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Botany or the Botanical Bay ( English Botany Bay , formerly sometimes the English Botanist Bay ) is the Tasman Sea on the eastern coast of Australia , 8 km south of the center of Sydney , discovered by James Cook on April 29, 1770. J. Cook gave the name to the bay in honor of his friends - explorers and partners on the first round-the-world voyage on the Endeavor ship. These are botanists Sir Joseph Banks and Daniel Solander , who studied and described many unfamiliar plants on the shores of the bay. They also described animals, especially marsupials . According to another version, Banks himself gave the name to the bay ^[1] .

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English Botany bay
View of the bay from an airplane
Specifications
Bay Type	the bay
The average tide	2.3 m
Deepest	31 m
Average depth	18 m
Flowing river	Georges
Location
Upstream waters	Tasman Sea , Pacific Ocean
A country	Australia
Region	N.S.W.
Area	Sydney
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The Botany Bay is known for the fact that the First Fleet from Great Britain with the future settlers of Australia came there on January 18-20, 1788. However, due to the lack of sufficient fresh water, and, most importantly, the poor protection of the Botany Bay from sea winds on January 26, 1788, the First Fleet moved to the three-arm Port Jackson Bay, which is more convenient for building ports, located 12 km north of the sea, where The first European settlement in Australia, Sydney, was founded.

Currently, the city of Sydney has grown to Botany Bay. In particular, the Sydney Airport is located on the northern shore of the Gulf, and the airport runways overlook the Gulf (they are partially reclaimed).

The width of the gulf at the entrance is 2.2 km, the depth is 18–31 m. The Cook and Georges rivers flow into the Botanical Gulf. Semidiurnal tides up to 2.3 m.

There is a port of the same name in the bay. The population in the bay is about 35 thousand people.