 2019.
  23. ↑ Igor Vladimirsky. Liftback BMW GT third series will resign . News (rus.) . Autoreview (October 4, 2018) . Date accessed March 21, 2019. Archived January 5, 2019.
  24. ↑ 40 years of the BMW 3 Series model range. 8. The BMW 3 Series in motor sport .
  25. ↑ 1 2 3 Annual Report of the Bayerische Motoren Werke Munich on the 1977 Busness Year. - P. 10. Report of the Managing Board. BMW Car Sales .
  26. ↑ Annual Report of the Bayerische Motoren Werke Munich on the 1978 Busness Year. - P. 10. Report of the Managing Board. BMW Car Sales .
  27. ↑ Annual Report of the Bayerische Motoren Werke Munich on the 1979 Busness Year. - P. 10. Report of the Managing Board. Automobile Car Sales .
  28. ↑ Annual Report of the Bayerische Motoren Werke Munich on the 1980 Busness Year. - P. 10. Report of the Managing Board. BMW Automobile Sales .
  29. ↑ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 BMW 3-series / 4-series (English) . Carsalesbase. Date of treatment January 26, 2019. Archived on August 25, 2018.
  30. ↑ Annual Report of the Bayerische Motoren Werke Munich on the 1981 Busness Year. - P. 12. Report of the Managing Board. BMW Automobile Sales .
  31. ↑ Annual Report of the Bayerische Motoren Werke Munich on the 1982 Busness Year. - P. 14. Report of the Managing Board. BMW Automobile Sales .
  32. ↑ Annual Report of the Bayerische Motoren Werke Munich on the 1983 Busness Year. - P. 14. Business Development at BMW. BMW Automobile Sales .
  33. ↑ Annual Report of the Bayerische Motoren Werke Munich on the 1984 Busness Year. - P. 16. Business Development at BMW. BMW Automobile Sales .
  34. ↑ 1 2 Bericht der Bayerischen Motoren Werke uber das Geschaftsjahr 1989. - P. 9. Konzernlagebericht und Lagebericht der BMW AG. Automobilabsatz des BMW Konzerns .
  35. ↑ Annual Report of the Bayerische Motoren Werke Munich on the 1985 Busness Year. - P. 15. Business Development at BMW. BMW Automobile Sales .
  36. ↑ 1 2 3 4 Annual Report on the 1990 Busness Year. - P. 11. Economic Review of the BMW Group and of BMW AG. Automobile Sales of the BMW Group .
  37. ↑ Annual Report of the Bayerische Motoren Werke Munich on the 1986 Busness Year. - P. 18. Busness Development at BMW. BMW Automobile Sales .
  38. ↑ Annual Report of the Bayerische Motoren Werke Munich on the 1987 Busness Year. - P. 9. Economic Review of BMW AG. BMW Automobile Sales .
  39. ↑ Annual Report of the Bayerische Motoren Werke Munich on the 1988 Busness Year. - P. 9. Economic Review of BMW AG. BMW Automobile Sales .
  40. ↑ BMW Annual Report 1991. - P. 36. Automobiles and Motorcycles. Automobile Sales of the BMW Group .
  41. ↑ BMW Annual Report 1992. - P. 41. Automobiles and Motorcycles. BMW car sales at new record level .
  42. ↑ BMW Annual Report 1993. - P. 45. BMW Automobiles and Motorcycles. BMW cars: Marcet position develop .
  43. ↑ BMW Annual Report 1994. - P. 34. BMW Automobiles and Motorcycles. Market increase in demands for BMW cars .
  44. ↑ BMW Annual Report 1995. - P. 39. BMW Automobiles and Motorcycles. Rising demands for BMW cars .
  45. ↑ BMW Annual Report 1996. - P. 36. BMW Automobiles and Motorcycles. Rising demands for BMW cars worldwide .
  46. ↑ 1997 BMW Annual Report. - P. 44-45. BMW Automobiles and Motorcycles. Deliveries of 675,000 cars to customers worldwide .
  47. ↑ 1 2 3 4 BMW (Rover) Sales & Production Databook .
  48. ↑ Auto Review No. 4 1998.
  49. ↑ 1998 BMW Annual Report. - P. 46. BMW Automobiles and Motorcycles. Almost 700,000 BMWs delivered to customer worldwide .
  50. ↑ Auto Review No. 3 1999.
  51. ↑ Autoreview №2 2000 .
  52. ↑ Annual Report 2000. - P. 09. Group Management Report. Deliveries of BMW Automobiles increasing to a new record level .
  53. ↑ A. Koterev. Foreign cars in Russia: results of 2000 (Russian) (inaccessible link) . Autoreview (No. 2 2001). Date of treatment January 26, 2019. Archived August 2, 2014.
  54. ↑ Annual Report 2001. - P. 14. Group Management Report. BMW brand achieves record number of deliveries - X5 with record sales .
  55. ↑ Andrey Koterev. Foreign cars in Russia: results of 2001 (Russian) (inaccessible link) . Autoreview (No 2 2002). Date of treatment January 22, 2019. Archived February 17, 2015.
  56. ↑ Annual Report 2002. - P. 14-15. Group Management Report. BMW brand well above previous year's sales record .
  57. ↑ Andrey Koterev. Foreign cars in Russia: results of 2002 (inaccessible link) . Autoreview. Date of treatment January 22, 2019. Archived November 25, 2005.(рус.)
  58. ↑ Annual Report 2003. - P. 14-15. Group Management Report. BMW brand sales volume higher than in the previous year despite model change .
  59. ↑ Anatoly Kalitsev, Maxim Kadakov. Foreign cars in Russia: results of 2003 (inaccessible link) . Autoreview (No.2 2004). Date of treatment January 22, 2019. Archived November 28, 2005.(рус.)
  60. ↑ Geschaftsbericht 2004. — P. 12—13. Konzernlagebericht. BMWAbsatz überschreitet Millionengrenze .
  61. ↑ Анатолий КАЛИЦЕВ. Иномарки в России: итоги 2004 года (рус.) (недоступная ссылка) . Авторевю (№2 2005). Дата обращения 25 января 2019. Архивировано 18 марта 2015 года.
  62. ↑ Annual Report 2005. — P. 16. Group Management Report. The BMWbrand — the most successful premium car brand in the world .
  63. ↑ Анатолий КАЛИЦЕВ. Почти полтора миллиона (рус.) (недоступная ссылка) . Авторевю (№2 2006). Дата обращения 25 января 2019. Архивировано 18 июня 2015 года.
  64. ↑ Annual Report 2006. — P. 15—16. Group Management Report. The BMWbrand remains the world's most successful premium car brand .
  65. ↑ 1 2 2007 Sales BMW of North America, LLC, January through December 2007.
  66. ↑ Владимир ПАЛКИН. Бум. Просто бум (рус.) (недоступная ссылка) . Авторевю (№3 2007). Дата обращения 25 января 2019. Архивировано 18 мая 2007 года.
  67. ↑ Annual Report 2007. — P. 18. Group Management Report. BMW remains the most successful premium car brand in the world .
  68. ↑ Игорь ВЛАДИМИРСКИЙ. Авторынок России: вперед и вверх, а там... (рус.) (недоступная ссылка) . Авторевю (№3 2008). Дата обращения 25 января 2019. Архивировано 22 февраля 2010 года.
  69. ↑ Annual Report 2008. — P. 21. Group Management Report. Deliveries of BMW automobiles by model variant .
  70. ↑ 1 2 Sales BMW of North America, LLC, December 2009.
  71. ↑ Игорь ВЛАДИМИРСКИЙ. Авторынок России: инерция (рус.) (недоступная ссылка) . Авторевю (№3 2009). Дата обращения 25 января 2019. Архивировано 7 декабря 2009 года.
  72. ↑ Annual Report 2009. — P. 19. Group Management Report. Deliveries of BMW automobiles by model variant .
  73. ↑ Игорь ВЛАДИМИРСКИЙ. Отрезвление (рус.) (недоступная ссылка) . Авторевю (№3 2010). Дата обращения 25 января 2019. Архивировано 11 февраля 2010 года.
  74. ↑ Annual Report 2010. — P. 19. Group Management Report. Sales volume of BMW vehicles by model variant .
  75. ↑ Sales BMW of North America, LLC, December 2010.
  76. ↑ Игорь ВЛАДИМИРСКИЙ. Реабилитация (рус.) (недоступная ссылка) . Авторевю (№3 2011). Дата обращения 25 января 2019. Архивировано 7 сентября 2015 года.
  77. ↑ Annual Report 2011. — P. 25. Review of Operations. Sales volume of BMW vehicles by model variant .
  78. ↑ Sales BMW of North America, LLC, December 2011.
  79. ↑ Авторевю №3 2012.
  80. ↑ Annual Report 2012. — P. 25. Review of Operations. Sales volume of BMW vehicles by model variant .
  81. ↑ Vehicle Sales BMW of North America, LLC, December 2012.
  82. ↑ Игорь Владимирский. Насыщение (рус.) (недоступная ссылка) . Авторевю (№3 2013). Дата обращения 24 января 2019. Архивировано 17 марта 2015 года.
  83. ↑ Annual Report 2013. — P. 30. Combined Management Report. Sales volume of BMW vehicles by model variant .
  84. ↑ Vehicle Sales BMW of North America, LLC, December 2013.
  85. ↑ Игорь ВЛАДИМИРСКИЙ. Проценты (рус.) (недоступная ссылка) . Авторевю (№3 2014). Дата обращения 25 января 2019. Архивировано 17 марта 2015 года.
  86. ↑ Annual Report 2014. — P. 30. Combined Management Report. Sales volume of BMW vehicles by model variant .
  87. ↑ 1 2 Vehicle Sales BMW of North America, LLC, December 2015.
  88. ↑ Игорь ВЛАДИМИРСКИЙ. На пороге (рус.) (недоступная ссылка) . Авторевю (№2 2015). Дата обращения 25 января 2019. Архивировано 12 мая 2015 года.
  89. ↑ Annual Report 2015 . — P. 30. Combined Management Report. Sales volume of BMW vehicles by model variant .
  90. ↑ Авторевю №3 2016 .
  91. ↑ Annual Report 2016 . — P. 43. Combined Management Report. Sales volume of BMW vehicles by model variant .
  92. ↑ Vehicle Sales BMW of North America, LLC, December 2016.
  93. ↑ Авторевю №3 2017 .
  94. ↑ Annual Report 2017 . — P. 53. Combined Management Report. Deliveries of BMW vehicles by model variant .
  95. ↑ Vehicle Sales BMW of North America, LLC, December 2017.
  96. ↑ Авторевю №3 2018 .
  97. ↑ Annual Report 2018 . — P. 49. Combined Management Report. Deliveries of BMW vehicles by model variant .
  98. ↑ Vehicle Sales BMW of North America, LLC, Dec. 2018.
  99. ↑ Авторевю №3 2019 .

Literature

  1. The success story of a global trendsetter: Five generations of the BMW 3 Series (англ.) : Информация для прессы. — Munich: BMW Corporate Communications, 2011. — March. — P. 5. Архивировано 5 января 2019 года.
  2. 40 years of the BMW 3 Series model range (англ.) : Информация для прессы. — Munich: BMW Media information, 2015. — May. — P. 27. Архивировано 5 января 2019 года.
  3. Presentation of the new BMW 3 Series (англ.) : Информация для прессы. — Munchen: BMW AG Presse. — P. 109. Архивировано 8 января 2019 года.
  4. Die neue BMW 3er-Reihe: Die fünfte Generation des Originals rollt zum Start (нем.) : Информация для прессы. — BMW, 1998. — Januar. — P. 10. Архивировано 9 декабря 2018 года.
  5. THE NEW BMW COMPACT. TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS (англ.) : Технические характеристики. — BMW Press, 2001. — July. — P. 1. Архивировано 21 декабря 2018 года.
  6. Новый BMW 3 серии (рус.) : Информация для прессы. — BMW Group Russia Corporate Communications. — P. 6. Архивировано 11 января 2019 года.
  7. Новый седан BMW 3 серии (рус.) : Информация для прессы. — BMW, 2011. — Ноябрь. — P. 75. Архивировано 8 марта 2019 года.

Годовые отчёты BMW

  1. Annual Report of the Bayerische Motoren Werke Munich on the 1977 Busness Year (англ.) . — Munich: Bayerische Motoren Werke, 1978. — P. 62. Архивировано 26 января 2019 года.
  2. Annual Report of the Bayerische Motoren Werke Munich on the 1978 Busness Year (англ.) . — Munich: Bayerische Motoren Werke, 1979. — P. 64. Архивировано 26 января 2019 года.
  3. Annual Report of the Bayerische Motoren Werke Munich on the 1979 Busness Year (англ.) . — Munich: Bayerische Motoren Werke, 1980. — P. 68. Архивировано 26 января 2019 года.
  4. Annual Report of the Bayerische Motoren Werke Munich on the 1980 Busness Year (англ.) . — Munich: Bayerische Motoren Werke, 1981. — P. 70. Архивировано 26 января 2019 года.
  5. Annual Report of the Bayerische Motoren Werke Munich on the 1981 Busness Year (англ.) . — Munich: Bayerische Motoren Werke, 1982. — P. 64. Архивировано 31 января 2019 года.
  6. Annual Report of the Bayerische Motoren Werke Munich on the 1982 Busness Year (англ.) . — Munich: Bayerische Motoren Werke, 1983. — P. 74. Архивировано 31 января 2019 года.
  7. Annual Report of the Bayerische Motoren Werke Munich on the 1983 Busness Year (англ.) . — Munich: Bayerische Motoren Werke, 1984. — P. 73. Архивировано 31 января 2019 года.
  8. Annual Report of the Bayerische Motoren Werke Munich on the 1984 Busness Year (англ.) . — Munich: Bayerische Motoren Werke, 1985. — P. 73. Архивировано 31 января 2019 года.
  9. Annual Report of the Bayerische Motoren Werke Munich on the 1985 Busness Year (англ.) . — Munich: Bayerische Motoren Werke, 1986. — P. 73. Архивировано 31 января 2019 года.
  10. Annual Report of the Bayerische Motoren Werke Munich on the 1986 Busness Year (англ.) . — Munich: Bayerische Motoren Werke, 1987. — P. 82. Архивировано 22 января 2019 года.
  11. Annual Report of the Bayerische Motoren Werke Munich on the 1987 Busness Year (англ.) . — Munich: Bayerische Motoren Werke, 1988. — March. — P. 89. Архивировано 26 января 2019 года.
  12. Annual Report of the Bayerische Motoren Werke Munich on the 1988 Busness Year (англ.) . — Munich: Bayerische Motoren Werke, 1989. — P. 95. Архивировано 26 января 2019 года.
  13. Bericht der Bayerischen Motoren Werke über das Geschäftsjahr 1989 (нем.) . — Munich: Bayerische Motoren Werke, 1990. — P. 88. Архивировано 26 января 2019 года.
  14. Annual Report on the 1990 Busness Year (англ.) . — Munich: Bayerische Motoren Werke, 1991. — P. 101. Архивировано 26 января 2019 года.
  15. BMW Annual Report 1991 (англ.) . — Munich: Bayerische Motoren Werke, 1992. — P. 96. Архивировано 26 января 2019 года.
  16. BMW Annual Report 1992 (англ.) . — Munich: Bayerische Motoren Werke, 1993. — P. 99. Архивировано 26 января 2019 года.
  17. BMW Annual Report 1993 (англ.) . — Munich: Bayerische Motoren Werke, 1994. — P. 101. Архивировано 26 января 2019 года.
  18. BMW Annual Report 1994 (англ.) . — Munich: Bayerische Motoren Werke, 1995. — P. 108. Архивировано 26 января 2019 года.
  19. BMW Annual Report 1995 (англ.) . — Munich: Bayerische Motoren Werke, 1996. — P. 135. Архивировано 26 января 2019 года.
  20. BMW Annual Report 1996 (англ.) . — Munich: Bayerische Motoren Werke, 1997. — P. 132. Архивировано 22 января 2019 года.
  21. 1997 BMW Annual Report (англ.) . — Munich: Bayerische Motoren Werke, 1998. — P. 235. Архивировано 22 января 2019 года.
  22. 1998 BMW Annual Report (англ.) . — Munich: Bayerische Motoren Werke, 1999. — P. 228. Архивировано 26 января 2019 года.
  23. Annual Report 1999 (англ.) . — Munich: Bayerische Motoren Werke, 2000. — P. 82. Архивировано 26 января 2019 года.
  24. Annual Report 2000. The successful start into the New Millenium (англ.) . — Munich: Bayerische Motoren Werke, 2001. — P. 113. Архивировано 26 января 2019 года.
  25. Annual Report 2001. Profitable growth with premium brands (англ.) . — Munich: Bayerische Motoren Werke, 2002. — P. 196. Архивировано 22 января 2019 года.
  26. Annual Report 2002. Applying strengths. Pursuing a distinctive course (англ.) . — Munich: Bayerische Motoren Werke, 2003. — P. 205. Архивировано 22 января 2019 года.
  27. Annual Report 2003. Developing power (англ.) . — Munich: Bayerische Motoren Werke, 2004. — P. 206. Архивировано 21 января 2019 года.
  28. Geschaftsbericht 2004 (нем.) . — Munich: Bayerische Motoren Werke, 2005. — P. 200. Архивировано 11 марта 2016 года.
  29. Annual Report 2005 (англ.) : Годовой отчёт. — Munich: Bayerische Motoren Werke, 2006. — March. — P. 205. Архивировано 24 января 2019 года.
  30. Annual Report 2006 (англ.) . — Munich: Bayerische Motoren Werke, 2007. — March. — P. 196. Архивировано 3 июля 2017 года.
  31. Annual Report 2007 (англ.) . — Munich: Bayerische Motoren Werke, 2007. — March. — P. 247. Архивировано 3 июля 2017 года.
  32. Annual Report 2008 (англ.) . — Munich: Bayerische Motoren Werke, 2009. — March. — P. 249. Архивировано 20 января 2019 года.
  33. Annual Report 2009 (англ.) . — Munich: Bayerische Motoren Werke, 2010. — February. — P. 249. Архивировано 20 января 2019 года.
  34. Annual Report 2010 (англ.) . — Munich: Bayerische Motoren Werke, 2011. — March. — P. 282. Архивировано 20 января 2019 года.
  35. Annual Report 2011 (англ.) . — Munich: Bayerische Motoren Werke, 2012. — P. 282. Архивировано 24 января 2019 года.
  36. Annual Report 2012 (англ.) . — Munich: Bayerische Motoren Werke, 2013. — P. 284. Архивировано 24 января 2019 года.
  37. Annual Report 2013 (англ.) . — Munich: Bayerische Motoren Werke, 2014. — P. 207. Архивировано 25 января 2019 года.
  38. Annual Report 2014 (англ.) . — Munich: Bayerische Motoren Werke, 2015. — P. 212. Архивировано 26 января 2019 года.
  39. Annual Report 2015 (англ.) . — Munich: Bayerische Motoren Werke, 2016. — P. 210. Архивировано 6 сентября 2018 года.
  40. Annual Report 2016. A New Era Begins (англ.) . — Munich: Bayerische Motoren Werke, 2017. — P. 236. Архивировано 28 января 2019 года.
  41. We Are Shaping the Mobility of the Future. Annual Report 2017 (англ.) . — Munich: Bayerische Motoren Werke, 2018. — P. 258. Архивировано 2 февраля 2019 года.
  42. Annual Report 2018. # Milestones in Future Mobility (англ.) . — Munich: Bayerische Motoren Werke, 2019. — P. 260. Архивировано 21 марта 2019 года.

Статистика продаж в США

  1. BMW (Rover) Sales & Production Databook (англ.) . — Automotive Intelligence. — P. 18. Архивировано 26 сентября 2018 года.
  2. Sales BMW of North America, LLC, January through December 2007 (англ.) . — BMW Group. — P. 1. Архивировано 23 января 2019 года.
  3. Sales BMW of North America, LLC, December 2009 (англ.) . — BMW Group. — P. 1. Архивировано 23 января 2019 года.
  4. Sales BMW of North America, LLC, December 2010 (англ.) . — BMW Group. — P. 1. Архивировано 23 января 2019 года.
  5. Sales BMW of North America, LLC, December 2011 (англ.) . — BMW Group. — P. 1. Архивировано 23 января 2019 года.
  6. Vehicle Sales BMW of North America, LLC, December 2012 (англ.) . — BMW Group. — P. 1. Архивировано 24 января 2019 года.
  7. Vehicle Sales BMW of North America, LLC, December 2013 (англ.) . — BMW Group. — P. 1. Архивировано 30 октября 2018 года.
  8. Vehicle Sales BMW of North America, LLC, December 2015 (англ.) . — BMW Group. — P. 1. Архивировано 30 октября 2018 года.
  9. Vehicle Sales BMW of North America, LLC, December 2016 (англ.) . — BMW Group. — P. 1. Архивировано 30 октября 2018 года.
  10. Vehicle Sales BMW of North America, LLC, December 2017 (англ.) . — BMW Group. — P. 1. Архивировано 30 октября 2018 года.
  11. Vehicle Sales BMW of North America, LLC, Dec. 2018 (англ.) . — BMW Group. — P. 1. Архивировано 23 января 2019 года.

Статьи из Авторевю

  1. А.Кадаков. Новые иномарки в России: итоги 1997 года (рус.) // Авторевю : газета. — 1998. — № 4 (167) . — С. 5 .
  2. А.Котерев. Иномарки в России: итоги года (рус.) // Авторевю : газета. — 1999. — № 3 (190) . - S. 7 .
  3. М. Кадаков. Иномарки в России: итоги 1999 года (рус.) // Авторевю : газета. — 2000. — № 2 (212) . — С. 6—7 .
  4. Игорь Владимирский. Вновь шикуем (рус.) // Авторевю : газета. — 2012. — № 3 (489) . — С. 16—21 .
  5. Игорь Владимирский. Вслед за нефтью (рус.) // Авторевю : газета. — 2016. — № 3 (581) . — С. 4—8 .
  6. Игорь Владимирский. Тринадцатые (рус.) // Авторевю : газета. — 2017. — № 3 (604) . — С. 2—6 .
  7. Игорь Владимирский. Поправка (рус.) // Авторевю : газета. — 2018. — № 3 (627) . — С. 6—9 .
  8. Игорь Владимирский. Рост в кредит (рус.) // Авторевю : газета. — 2019. — № 3 (650) . — С. 24—27 .

Links

Владимир Мельников. Детство. Отрочество. Скучность // Авторевю: газета. — 2019. — №10 (657). — С. 26—36.

Источник — https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW_3&oldid=101926148


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